bundle2: convey PushkeyFailed error over the wire
We add a way to convey the precise exception. This will allow better error
message on the server.
# templater.py - template expansion for output
#
# Copyright 2005, 2006 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
from i18n import _
import os, re
import util, config, templatefilters, templatekw, parser, error
import revset as revsetmod
import types
import minirst
# template parsing
elements = {
"(": (20, ("group", 1, ")"), ("func", 1, ")")),
",": (2, None, ("list", 2)),
"|": (5, None, ("|", 5)),
"%": (6, None, ("%", 6)),
")": (0, None, None),
"integer": (0, ("integer",), None),
"symbol": (0, ("symbol",), None),
"string": (0, ("string",), None),
"rawstring": (0, ("rawstring",), None),
"end": (0, None, None),
}
def tokenizer(data):
program, start, end = data
pos = start
while pos < end:
c = program[pos]
if c.isspace(): # skip inter-token whitespace
pass
elif c in "(,)%|": # handle simple operators
yield (c, None, pos)
elif (c in '"\'' or c == 'r' and
program[pos:pos + 2] in ("r'", 'r"')): # handle quoted strings
if c == 'r':
pos += 1
c = program[pos]
decode = False
else:
decode = True
pos += 1
s = pos
while pos < end: # find closing quote
d = program[pos]
if decode and d == '\\': # skip over escaped characters
pos += 2
continue
if d == c:
if not decode:
yield ('rawstring', program[s:pos], s)
break
yield ('string', program[s:pos], s)
break
pos += 1
else:
raise error.ParseError(_("unterminated string"), s)
elif c.isdigit() or c == '-':
s = pos
if c == '-': # simply take negate operator as part of integer
pos += 1
if pos >= end or not program[pos].isdigit():
raise error.ParseError(_("integer literal without digits"), s)
pos += 1
while pos < end:
d = program[pos]
if not d.isdigit():
break
pos += 1
yield ('integer', program[s:pos], s)
pos -= 1
elif c.isalnum() or c in '_':
s = pos
pos += 1
while pos < end: # find end of symbol
d = program[pos]
if not (d.isalnum() or d == "_"):
break
pos += 1
sym = program[s:pos]
yield ('symbol', sym, s)
pos -= 1
elif c == '}':
pos += 1
break
else:
raise error.ParseError(_("syntax error"), pos)
pos += 1
yield ('end', None, pos)
def compiletemplate(tmpl, context, strtoken="string"):
parsed = []
pos, stop = 0, len(tmpl)
p = parser.parser(tokenizer, elements)
while pos < stop:
n = tmpl.find('{', pos)
if n < 0:
parsed.append((strtoken, tmpl[pos:]))
break
bs = (n - pos) - len(tmpl[pos:n].rstrip('\\'))
if strtoken == 'string' and bs % 2 == 1:
# escaped (e.g. '\{', '\\\{', but not '\\{' nor r'\{')
parsed.append((strtoken, (tmpl[pos:n - 1] + "{")))
pos = n + 1
continue
if n > pos:
parsed.append((strtoken, tmpl[pos:n]))
pd = [tmpl, n + 1, stop]
parseres, pos = p.parse(pd)
parsed.append(parseres)
return [compileexp(e, context, methods) for e in parsed]
def compileexp(exp, context, curmethods):
t = exp[0]
if t in curmethods:
return curmethods[t](exp, context)
raise error.ParseError(_("unknown method '%s'") % t)
# template evaluation
def getsymbol(exp):
if exp[0] == 'symbol':
return exp[1]
raise error.ParseError(_("expected a symbol, got '%s'") % exp[0])
def getlist(x):
if not x:
return []
if x[0] == 'list':
return getlist(x[1]) + [x[2]]
return [x]
def getfilter(exp, context):
f = getsymbol(exp)
if f not in context._filters:
raise error.ParseError(_("unknown function '%s'") % f)
return context._filters[f]
def gettemplate(exp, context):
if exp[0] == 'string' or exp[0] == 'rawstring':
return compiletemplate(exp[1], context, strtoken=exp[0])
if exp[0] == 'symbol':
return context._load(exp[1])
raise error.ParseError(_("expected template specifier"))
def runinteger(context, mapping, data):
return int(data)
def runstring(context, mapping, data):
return data.decode("string-escape")
def runrawstring(context, mapping, data):
return data
def runsymbol(context, mapping, key):
v = mapping.get(key)
if v is None:
v = context._defaults.get(key)
if v is None:
try:
v = context.process(key, mapping)
except TemplateNotFound:
v = ''
if callable(v):
return v(**mapping)
if isinstance(v, types.GeneratorType):
v = list(v)
return v
def buildfilter(exp, context):
func, data = compileexp(exp[1], context, methods)
filt = getfilter(exp[2], context)
return (runfilter, (func, data, filt))
def runfilter(context, mapping, data):
