py3: use system strings when calling __import__
We must pass the native str type when importing.
Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D2154
# obsutil.py - utility functions for obsolescence
#
# Copyright 2017 Boris Feld <boris.feld@octobus.net>
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
from __future__ import absolute_import
import re
from .i18n import _
from . import (
node as nodemod,
phases,
util,
)
class marker(object):
"""Wrap obsolete marker raw data"""
def __init__(self, repo, data):
# the repo argument will be used to create changectx in later version
self._repo = repo
self._data = data
self._decodedmeta = None
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self._data)
def __eq__(self, other):
if type(other) != type(self):
return False
return self._data == other._data
def prednode(self):
"""Predecessor changeset node identifier"""
return self._data[0]
def succnodes(self):
"""List of successor changesets node identifiers"""
return self._data[1]
def parentnodes(self):
"""Parents of the predecessors (None if not recorded)"""
return self._data[5]
def metadata(self):
"""Decoded metadata dictionary"""
return dict(self._data[3])
def date(self):
"""Creation date as (unixtime, offset)"""
return self._data[4]
def flags(self):
"""The flags field of the marker"""
return self._data[2]
def getmarkers(repo, nodes=None, exclusive=False):
"""returns markers known in a repository
If <nodes> is specified, only markers "relevant" to those nodes are are
returned"""
if nodes is None:
rawmarkers = repo.obsstore
elif exclusive:
rawmarkers = exclusivemarkers(repo, nodes)
else:
rawmarkers = repo.obsstore.relevantmarkers(nodes)
for markerdata in rawmarkers:
yield marker(repo, markerdata)
def closestpredecessors(repo, nodeid):
"""yield the list of next predecessors pointing on visible changectx nodes
This function respect the repoview filtering, filtered revision will be
considered missing.
"""
precursors = repo.obsstore.predecessors
stack = [nodeid]
seen = set(stack)
while stack:
current = stack.pop()
currentpreccs = precursors.get(current, ())
for prec in currentpreccs:
precnodeid = prec[0]
# Basic cycle protection
if precnodeid in seen:
continue
seen.add(precnodeid)
if precnodeid in repo:
yield precnodeid
else:
stack.append(precnodeid)
def allpredecessors(obsstore, nodes, ignoreflags=0):
"""Yield node for every precursors of <nodes>.
Some precursors may be unknown locally.
This is a linear yield unsuited to detecting folded changesets. It includes
initial nodes too."""
remaining = set(nodes)
seen = set(remaining)
while remaining:
current = remaining.pop()
yield current
for mark in obsstore.predecessors.get(current, ()):
# ignore marker flagged with specified flag
if mark[2] & ignoreflags:
continue
suc = mark[0]
if suc not in seen:
seen.add(suc)
remaining.add(suc)
def allsuccessors(obsstore, nodes, ignoreflags=0):
"""Yield node for every successor of <nodes>.
Some successors may be unknown locally.
This is a linear yield unsuited to detecting split changesets. It includes
initial nodes too."""
remaining = set(nodes)
seen = set(remaining)
while remaining:
current = remaining.pop()
yield current
for mark in obsstore.successors.get(current, ()):
# ignore marker flagged with specified flag
if mark[2] & ignoreflags:
continue
for suc in mark[1]:
if suc not in seen:
seen.add(suc)
remaining.add(suc)
def _filterprunes(markers):
"""return a set with no prune markers"""
return set(m for m in markers if m[1])
def exclusivemarkers(repo, nodes):
"""set of markers relevant to "nodes" but no other locally-known nodes
This function compute the set of markers "exclusive" to a locally-known
node. This means we walk the markers starting from <nodes> until we reach a
locally-known precursors outside of <nodes>. Element of <nodes> with
locally-known successors outside of <nodes> are ignored (since their
precursors markers are also relevant to these successors).
For example:
# (A0 rewritten as A1)
#
# A0 <-1- A1 # Marker "1" is exclusive to A1
or
# (A0 rewritten as AX; AX rewritten as A1; AX is unkown locally)
#
# <-1- A0 <-2- AX <-3- A1 # Marker "2,3" are exclusive to A1
or
# (A0 has unknown precursors, A0 rewritten as A1 and A2 (divergence))
#
# <-2- A1 # Marker "2" is exclusive to A0,A1
# /
# <-1- A0
# \
# <-3- A2 # Marker "3" is exclusive to A0,A2
#
# in addition:
#
# Markers "2,3" are exclusive to A1,A2
# Markers "1,2,3" are exclusive to A0,A1,A2
See test/test-obsolete-bundle-strip.t for more examples.
