changelog: disable delta chains
This patch disables delta chains on changelogs. After this patch, new
entries on changelogs - including existing changelogs - will be stored
as the fulltext of that data (likely compressed). No delta computation
will be performed.
An overview of delta chains and data justifying this change follows.
Revlogs try to store entries as a delta against a previous entry (either
a parent revision in the case of generaldelta or the previous physical
revision when not using generaldelta). Most of the time this is the
correct thing to do: it frequently results in less CPU usage and smaller
storage.
Delta chains are most effective when the base revision being deltad
against is similar to the current data. This tends to occur naturally
for manifests and file data, since only small parts of each tend to
change with each revision. Changelogs, however, are a different story.
Changelog entries represent changesets/commits. And unless commits in a
repository are homogonous (same author, changing same files, similar
commit messages, etc), a delta from one entry to the next tends to be
relatively large compared to the size of the entry. This means that
delta chains tend to be short. How short? Here is the full vs delta
revision breakdown on some real world repos:
Repo % Full % Delta Max Length
hg 45.8 54.2 6
mozilla-central 42.4 57.6 8
mozilla-unified 42.5 57.5 17
pypy 46.1 53.9 6
python-zstandard 46.1 53.9 3
(I threw in python-zstandard as an example of a repo that is homogonous.
It contains a small Python project with changes all from the same
author.)
Contrast this with the manifest revlog for these repos, where 99+% of
revisions are deltas and delta chains run into the thousands.
So delta chains aren't as useful on changelogs. But even a short delta
chain may provide benefits. Let's measure that.
Delta chains may require less CPU to read revisions if the CPU time
spent reading smaller deltas is less than the CPU time used to
decompress larger individual entries. We can measure this via
`hg perfrevlog -c -d 1` to iterate a revlog to resolve each revision's
fulltext. Here are the results of that command on a repo using delta
chains in its changelog and on a repo without delta chains:
hg (forward)
! wall 0.407008 comb 0.410000 user 0.410000 sys 0.000000 (best of 25)
! wall 0.390061 comb 0.390000 user 0.390000 sys 0.000000 (best of 26)
hg (reverse)
! wall 0.515221 comb 0.520000 user 0.520000 sys 0.000000 (best of 19)
! wall 0.400018 comb 0.400000 user 0.390000 sys 0.010000 (best of 25)
mozilla-central (forward)
! wall 4.508296 comb 4.490000 user 4.490000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3)
! wall 4.370222 comb 4.370000 user 4.350000 sys 0.020000 (best of 3)
mozilla-central (reverse)
! wall 5.758995 comb 5.760000 user 5.720000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
! wall 4.346503 comb 4.340000 user 4.320000 sys 0.020000 (best of 3)
mozilla-unified (forward)
! wall 4.957088 comb 4.950000 user 4.940000 sys 0.010000 (best of 3)
! wall 4.660528 comb 4.650000 user 4.630000 sys 0.020000 (best of 3)
mozilla-unified (reverse)
! wall 6.119827 comb 6.110000 user 6.090000 sys 0.020000 (best of 3)
! wall 4.675136 comb 4.670000 user 4.670000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3)
pypy (forward)
! wall 1.231122 comb 1.240000 user 1.230000 sys 0.010000 (best of 8)
! wall 1.164896 comb 1.160000 user 1.160000 sys 0.000000 (best of 9)
pypy (reverse)
! wall 1.467049 comb 1.460000 user 1.460000 sys 0.000000 (best of 7)
! wall 1.160200 comb 1.170000 user 1.160000 sys 0.010000 (best of 9)
The data clearly shows that it takes less wall and CPU time to resolve
revisions when there are no delta chains in the changelogs, regardless
of the direction of traversal. Furthermore, not using a delta chain
means that fulltext resolution in reverse is as fast as iterating
forward. So not using delta chains on the changelog is a clear CPU win
for reading operations.
An example of a user-visible operation showing this speed-up is revset
evaluation. Here are results for
`hg perfrevset 'author(gps) or author(mpm)'`:
hg
! wall 1.655506 comb 1.660000 user 1.650000 sys 0.010000 (best of 6)
! wall 1.612723 comb 1.610000 user 1.600000 sys 0.010000 (best of 7)
mozilla-central
! wall 17.629826 comb 17.640000 user 17.600000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
! wall 17.311033 comb 17.300000 user 17.260000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
What about 00changelog.i size?