func, data, filt = data
# func() may return string, generator of strings or arbitrary object such
# as date tuple, but filter does not want generator.
thing = func(context, mapping, data)
if isinstance(thing, types.GeneratorType):
thing = stringify(thing)
try:
return filt(thing)
except (ValueError, AttributeError, TypeError):
if isinstance(data, tuple):
dt = data[1]
else:
dt = data
raise util.Abort(_("template filter '%s' is not compatible with "
"keyword '%s'") % (filt.func_name, dt))
def buildmap(exp, context):
func, data = compileexp(exp[1], context, methods)
ctmpl = gettemplate(exp[2], context)
return (runmap, (func, data, ctmpl))
def runtemplate(context, mapping, template):
for func, data in template:
yield func(context, mapping, data)
def runmap(context, mapping, data):
func, data, ctmpl = data
d = func(context, mapping, data)
if callable(d):
d = d()
lm = mapping.copy()
for i in d:
if isinstance(i, dict):
lm.update(i)
lm['originalnode'] = mapping.get('node')
yield runtemplate(context, lm, ctmpl)
else:
# v is not an iterable of dicts, this happen when 'key'
# has been fully expanded already and format is useless.
# If so, return the expanded value.
yield i
def buildfunc(exp, context):
n = getsymbol(exp[1])
args = [compileexp(x, context, exprmethods) for x in getlist(exp[2])]
if n in funcs:
f = funcs[n]
return (f, args)
if n in context._filters:
if len(args) != 1:
raise error.ParseError(_("filter %s expects one argument") % n)
f = context._filters[n]
return (runfilter, (args[0][0], args[0][1], f))
raise error.ParseError(_("unknown function '%s'") % n)
def date(context, mapping, args):
""":date(date[, fmt]): Format a date. See :hg:`help dates` for formatting
strings."""
if not (1 <= len(args) <= 2):
# i18n: "date" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("date expects one or two arguments"))
date = args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1])
fmt = None
if len(args) == 2:
fmt = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
try:
if fmt is None:
return util.datestr(date)
else:
return util.datestr(date, fmt)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
# i18n: "date" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("date expects a date information"))
def diff(context, mapping, args):
""":diff([includepattern [, excludepattern]]): Show a diff, optionally
specifying files to include or exclude."""
if len(args) > 2:
# i18n: "diff" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("diff expects one, two or no arguments"))
def getpatterns(i):
if i < len(args):
s = args[i][1].strip()
if s:
return [s]
return []
ctx = mapping['ctx']
chunks = ctx.diff(match=ctx.match([], getpatterns(0), getpatterns(1)))
return ''.join(chunks)
def fill(context, mapping, args):
""":fill(text[, width[, initialident[, hangindent]]]): Fill many
paragraphs with optional indentation. See the "fill" filter."""