An example usage is strip. When stripping a changeset, we also want to
strip the markers exclusive to this changeset. Otherwise we would have
"dangling"" obsolescence markers from its precursors: Obsolescence markers
marking a node as obsolete without any successors available locally.
As for relevant markers, the prune markers for children will be followed.
Of course, they will only be followed if the pruned children is
locally-known. Since the prune markers are relevant to the pruned node.
However, while prune markers are considered relevant to the parent of the
pruned changesets, prune markers for locally-known changeset (with no
successors) are considered exclusive to the pruned nodes. This allows
to strip the prune markers (with the rest of the exclusive chain) alongside
the pruned changesets.
"""
# running on a filtered repository would be dangerous as markers could be
# reported as exclusive when they are relevant for other filtered nodes.
unfi = repo.unfiltered()
# shortcut to various useful item
nm = unfi.changelog.nodemap
precursorsmarkers = unfi.obsstore.predecessors
successormarkers = unfi.obsstore.successors
childrenmarkers = unfi.obsstore.children
# exclusive markers (return of the function)
exclmarkers = set()
# we need fast membership testing
nodes = set(nodes)
# looking for head in the obshistory
#
# XXX we are ignoring all issues in regard with cycle for now.
stack = [n for n in nodes if not _filterprunes(successormarkers.get(n, ()))]
stack.sort()
# nodes already stacked
seennodes = set(stack)
while stack:
current = stack.pop()
# fetch precursors markers
markers = list(precursorsmarkers.get(current, ()))
# extend the list with prune markers
for mark in successormarkers.get(current, ()):
if not mark[1]:
markers.append(mark)
# and markers from children (looking for prune)
for mark in childrenmarkers.get(current, ()):
if not mark[1]:
markers.append(mark)
# traverse the markers
for mark in markers:
if mark in exclmarkers:
# markers already selected
continue
# If the markers is about the current node, select it
#
# (this delay the addition of markers from children)
if mark[1] or mark[0] == current:
exclmarkers.add(mark)
# should we keep traversing through the precursors?
prec = mark[0]
# nodes in the stack or already processed
if prec in seennodes:
continue
# is this a locally known node ?
known = prec in nm
# if locally-known and not in the <nodes> set the traversal
# stop here.
if known and prec not in nodes:
continue
# do not keep going if there are unselected markers pointing to this
# nodes. If we end up traversing these unselected markers later the
# node will be taken care of at that point.
precmarkers = _filterprunes(successormarkers.get(prec))
if precmarkers.issubset(exclmarkers):
seennodes.add(prec)
stack.append(prec)
return exclmarkers
def foreground(repo, nodes):
"""return all nodes in the "foreground" of other node
The foreground of a revision is anything reachable using parent -> children
or precursor -> successor relation. It is very similar to "descendant" but
augmented with obsolescence information.
Beware that possible obsolescence cycle may result if complex situation.
"""
repo = repo.unfiltered()
foreground = set(repo.set('%ln::', nodes))
if repo.obsstore:
# We only need this complicated logic if there is obsolescence
# XXX will probably deserve an optimised revset.
nm = repo.changelog.nodemap
plen = -1
# compute the whole set of successors or descendants
while len(foreground) != plen:
plen = len(foreground)
succs = set(c.node() for c in foreground)
mutable = [c.node() for c in foreground if c.mutable()]
succs.update(allsuccessors(repo.obsstore, mutable))
known = (n for n in succs if n in nm)
foreground = set(repo.set('%ln::', known))
return set(c.node() for c in foreground)
