dirstate: perform transactions with _map using single call, where possible
This is in the same style as https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D493.
In general, this replaces patterns such as:
```
f in self._map:
entry = self._map[f]
```
with:
```
entry = self._map.get(f):
if entry is not None:
# use entry
```
Test Plan:
`make tests`
Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D663
syntax: glob
*.elc
*.tmp
*.orig
*.rej
*~
*.mergebackup
*.o
*.so
*.dll
*.exe
*.pyd
*.pyc
*.pyo
*$py.class
*.swp
*.prof
*.zip
\#*\#
.\#*
tests/.coverage*
tests/.testtimes*
tests/.hypothesis
tests/hypothesis-generated
tests/annotated
tests/*.err
tests/htmlcov
build
contrib/chg/chg
contrib/hgsh/hgsh
contrib/vagrant/.vagrant
contrib/docker/debian-*
contrib/docker/ubuntu-*
dist
packages
doc/common.txt
doc/*.[0-9]
doc/*.[0-9].txt
doc/*.[0-9].gendoc.txt
doc/*.[0-9].{x,ht}ml
MANIFEST
MANIFEST.in
patches
mercurial/__modulepolicy__.py
mercurial/__version__.py
mercurial/hgpythonlib.h
mercurial.egg-info
.DS_Store
tags
cscope.*
.idea/*
.asv/*
i18n/hg.pot
locale/*/LC_MESSAGES/hg.mo
hgext/__index__.py
# Generated wheels
wheelhouse/
syntax: regexp
^\.pc/
^\.(pydev)?project
# hackable windows distribution additions
^hg-python
^hg.py$