if not (1 <= len(args) <= 4):
# i18n: "fill" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("fill expects one to four arguments"))
text = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
width = 76
initindent = ''
hangindent = ''
if 2 <= len(args) <= 4:
try:
width = int(stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1])))
except ValueError:
# i18n: "fill" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("fill expects an integer width"))
try:
initindent = stringify(_evalifliteral(args[2], context, mapping))
hangindent = stringify(_evalifliteral(args[3], context, mapping))
except IndexError:
pass
return templatefilters.fill(text, width, initindent, hangindent)
def pad(context, mapping, args):
""":pad(text, width[, fillchar=' '[, right=False]]): Pad text with a
fill character."""
if not (2 <= len(args) <= 4):
# i18n: "pad" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("pad() expects two to four arguments"))
width = int(args[1][1])
text = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
if args[0][0] == runstring:
text = stringify(runtemplate(context, mapping,
compiletemplate(text, context)))
right = False
fillchar = ' '
if len(args) > 2:
fillchar = stringify(args[2][0](context, mapping, args[2][1]))
if len(args) > 3:
right = util.parsebool(args[3][1])
if right:
return text.rjust(width, fillchar)
else:
return text.ljust(width, fillchar)
def indent(context, mapping, args):
""":indent(text, indentchars[, firstline]): Indents all non-empty lines
with the characters given in the indentchars string. An optional
third parameter will override the indent for the first line only
if present."""
if not (2 <= len(args) <= 3):
# i18n: "indent" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("indent() expects two or three arguments"))
text = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
indent = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
if len(args) == 3:
firstline = stringify(args[2][0](context, mapping, args[2][1]))
else:
firstline = indent
# the indent function doesn't indent the first line, so we do it here
return templatefilters.indent(firstline + text, indent)
def get(context, mapping, args):
""":get(dict, key): Get an attribute/key from an object. Some keywords
are complex types. This function allows you to obtain the value of an
attribute on these type."""
if len(args) != 2:
# i18n: "get" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("get() expects two arguments"))
dictarg = args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1])
if not util.safehasattr(dictarg, 'get'):
# i18n: "get" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("get() expects a dict as first argument"))
key = args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1])
yield dictarg.get(key)
def _evalifliteral(arg, context, mapping):
# get back to token tag to reinterpret string as template
strtoken = {runstring: 'string', runrawstring: 'rawstring'}.get(arg[0])
if strtoken:
yield runtemplate(context, mapping,
compiletemplate(arg[1], context, strtoken))
else:
yield stringify(arg[0](context, mapping, arg[1]))
def if_(context, mapping, args):
""":if(expr, then[, else]): Conditionally execute based on the result of
an expression."""
if not (2 <= len(args) <= 3):
# i18n: "if" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("if expects two or three arguments"))
test = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
if test:
yield _evalifliteral(args[1], context, mapping)
elif len(args) == 3:
yield _evalifliteral(args[2], context, mapping)
def ifcontains(context, mapping, args):
""":ifcontains(search, thing, then[, else]): Conditionally execute based
on whether the item "search" is in "thing"."""
if not (3 <= len(args) <= 4):
# i18n: "ifcontains" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("ifcontains expects three or four arguments"))
item = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
items = args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1])
if item in items:
yield _evalifliteral(args[2], context, mapping)
elif len(args) == 4:
yield _evalifliteral(args[3], context, mapping)
def ifeq(context, mapping, args):
""":ifeq(expr1, expr2, then[, else]): Conditionally execute based on
whether 2 items are equivalent."""
if not (3 <= len(args) <= 4):
# i18n: "ifeq" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("ifeq expects three or four arguments"))
test = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
match = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
if test == match:
yield _evalifliteral(args[2], context, mapping)
elif len(args) == 4:
yield _evalifliteral(args[3], context, mapping)
def join(context, mapping, args):
""":join(list, sep): Join items in a list with a delimiter."""
if not (1 <= len(args) <= 2):
# i18n: "join" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("join expects one or two arguments"))
joinset = args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1])
if callable(joinset):
jf = joinset.joinfmt
joinset = [jf(x) for x in joinset()]
joiner = " "
if len(args) > 1:
joiner = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
first = True
for x in joinset:
if first:
first = False
else:
yield joiner
yield x
def label(context, mapping, args):
""":label(label, expr): Apply a label to generated content. Content with
a label applied can result in additional post-processing, such as
automatic colorization."""