# effectflag field
#
# Effect-flag is a 1-byte bit field used to store what changed between a
# changeset and its successor(s).
#
# The effect flag is stored in obs-markers metadata while we iterate on the
# information design. That's why we have the EFFECTFLAGFIELD. If we come up
# with an incompatible design for effect flag, we can store a new design under
# another field name so we don't break readers. We plan to extend the existing
# obsmarkers bit-field when the effect flag design will be stabilized.
#
# The effect-flag is placed behind an experimental flag
# `effect-flags` set to off by default.
#
EFFECTFLAGFIELD = "ef1"
DESCCHANGED = 1 << 0 # action changed the description
METACHANGED = 1 << 1 # action change the meta
DIFFCHANGED = 1 << 3 # action change diff introduced by the changeset
PARENTCHANGED = 1 << 2 # action change the parent
USERCHANGED = 1 << 4 # the user changed
DATECHANGED = 1 << 5 # the date changed
BRANCHCHANGED = 1 << 6 # the branch changed
METABLACKLIST = [
re.compile('^branch$'),
re.compile('^.*-source$'),
re.compile('^.*_source$'),
re.compile('^source$'),
]
def metanotblacklisted(metaitem):
""" Check that the key of a meta item (extrakey, extravalue) does not
match at least one of the blacklist pattern
"""
metakey = metaitem[0]
return not any(pattern.match(metakey) for pattern in METABLACKLIST)
def _prepare_hunk(hunk):
"""Drop all information but the username and patch"""
cleanhunk = []
for line in hunk.splitlines():
if line.startswith(b'# User') or not line.startswith(b'#'):
if line.startswith(b'@@'):
line = b'@@\n'
cleanhunk.append(line)
return cleanhunk
def _getdifflines(iterdiff):
"""return a cleaned up lines"""
lines = next(iterdiff, None)
if lines is None:
return lines
return _prepare_hunk(lines)
def _cmpdiff(leftctx, rightctx):
"""return True if both ctx introduce the "same diff"
This is a first and basic implementation, with many shortcoming.
"""
# Leftctx or right ctx might be filtered, so we need to use the contexts
# with an unfiltered repository to safely compute the diff
leftunfi = leftctx._repo.unfiltered()[leftctx.rev()]
leftdiff = leftunfi.diff(git=1)
rightunfi = rightctx._repo.unfiltered()[rightctx.rev()]
rightdiff = rightunfi.diff(git=1)
left, right = (0, 0)
while None not in (left, right):
left = _getdifflines(leftdiff)
right = _getdifflines(rightdiff)
if left != right:
return False
return True
def geteffectflag(relation):
""" From an obs-marker relation, compute what changed between the
predecessor and the successor.
"""
effects = 0
source = relation[0]
for changectx in relation[1]:
# Check if description has changed
if changectx.description() != source.description():
effects |= DESCCHANGED
# Check if user has changed
if changectx.user() != source.user():
effects |= USERCHANGED
# Check if date has changed
if changectx.date() != source.date():
effects |= DATECHANGED
# Check if branch has changed
if changectx.branch() != source.branch():
effects |= BRANCHCHANGED
# Check if at least one of the parent has changed
if changectx.parents() != source.parents():
effects |= PARENTCHANGED
# Check if other meta has changed
changeextra = changectx.extra().items()
ctxmeta = list(filter(metanotblacklisted, changeextra))
sourceextra = source.extra().items()
srcmeta = list(filter(metanotblacklisted, sourceextra))
if ctxmeta != srcmeta:
effects |= METACHANGED
# Check if the diff has changed
if not _cmpdiff(source, changectx):
effects |= DIFFCHANGED
return effects
def getobsoleted(repo, tr):
"""return the set of pre-existing revisions obsoleted by a transaction"""
torev = repo.unfiltered().changelog.nodemap.get
phase = repo._phasecache.phase
succsmarkers = repo.obsstore.successors.get
public = phases.public
addedmarkers = tr.changes.get('obsmarkers')
addedrevs = tr.changes.get('revs')
seenrevs = set()
obsoleted = set()
for mark in addedmarkers:
node = mark[0]
rev = torev(node)
if rev is None or rev in seenrevs or rev in addedrevs:
continue
seenrevs.add(rev)
if phase(repo, rev) == public:
continue
if set(succsmarkers(node) or []).issubset(addedmarkers):
obsoleted.add(rev)
return obsoleted
class _succs(list):
"""small class to represent a successors with some metadata about it"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(_succs, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.markers = set()
def copy(self):
new = _succs(self)
new.markers = self.markers.copy()
return new
@util.propertycache
def _set(self):
# immutable
return set(self)
def canmerge(self, other):
return self._set.issubset(other._set)
def successorssets(repo, initialnode, closest=False, cache=None):
"""Return set of all latest successors of initial nodes
The successors set of a changeset A are the group of revisions that succeed
A. It succeeds A as a consistent whole, each revision being only a partial
replacement. By default, the successors set contains non-obsolete
changesets only, walking the obsolescence graph until reaching a leaf. If
'closest' is set to True, closest successors-sets are return (the
obsolescence walk stops on known changesets).
