mercurial/help/merge-tools.txt

exewrapper: adapt for legacy HackableMercurial

We give up using CPython's PythonXX.lib import libraries (and Python.h), and
now "manually" call the LoadLibrary() / GetProcAddress() Windows API's instead.

If there is a "hg-python" subdirectory (the canonical directory name for
HackableMercurial's private Python copy) next to the hg.exe, we load the
pythonXX.dll from there (feeding an absolute path to LoadLibrary) and we set
Py_SetPythonHome() to that directory, so that the Python libraries are used
from there as well.

If there is no "hg-python" subdir found next to the hg.exe, we do not feed an
absolute path to LoadLibrary. This continues to allow to find a globally
installed Python DLL, as before this change - that is, without having to edit,
delete, rename, or configure anything.

Note that the hg.exe built is still bound to a *specific* major version of the
pythonXX.dll (e.g. python27.dll). What version it is, is inferred from the
version of the python interpreter that was used when calling setup.py. For
example

  C:\python27_x86\python.exe setup.py build_hgexe -i --compiler=mingw32

builds a hg.exe (using the mingw32 tool chain) bound to (x86) Python 2.7. And

  C:\python27_x86\python.exe setup.py build_hgexe -i

builds the same using the Microsoft C compiler/linker. (Note that the Microsoft
toolchain combined with x64 CPython can be used to build an x64 hg.exe.)

setup.py is changed to write the name of the pythonlib into the generated header
file "mercurial/hgpythonlib.h", which is #included by exewrapper.c. For a Python
2.7 build, it for example contains:

  #define HGPYTHONLIB "python27"

exewrapper.c then uses HGPYTHONLIB for the name of the Python dll to load.

We don't want to track mercurial/hgpythonlib.h, so we add it to .hgignore.

To merge files Mercurial uses merge tools.

A merge tool combines two different versions of a file into a merged
file. Merge tools are given the two files and the greatest common
ancestor of the two file versions, so they can determine the changes
made on both branches.

Merge tools are used both for :hg:`resolve`, :hg:`merge`, :hg:`update`,
:hg:`backout` and in several extensions.

Usually, the merge tool tries to automatically reconcile the files by
combining all non-overlapping changes that occurred separately in
the two different evolutions of the same initial base file. Furthermore, some
interactive merge programs make it easier to manually resolve
conflicting merges, either in a graphical way, or by inserting some
conflict markers. Mercurial does not include any interactive merge
programs but relies on external tools for that.

Available merge tools
=====================

External merge tools and their properties are configured in the
merge-tools configuration section - see hgrc(5) - but they can often just
be named by their executable.

A merge tool is generally usable if its executable can be found on the
system and if it can handle the merge. The executable is found if it
is an absolute or relative executable path or the name of an
application in the executable search path. The tool is assumed to be
able to handle the merge if it can handle symlinks if the file is a
symlink, if it can handle binary files if the file is binary, and if a
GUI is available if the tool requires a GUI.

There are some internal merge tools which can be used. The internal
merge tools are:

.. internaltoolsmarker

Internal tools are always available and do not require a GUI but will by default
not handle symlinks or binary files.

Choosing a merge tool
=====================

Mercurial uses these rules when deciding which merge tool to use:

1. If a tool has been specified with the --tool option to merge or resolve, it
   is used.  If it is the name of a tool in the merge-tools configuration, its
   configuration is used. Otherwise the specified tool must be executable by
   the shell.

2. If the ``HGMERGE`` environment variable is present, its value is used and
   must be executable by the shell.

3. If the filename of the file to be merged matches any of the patterns in the
   merge-patterns configuration section, the first usable merge tool
   corresponding to a matching pattern is used. Here, binary capabilities of the
   merge tool are not considered.

4. If ui.merge is set it will be considered next. If the value is not the name
   of a configured tool, the specified value is used and must be executable by
   the shell. Otherwise the named tool is used if it is usable.

5. If any usable merge tools are present in the merge-tools configuration
   section, the one with the highest priority is used.

6. If a program named ``hgmerge`` can be found on the system, it is used - but
   it will by default not be used for symlinks and binary files.

7. If the file to be merged is not binary and is not a symlink, then
   ``internal:merge`` is used.

8. The merge of the file fails and must be resolved before commit.

.. note::
   After selecting a merge program, Mercurial will by default attempt
   to merge the files using a simple merge algorithm first. Only if it doesn't
   succeed because of conflicting changes Mercurial will actually execute the
   merge program. Whether to use the simple merge algorithm first can be
   controlled by the premerge setting of the merge tool. Premerge is enabled by
   default unless the file is binary or a symlink.

See the merge-tools and ui sections of hgrc(5) for details on the
configuration of merge tools.