Repo Delta Chains No Delta Chains
hg 7,033,250 6,976,771
mozilla-central 82,978,748 81,574,623
mozilla-unified 88,112,349 86,702,162
pypy 20,740,699 20,659,741
The data shows that removing delta chains from the changelog makes the
changelog smaller.
Delta chains are also used during changegroup generation. This
operation essentially converts a series of revisions to one large
delta chain. And changegroup generation is smart: if the delta in
the revlog matches what the changegroup is emitting, it will reuse
the delta instead of recalculating it. We can measure the impact
removing changelog delta chains has on changegroup generation via
`hg perfchangegroupchangelog`:
hg
! wall 1.589245 comb 1.590000 user 1.590000 sys 0.000000 (best of 7)
! wall 1.788060 comb 1.790000 user 1.790000 sys 0.000000 (best of 6)
mozilla-central
! wall 17.382585 comb 17.380000 user 17.340000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
! wall 20.161357 comb 20.160000 user 20.120000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
mozilla-unified
! wall 18.722839 comb 18.720000 user 18.680000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
! wall 21.168075 comb 21.170000 user 21.130000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
pypy
! wall 4.828317 comb 4.830000 user 4.820000 sys 0.010000 (best of 3)
! wall 5.415455 comb 5.420000 user 5.410000 sys 0.010000 (best of 3)
The data shows eliminating delta chains makes the changelog part of
changegroup generation slower. This is expected since we now have to
compute deltas for revisions where we could recycle the delta before.
It is worth putting this regression into context of overall changegroup
times. Here is the rough total CPU time spent in changegroup generation
for various repos while using delta chains on the changelog:
Repo CPU Time (s) CPU Time w/ compression
hg 4.50 7.05
mozilla-central 111.1 222.0
pypy 28.68 75.5
Before compression, removing delta chains from the changegroup adds
~4.4% overhead to hg changegroup generation, 1.3% to mozilla-central,
and 2.0% to pypy. When you factor in zlib compression, these percentages
are roughly divided by 2.
While the increased CPU usage for changegroup generation is unfortunate,
I think it is acceptable because the percentage is small, server
operators (those likely impacted most by this) have other mechanisms
to mitigate CPU consumption (namely reducing zlib compression level and
pre-generated clone bundles), and because there is room to optimize this
in the future. For example, we could use the nullid as the base revision,
effectively encoding the full revision for each entry in the changegroup.
When doing this, `hg perfchangegroupchangelog` nearly halves:
mozilla-unified
! wall 21.168075 comb 21.170000 user 21.130000 sys 0.040000 (best of 3)
! wall 11.196461 comb 11.200000 user 11.190000 sys 0.010000 (best of 3)
This looks very promising as a future optimization opportunity.
It's worth that the changes in test-acl.t to the changegroup part size.
This is because revision 6 in the changegroup had a delta chain of
length 2 before and after this patch the base revision is nullrev.
When the base revision is nullrev, cg2packer.deltaparent() hardcodes
the *previous* revision from the changegroup as the delta parent.
This caused the delta in the changegroup to switch base revisions,
the delta to change, and the size to change accordingly. While the
size increased in this case, I think sizes will remain the same
on average, as the delta base for changelog revisions doesn't matter
too much (as this patch shows). So, I don't consider this a regression.
Criss cross merging
$ hg init criss-cross
$ cd criss-cross
$ echo '0 base' > f1
$ echo '0 base' > f2
$ hg ci -Aqm '0 base'
$ echo '1 first change' > f1
$ hg ci -m '1 first change f1'
$ hg up -qr0
$ echo '2 first change' > f2
$ hg ci -qm '2 first change f2'
$ hg merge -qr 1
$ hg ci -m '3 merge'
$ hg up -qr2
$ hg merge -qr1
$ hg ci -qm '4 merge'
$ echo '5 second change' > f1
$ hg ci -m '5 second change f1'
$ hg up -r3
1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
$ echo '6 second change' > f2
$ hg ci -m '6 second change f2'
$ hg log -G
@ changeset: 6:3b08d01b0ab5
| tag: tip
| parent: 3:cf89f02107e5
| user: test
| date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
| summary: 6 second change f2
|
| o changeset: 5:adfe50279922
| | user: test
| | date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
| | summary: 5 second change f1
| |
| o changeset: 4:7d3e55501ae6
| |\ parent: 2:40663881a6dd
| | | parent: 1:0f6b37dbe527
| | | user: test
| | | date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
| | | summary: 4 merge
| | |
o---+ changeset: 3:cf89f02107e5
| | | parent: 2:40663881a6dd
|/ / parent: 1:0f6b37dbe527
| | user: test
| | date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
| | summary: 3 merge
| |
| o changeset: 2:40663881a6dd
| | parent: 0:40494bf2444c
| | user: test
| | date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
| | summary: 2 first change f2
| |
o | changeset: 1:0f6b37dbe527
|/ user: test
| date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
| summary: 1 first change f1
|
o changeset: 0:40494bf2444c
user: test
date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
summary: 0 base
$ hg merge -v --debug --tool internal:dump 5 --config merge.preferancestor='!'