This function returns the full list of successor sets which is why it
returns a list of tuples and not just a single tuple. Each tuple is a valid
successors set. Note that (A,) may be a valid successors set for changeset A
(see below).
In most cases, a changeset A will have a single element (e.g. the changeset
A is replaced by A') in its successors set. Though, it is also common for a
changeset A to have no elements in its successor set (e.g. the changeset
has been pruned). Therefore, the returned list of successors sets will be
[(A',)] or [], respectively.
When a changeset A is split into A' and B', however, it will result in a
successors set containing more than a single element, i.e. [(A',B')].
Divergent changesets will result in multiple successors sets, i.e. [(A',),
(A'')].
If a changeset A is not obsolete, then it will conceptually have no
successors set. To distinguish this from a pruned changeset, the successor
set will contain itself only, i.e. [(A,)].
Finally, final successors unknown locally are considered to be pruned
(pruned: obsoleted without any successors). (Final: successors not affected
by markers).
The 'closest' mode respect the repoview filtering. For example, without
filter it will stop at the first locally known changeset, with 'visible'
filter it will stop on visible changesets).
The optional `cache` parameter is a dictionary that may contains
precomputed successors sets. It is meant to reuse the computation of a
previous call to `successorssets` when multiple calls are made at the same
time. The cache dictionary is updated in place. The caller is responsible
for its life span. Code that makes multiple calls to `successorssets`
*should* use this cache mechanism or risk a performance hit.
Since results are different depending of the 'closest' most, the same cache
cannot be reused for both mode.
"""
succmarkers = repo.obsstore.successors
# Stack of nodes we search successors sets for
toproceed = [initialnode]
# set version of above list for fast loop detection
# element added to "toproceed" must be added here
stackedset = set(toproceed)
if cache is None:
cache = {}
# This while loop is the flattened version of a recursive search for
# successors sets
#
# def successorssets(x):
# successors = directsuccessors(x)
# ss = [[]]
# for succ in directsuccessors(x):
# # product as in itertools cartesian product
# ss = product(ss, successorssets(succ))
# return ss
#
# But we can not use plain recursive calls here:
# - that would blow the python call stack
# - obsolescence markers may have cycles, we need to handle them.
#
# The `toproceed` list act as our call stack. Every node we search
# successors set for are stacked there.
#
# The `stackedset` is set version of this stack used to check if a node is
# already stacked. This check is used to detect cycles and prevent infinite
# loop.
#
# successors set of all nodes are stored in the `cache` dictionary.
#
# After this while loop ends we use the cache to return the successors sets
# for the node requested by the caller.
while toproceed:
# Every iteration tries to compute the successors sets of the topmost
# node of the stack: CURRENT.
#
# There are four possible outcomes:
#
# 1) We already know the successors sets of CURRENT:
# -> mission accomplished, pop it from the stack.
# 2) Stop the walk:
# default case: Node is not obsolete
# closest case: Node is known at this repo filter level
# -> the node is its own successors sets. Add it to the cache.
# 3) We do not know successors set of direct successors of CURRENT:
# -> We add those successors to the stack.
# 4) We know successors sets of all direct successors of CURRENT:
# -> We can compute CURRENT successors set and add it to the
# cache.
#
current = toproceed[-1]
# case 2 condition is a bit hairy because of closest,
# we compute it on its own
case2condition = ((current not in succmarkers)
or (closest and current != initialnode
and current in repo))
if current in cache:
# case (1): We already know the successors sets
stackedset.remove(toproceed.pop())
elif case2condition:
# case (2): end of walk.
if current in repo:
# We have a valid successors.
cache[current] = [_succs((current,))]
else:
# Final obsolete version is unknown locally.
# Do not count that as a valid successors
cache[current] = []
else:
# cases (3) and (4)
#
# We proceed in two phases. Phase 1 aims to distinguish case (3)
# from case (4):
#
# For each direct successors of CURRENT, we check whether its
# successors sets are known. If they are not, we stack the
# unknown node and proceed to the next iteration of the while
# loop. (case 3)
#
# During this step, we may detect obsolescence cycles: a node
# with unknown successors sets but already in the call stack.
# In such a situation, we arbitrary set the successors sets of
# the node to nothing (node pruned) to break the cycle.
#
# If no break was encountered we proceed to phase 2.
#
# Phase 2 computes successors sets of CURRENT (case 4); see details
# in phase 2 itself.
#
# Note the two levels of iteration in each phase.
# - The first one handles obsolescence markers using CURRENT as
# precursor (successors markers of CURRENT).
#
# Having multiple entry here means divergence.
#
# - The second one handles successors defined in each marker.
#
# Having none means pruned node, multiple successors means split,
# single successors are standard replacement.
#
for mark in sorted(succmarkers[current]):
for suc in mark[1]:
if suc not in cache:
if suc in stackedset:
# cycle breaking
cache[suc] = []
else:
# case (3) If we have not computed successors sets
# of one of those successors we add it to the
# `toproceed` stack and stop all work for this
# iteration.
toproceed.append(suc)
stackedset.add(suc)
break
else:
continue
break
else:
# case (4): we know all successors sets of all direct
# successors
#
# Successors set contributed by each marker depends on the
# successors sets of all its "successors" node.
#
# Each different marker is a divergence in the obsolescence
# history. It contributes successors sets distinct from other
# markers.
#
# Within a marker, a successor may have divergent successors
# sets. In such a case, the marker will contribute multiple
# divergent successors sets. If multiple successors have
# divergent successors sets, a Cartesian product is used.
#
# At the end we post-process successors sets to remove
# duplicated entry and successors set that are strict subset of
# another one.
succssets = []
for mark in sorted(succmarkers[current]):
# successors sets contributed by this marker
base = _succs()
base.markers.add(mark)
markss = [base]
for suc in mark[1]:
# cardinal product with previous successors
productresult = []
for prefix in markss:
for suffix in cache[suc]:
newss = prefix.copy()
newss.markers.update(suffix.markers)
for part in suffix:
# do not duplicated entry in successors set
# first entry wins.
if part not in newss:
newss.append(part)
productresult.append(newss)
markss = productresult
succssets.extend(markss)
# remove duplicated and subset
seen = []
final = []
candidates = sorted((s for s in succssets if s),
key=len, reverse=True)
for cand in candidates:
for seensuccs in seen:
if cand.canmerge(seensuccs):
seensuccs.markers.update(cand.markers)
break
else:
final.append(cand)
seen.append(cand)
final.reverse() # put small successors set first
cache[current] = final
return cache[initialnode]
def successorsandmarkers(repo, ctx):
"""compute the raw data needed for computing obsfate
Returns a list of dict, one dict per successors set
"""
if not ctx.obsolete():
return None
ssets = successorssets(repo, ctx.node(), closest=True)
# closestsuccessors returns an empty list for pruned revisions, remap it
# into a list containing an empty list for future processing
if ssets == []:
ssets = [[]]
# Try to recover pruned markers
succsmap = repo.obsstore.successors
fullsuccessorsets = [] # successor set + markers
for sset in ssets:
if sset:
fullsuccessorsets.append(sset)
else:
# successorsset return an empty set() when ctx or one of its
# successors is pruned.
# In this case, walk the obs-markers tree again starting with ctx
# and find the relevant pruning obs-makers, the ones without
# successors.
# Having these markers allow us to compute some information about
# its fate, like who pruned this changeset and when.
# XXX we do not catch all prune markers (eg rewritten then pruned)
# (fix me later)
foundany = False
for mark in succsmap.get(ctx.node(), ()):
if not mark[1]:
foundany = True
sset = _succs()
sset.markers.add(mark)
fullsuccessorsets.append(sset)
if not foundany:
fullsuccessorsets.append(_succs())
values = []
for sset in fullsuccessorsets:
values.append({'successors': sset, 'markers': sset.markers})
return values
def _getobsfate(successorssets):
""" Compute a changeset obsolescence fate based on its successorssets.