if len(args) != 2:
# i18n: "label" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("label expects two arguments"))
# ignore args[0] (the label string) since this is supposed to be a a no-op
yield _evalifliteral(args[1], context, mapping)
def revset(context, mapping, args):
""":revset(query[, formatargs...]): Execute a revision set query. See
:hg:`help revset`."""
if not len(args) > 0:
# i18n: "revset" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("revset expects one or more arguments"))
raw = args[0][1]
ctx = mapping['ctx']
repo = ctx.repo()
def query(expr):
m = revsetmod.match(repo.ui, expr)
return m(repo)
if len(args) > 1:
formatargs = list([a[0](context, mapping, a[1]) for a in args[1:]])
revs = query(revsetmod.formatspec(raw, *formatargs))
revs = list([str(r) for r in revs])
else:
revsetcache = mapping['cache'].setdefault("revsetcache", {})
if raw in revsetcache:
revs = revsetcache[raw]
else:
revs = query(raw)
revs = list([str(r) for r in revs])
revsetcache[raw] = revs
return templatekw.showlist("revision", revs, **mapping)
def rstdoc(context, mapping, args):
""":rstdoc(text, style): Format ReStructuredText."""
if len(args) != 2:
# i18n: "rstdoc" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("rstdoc expects two arguments"))
text = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
style = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
return minirst.format(text, style=style, keep=['verbose'])
def shortest(context, mapping, args):
""":shortest(node, minlength=4): Obtain the shortest representation of
a node."""
if not (1 <= len(args) <= 2):
# i18n: "shortest" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("shortest() expects one or two arguments"))
node = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
minlength = 4
if len(args) > 1:
minlength = int(args[1][1])
cl = mapping['ctx']._repo.changelog
def isvalid(test):
try:
try:
cl.index.partialmatch(test)
except AttributeError:
# Pure mercurial doesn't support partialmatch on the index.
# Fallback to the slow way.
if cl._partialmatch(test) is None:
return False
try:
i = int(test)
# if we are a pure int, then starting with zero will not be
# confused as a rev; or, obviously, if the int is larger than
# the value of the tip rev
if test[0] == '0' or i > len(cl):
return True
return False
except ValueError:
return True
except error.RevlogError:
return False
shortest = node
startlength = max(6, minlength)
length = startlength
while True:
test = node[:length]
if isvalid(test):
shortest = test
if length == minlength or length > startlength:
return shortest
length -= 1
else:
length += 1
if len(shortest) <= length:
return shortest
def strip(context, mapping, args):
""":strip(text[, chars]): Strip characters from a string."""
if not (1 <= len(args) <= 2):
# i18n: "strip" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("strip expects one or two arguments"))
text = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
if len(args) == 2:
chars = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
return text.strip(chars)
return text.strip()
def sub(context, mapping, args):
""":sub(pattern, replacement, expression): Perform text substitution
using regular expressions."""
if len(args) != 3:
# i18n: "sub" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("sub expects three arguments"))
pat = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
rpl = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
src = stringify(_evalifliteral(args[2], context, mapping))
yield re.sub(pat, rpl, src)
def startswith(context, mapping, args):
""":startswith(pattern, text): Returns the value from the "text" argument
if it begins with the content from the "pattern" argument."""
if len(args) != 2:
# i18n: "startswith" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("startswith expects two arguments"))
patn = stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1]))
text = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
if text.startswith(patn):
return text
return ''
def word(context, mapping, args):
""":word(number, text[, separator]): Return the nth word from a string."""