note: using 0f6b37dbe527 as ancestor of 3b08d01b0ab5 and adfe50279922
alternatively, use --config merge.preferancestor=40663881a6dd
searching for copies back to rev 3
resolving manifests
branchmerge: True, force: False, partial: False
ancestor: 0f6b37dbe527, local: 3b08d01b0ab5+, remote: adfe50279922
preserving f2 for resolve of f2
f1: remote is newer -> g
getting f1
f2: versions differ -> m (premerge)
picked tool ':dump' for f2 (binary False symlink False changedelete False)
merging f2
my f2@3b08d01b0ab5+ other f2@adfe50279922 ancestor f2@0f6b37dbe527
f2: versions differ -> m (merge)
picked tool ':dump' for f2 (binary False symlink False changedelete False)
my f2@3b08d01b0ab5+ other f2@adfe50279922 ancestor f2@0f6b37dbe527
1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 1 files unresolved
use 'hg resolve' to retry unresolved file merges or 'hg update -C .' to abandon
[1]
$ head *
==> f1 <==
5 second change
==> f2 <==
6 second change
==> f2.base <==
0 base
==> f2.local <==
6 second change
==> f2.orig <==
6 second change
==> f2.other <==
2 first change
$ hg up -qC .
$ hg merge -v --tool internal:dump 5 --config merge.preferancestor="null 40663881 3b08d"
note: using 40663881a6dd as ancestor of 3b08d01b0ab5 and adfe50279922
alternatively, use --config merge.preferancestor=0f6b37dbe527
resolving manifests
merging f1
0 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 1 files unresolved
use 'hg resolve' to retry unresolved file merges or 'hg update -C .' to abandon
[1]
Redo merge with merge.preferancestor="*" to enable bid merge
$ rm f*
$ hg up -qC .
$ hg merge -v --debug --tool internal:dump 5 --config merge.preferancestor="*"
note: merging 3b08d01b0ab5+ and adfe50279922 using bids from ancestors 0f6b37dbe527 and 40663881a6dd
calculating bids for ancestor 0f6b37dbe527
searching for copies back to rev 3
resolving manifests
branchmerge: True, force: False, partial: False
ancestor: 0f6b37dbe527, local: 3b08d01b0ab5+, remote: adfe50279922
f1: remote is newer -> g
f2: versions differ -> m
calculating bids for ancestor 40663881a6dd
searching for copies back to rev 3
resolving manifests
branchmerge: True, force: False, partial: False
ancestor: 40663881a6dd, local: 3b08d01b0ab5+, remote: adfe50279922
f1: versions differ -> m
f2: remote unchanged -> k
auction for merging merge bids
f1: picking 'get' action
f2: picking 'keep' action
end of auction
f1: remote is newer -> g
getting f1
f2: remote unchanged -> k
1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ head *
==> f1 <==
5 second change
==> f2 <==
6 second change
The other way around:
$ hg up -C -r5
2 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
$ hg merge -v --debug --config merge.preferancestor="*"
note: merging adfe50279922+ and 3b08d01b0ab5 using bids from ancestors 0f6b37dbe527 and 40663881a6dd
calculating bids for ancestor 0f6b37dbe527
searching for copies back to rev 3
resolving manifests
branchmerge: True, force: False, partial: False
ancestor: 0f6b37dbe527, local: adfe50279922+, remote: 3b08d01b0ab5
f1: remote unchanged -> k
f2: versions differ -> m
calculating bids for ancestor 40663881a6dd
searching for copies back to rev 3
resolving manifests
branchmerge: True, force: False, partial: False
ancestor: 40663881a6dd, local: adfe50279922+, remote: 3b08d01b0ab5
f1: versions differ -> m
f2: remote is newer -> g
auction for merging merge bids
f1: picking 'keep' action
f2: picking 'get' action
end of auction
f2: remote is newer -> g
getting f2
f1: remote unchanged -> k
1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ head *
