tests/test-context-metadata.t

wireproto: define and implement HTTP handshake to upgrade protocol

When clients connect to repositories over HTTP, they issue a request
to the well-known URL "?cmd=capabilities" to fetch the repository
capabilities. This is the handshake portion of the HTTP protocol.

This commit defines a mechanism to use that HTTP request to return
information about modern server features.

If a client sends an X-HgUpgrade-* header containing a list of
client-supported API names, the server responds with a response
containing information about available services. This includes
the normal capabilities string. So if the server doesn't support
any newer services, the client can easily fall back.

By advertising supported services from clients, server operators
can see and log what client support exists in the wild. This will
also help with debugging.

The response contains the base path to API services. We know there
are potential issues with the <repo>/api/ URL space conflicting with
hgwebdir and subrepos. By making the API URL dynamic from the
perspective of the client, the URL for APIs is not subject to backwards
compatibility concerns - at least as long as a ?cmd=capabilities request
is made.

We've also defined the ``cbor`` client capability for the X-HgProto-*
header. This MUST be sent in order to get the modern response from
"?cmd=capabilities". During implementation, I initially always sent
an application/mercurial-cbor response. However, the handshake
mechanism will be more future compatible if the client is in charge
of which formats to request. We already perform content negotiation
from X-HgProto-*, so keying off this for the capabilities response
feels appropriate.

In addition, I initially used application/cbor. However, it is
conceivable that a non-Mercurial server could serve application/cbor.
To rule out this possibility, I've invented a new media type that
is Mercurial specific and can't be confused for generic CBOR.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D3242

Tests about metadataonlyctx

  $ hg init
  $ echo A > A
  $ hg commit -A A -m 'Add A'
  $ echo B > B
  $ hg commit -A B -m 'Add B'
  $ hg rm A
  $ echo C > C
  $ echo B2 > B
  $ hg add C -q
  $ hg commit -m 'Remove A'

  $ cat > metaedit.py <<EOF
  > from __future__ import absolute_import
  > from mercurial import context, pycompat, registrar
  > cmdtable = {}
  > command = registrar.command(cmdtable)
  > @command(b'metaedit')
  > def metaedit(ui, repo, arg):
  >     # Modify commit message to "FOO"
  >     with repo.wlock(), repo.lock(), repo.transaction(b'metaedit'):
  >         old = repo[b'.']
  >         kwargs = dict(s.split(b'=', 1) for s in arg.split(b';'))
  >         if 'parents' in kwargs:
  >             kwargs[b'parents'] = kwargs[b'parents'].split(b',')
  >         new = context.metadataonlyctx(repo, old,
  >                                       **pycompat.strkwargs(kwargs))
  >         new.commit()
  > EOF
  $ hg --config extensions.metaedit=$TESTTMP/metaedit.py metaedit 'text=Changed'
  $ hg log -r tip
  changeset:   3:ad83e9e00ec9
  tag:         tip
  parent:      1:3afb7afe6632
  user:        test
  date:        Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
  summary:     Changed
  
  $ hg --config extensions.metaedit=$TESTTMP/metaedit.py metaedit 'parents=0' 2>&1 | egrep '^RuntimeError'
  RuntimeError: can't reuse the manifest: its p1 doesn't match the new ctx p1

  $ hg --config extensions.metaedit=$TESTTMP/metaedit.py metaedit 'user=foo <[e-mail]>'
  $ hg log -r tip
  changeset:   4:1f86eaeca92b
  tag:         tip
  parent:      1:3afb7afe6632
  user:        foo <[e-mail]>
  date:        Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
  summary:     Remove A