rust/hg-cpython/src/lib.rs

rust-cpython: add macro for sharing references

Following an experiment done by Georges Racinet, we now have a working way of
sharing references between Python and Rust. This is needed in many points of
the codebase, for example every time we need to expose an iterator to a
Rust-backed Python class.

In a few words, references are (unsafely) marked as `'static` and coupled
with manual reference counting; we are doing manual borrow-checking.

This changes introduces two declarative macro to help reduce boilerplate.
While it is better than not using macros, they are not perfect. They need to:

	- Integrate with the garbage collector for container types (not needed
	  as of yet), as stated in the docstring
	- Allow for leaking multiple attributes at the same time
	- Inject the `py_shared_state` data attribute in `py_class`-generated
	  structs
	- Automatically namespace the functions and attributes they generate

For at least the last two points, we will need to write a procedural macro
instead of a declarative one.
While this reference-sharing mechanism is being ironed out I thought it best
not to implement it yet.

Lastly, and implementation detail renders our Rust-backed Python iterators too
strict to be proper drop-in replacements, as will be illustrated in a future
patch: if the data structure referenced by a non-depleted iterator is mutated,
an `AlreadyBorrowed` exception is raised, whereas Python would allow it, only
to raise a `RuntimeError` if `next` is called on said iterator. This will have
to be addressed at some point.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D6631

// lib.rs
//
// Copyright 2018 Georges Racinet <[e-mail]>
//
// This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
// GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

//! Python bindings of `hg-core` objects using the `cpython` crate.
//! Once compiled, the resulting single shared library object can be placed in
//! the `mercurial` package directly as `rustext.so` or `rustext.dll`.
//! It holds several modules, so that from the point of view of Python,
//! it behaves as the `cext` package.
//!
//! Example:
//!
//! ```text
//! >>> from mercurial.rustext import ancestor
//! >>> ancestor.__doc__
//! 'Generic DAG ancestor algorithms - Rust implementation'
//! ```

/// This crate uses nested private macros, `extern crate` is still needed in
/// 2018 edition.
#[macro_use]
extern crate cpython;

pub mod ancestors;
mod cindex;
mod conversion;
#[macro_use]
pub mod ref_sharing;
pub mod dagops;
pub mod dirstate;
pub mod parsers;
pub mod discovery;
pub mod exceptions;
pub mod filepatterns;

py_module_initializer!(rustext, initrustext, PyInit_rustext, |py, m| {
    m.add(
        py,
        "__doc__",
        "Mercurial core concepts - Rust implementation",
    )?;

    let dotted_name: String = m.get(py, "__name__")?.extract(py)?;
    m.add(py, "ancestor", ancestors::init_module(py, &dotted_name)?)?;
    m.add(py, "dagop", dagops::init_module(py, &dotted_name)?)?;
    m.add(py, "discovery", discovery::init_module(py, &dotted_name)?)?;
    m.add(py, "dirstate", dirstate::init_module(py, &dotted_name)?)?;
    m.add(
        py,
        "filepatterns",
        filepatterns::init_module(py, &dotted_name)?,
    )?;
    m.add(
        py,
        "parsers",
        parsers::init_parsers_module(py, &dotted_name)?,
    )?;
    m.add(py, "GraphError", py.get_type::<exceptions::GraphError>())?;
    m.add(
        py,
        "PatternFileError",
        py.get_type::<exceptions::PatternFileError>(),
    )?;
    m.add(
        py,
        "PatternError",
        py.get_type::<exceptions::PatternError>(),
    )?;
    Ok(())
});