==> f1 <==
5 second change
==> f2 <==
6 second change
Verify how the output looks and and how verbose it is:
$ hg up -qC
$ hg merge
1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ hg up -qC tip
$ hg merge -v
note: merging 3b08d01b0ab5+ and adfe50279922 using bids from ancestors 0f6b37dbe527 and 40663881a6dd
calculating bids for ancestor 0f6b37dbe527
resolving manifests
calculating bids for ancestor 40663881a6dd
resolving manifests
auction for merging merge bids
f1: picking 'get' action
f2: picking 'keep' action
end of auction
getting f1
1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ hg up -qC
$ hg merge -v --debug --config merge.preferancestor="*"
note: merging 3b08d01b0ab5+ and adfe50279922 using bids from ancestors 0f6b37dbe527 and 40663881a6dd
calculating bids for ancestor 0f6b37dbe527
searching for copies back to rev 3
resolving manifests
branchmerge: True, force: False, partial: False
ancestor: 0f6b37dbe527, local: 3b08d01b0ab5+, remote: adfe50279922
f1: remote is newer -> g
f2: versions differ -> m
calculating bids for ancestor 40663881a6dd
searching for copies back to rev 3
resolving manifests
branchmerge: True, force: False, partial: False
ancestor: 40663881a6dd, local: 3b08d01b0ab5+, remote: adfe50279922
f1: versions differ -> m
f2: remote unchanged -> k
auction for merging merge bids
f1: picking 'get' action
f2: picking 'keep' action
end of auction
f1: remote is newer -> g
getting f1
f2: remote unchanged -> k
1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ cd ..
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9350005/how-do-i-specify-a-merge-base-to-use-in-a-hg-merge/9430810
$ hg init ancestor-merging
$ cd ancestor-merging
$ echo a > x
$ hg commit -A -m a x
$ hg update -q 0
$ echo b >> x
$ hg commit -m b
$ hg update -q 0
$ echo c >> x
$ hg commit -qm c
$ hg update -q 1
$ hg merge -q --tool internal:local 2
$ echo c >> x
$ hg commit -m bc
$ hg update -q 2
$ hg merge -q --tool internal:local 1
$ echo b >> x
$ hg commit -qm cb
$ hg merge --config merge.preferancestor='!'
note: using 70008a2163f6 as ancestor of 0d355fdef312 and 4b8b546a3eef
alternatively, use --config merge.preferancestor=b211bbc6eb3c
merging x
0 files updated, 1 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ cat x
a
c
b
c
$ hg up -qC .
$ hg merge --config merge.preferancestor=b211bbc6eb3c
note: using b211bbc6eb3c as ancestor of 0d355fdef312 and 4b8b546a3eef
alternatively, use --config merge.preferancestor=70008a2163f6
merging x
0 files updated, 1 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ cat x
a
b
c
b
$ hg up -qC .
$ hg merge -v --config merge.preferancestor="*"
note: merging 0d355fdef312+ and 4b8b546a3eef using bids from ancestors 70008a2163f6 and b211bbc6eb3c
calculating bids for ancestor 70008a2163f6
resolving manifests
calculating bids for ancestor b211bbc6eb3c
resolving manifests
auction for merging merge bids
x: multiple bids for merge action:
versions differ -> m
versions differ -> m
x: ambiguous merge - picked m action
end of auction
merging x
0 files updated, 1 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
$ cat x
a
c
b
c
Verify that the old context ancestor works with / despite preferancestor:
$ hg log -r 'ancestor(head())' --config merge.preferancestor=1 -T '{rev}\n'
1
$ hg log -r 'ancestor(head())' --config merge.preferancestor=2 -T '{rev}\n'
2
$ hg log -r 'ancestor(head())' --config merge.preferancestor=3 -T '{rev}\n'
1
$ hg log -r 'ancestor(head())' --config merge.preferancestor='1337 * - 2' -T '{rev}\n'
2
$ cd ..