Successors can be the tipmost ones or the immediate ones. This function
return values are not meant to be shown directly to users, it is meant to
be used by internal functions only.
Returns one fate from the following values:
- pruned
- diverged
- superseded
- superseded_split
"""
if len(successorssets) == 0:
# The commit has been pruned
return 'pruned'
elif len(successorssets) > 1:
return 'diverged'
else:
# No divergence, only one set of successors
successors = successorssets[0]
if len(successors) == 1:
return 'superseded'
else:
return 'superseded_split'
def obsfateverb(successorset, markers):
""" Return the verb summarizing the successorset and potentially using
information from the markers
"""
if not successorset:
verb = 'pruned'
elif len(successorset) == 1:
verb = 'rewritten'
else:
verb = 'split'
return verb
def markersdates(markers):
"""returns the list of dates for a list of markers
"""
return [m[4] for m in markers]
def markersusers(markers):
""" Returns a sorted list of markers users without duplicates
"""
markersmeta = [dict(m[3]) for m in markers]
users = set(meta.get('user') for meta in markersmeta if meta.get('user'))
return sorted(users)
def markersoperations(markers):
""" Returns a sorted list of markers operations without duplicates
"""
markersmeta = [dict(m[3]) for m in markers]
operations = set(meta.get('operation') for meta in markersmeta
if meta.get('operation'))
return sorted(operations)
def obsfateprinter(successors, markers, ui):
""" Build a obsfate string for a single successorset using all obsfate
related function defined in obsutil
"""
quiet = ui.quiet
verbose = ui.verbose
normal = not verbose and not quiet
line = []
# Verb
line.append(obsfateverb(successors, markers))
# Operations
operations = markersoperations(markers)
if operations:
line.append(" using %s" % ", ".join(operations))
# Successors
if successors:
fmtsuccessors = [successors.joinfmt(succ) for succ in successors]
line.append(" as %s" % ", ".join(fmtsuccessors))
# Users
users = markersusers(markers)
# Filter out current user in not verbose mode to reduce amount of
# information
if not verbose:
currentuser = ui.username(acceptempty=True)
if len(users) == 1 and currentuser in users:
users = None
if (verbose or normal) and users:
line.append(" by %s" % ", ".join(users))
# Date
dates = markersdates(markers)
if dates and verbose:
min_date = min(dates)
max_date = max(dates)
if min_date == max_date:
fmtmin_date = util.datestr(min_date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %1%2')
line.append(" (at %s)" % fmtmin_date)
else:
fmtmin_date = util.datestr(min_date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %1%2')
fmtmax_date = util.datestr(max_date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %1%2')
line.append(" (between %s and %s)" % (fmtmin_date, fmtmax_date))
return "".join(line)
filteredmsgtable = {
"pruned": _("hidden revision '%s' is pruned"),
"diverged": _("hidden revision '%s' has diverged"),
"superseded": _("hidden revision '%s' was rewritten as: %s"),
"superseded_split": _("hidden revision '%s' was split as: %s"),
"superseded_split_several": _("hidden revision '%s' was split as: %s and "
"%d more"),
}
def _getfilteredreason(repo, changeid, ctx):
"""return a human-friendly string on why a obsolete changeset is hidden
"""
successors = successorssets(repo, ctx.node())
fate = _getobsfate(successors)
# Be more precise in case the revision is superseded
if fate == 'pruned':
return filteredmsgtable['pruned'] % changeid
elif fate == 'diverged':
return filteredmsgtable['diverged'] % changeid
elif fate == 'superseded':
single_successor = nodemod.short(successors[0][0])
return filteredmsgtable['superseded'] % (changeid, single_successor)
elif fate == 'superseded_split':
succs = []
for node_id in successors[0]:
succs.append(nodemod.short(node_id))
if len(succs) <= 2:
fmtsuccs = ', '.join(succs)
return filteredmsgtable['superseded_split'] % (changeid, fmtsuccs)
else:
firstsuccessors = ', '.join(succs[:2])
remainingnumber = len(succs) - 2
args = (changeid, firstsuccessors, remainingnumber)
return filteredmsgtable['superseded_split_several'] % args