if not (2 <= len(args) <= 3):
# i18n: "word" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("word expects two or three arguments, got %d")
% len(args))
try:
num = int(stringify(args[0][0](context, mapping, args[0][1])))
except ValueError:
# i18n: "word" is a keyword
raise error.ParseError(_("word expects an integer index"))
text = stringify(args[1][0](context, mapping, args[1][1]))
if len(args) == 3:
splitter = stringify(args[2][0](context, mapping, args[2][1]))
else:
splitter = None
tokens = text.split(splitter)
if num >= len(tokens):
return ''
else:
return tokens[num]
# methods to interpret function arguments or inner expressions (e.g. {_(x)})
exprmethods = {
"integer": lambda e, c: (runinteger, e[1]),
"string": lambda e, c: (runstring, e[1]),
"rawstring": lambda e, c: (runrawstring, e[1]),
"symbol": lambda e, c: (runsymbol, e[1]),
"group": lambda e, c: compileexp(e[1], c, exprmethods),
# ".": buildmember,
"|": buildfilter,
"%": buildmap,
"func": buildfunc,
}
# methods to interpret top-level template (e.g. {x}, {x|_}, {x % "y"})
methods = exprmethods.copy()
methods["integer"] = exprmethods["symbol"] # '{1}' as variable
funcs = {
"date": date,
"diff": diff,
"fill": fill,
"get": get,
"if": if_,
"ifcontains": ifcontains,
"ifeq": ifeq,
"indent": indent,
"join": join,
"label": label,
"pad": pad,
"revset": revset,
"rstdoc": rstdoc,
"shortest": shortest,
"startswith": startswith,
"strip": strip,
"sub": sub,
"word": word,
}
# template engine
stringify = templatefilters.stringify
def _flatten(thing):
'''yield a single stream from a possibly nested set of iterators'''
if isinstance(thing, str):
yield thing
elif not util.safehasattr(thing, '__iter__'):
if thing is not None:
yield str(thing)
else:
for i in thing:
if isinstance(i, str):
yield i
elif not util.safehasattr(i, '__iter__'):
if i is not None:
yield str(i)
elif i is not None:
for j in _flatten(i):
yield j
def unquotestring(s):
'''unwrap quotes'''
if len(s) < 2 or s[0] != s[-1]:
raise SyntaxError(_('unmatched quotes'))
# de-backslash-ify only <\">. it is invalid syntax in non-string part of
# template, but we are likely to escape <"> in quoted string and it was
# accepted before, thanks to issue4290. <\\"> is unmodified because it
# is ambiguous and it was processed as such before 2.8.1.
#
# template result
# --------- ------------------------
# {\"\"} parse error
# "{""}" {""} -> <>
# "{\"\"}" {""} -> <>
# {"\""} {"\""} -> <">
# '{"\""}' {"\""} -> <">
# "{"\""}" parse error (don't care)
q = s[0]
return s[1:-1].replace('\\\\' + q, '\\\\\\' + q).replace('\\' + q, q)
class engine(object):
'''template expansion engine.
template expansion works like this. a map file contains key=value
pairs. if value is quoted, it is treated as string. otherwise, it
is treated as name of template file.
templater is asked to expand a key in map. it looks up key, and
looks for strings like this: {foo}. it expands {foo} by looking up
foo in map, and substituting it. expansion is recursive: it stops
when there is no more {foo} to replace.
expansion also allows formatting and filtering.
format uses key to expand each item in list. syntax is
{key%format}.
filter uses function to transform value. syntax is
{key|filter1|filter2|...}.'''
def __init__(self, loader, filters={}, defaults={}):
self._loader = loader
self._filters = filters
self._defaults = defaults
self._cache = {}
def _load(self, t):
'''load, parse, and cache a template'''
if t not in self._cache:
self._cache[t] = compiletemplate(self._loader(t), self)
return self._cache[t]
def process(self, t, mapping):
'''Perform expansion. t is name of map element to expand.
mapping contains added elements for use during expansion. Is a
generator.'''
return _flatten(runtemplate(self, mapping, self._load(t)))
engines = {'default': engine}
def stylelist():
paths = templatepaths()
if not paths:
return _('no templates found, try `hg debuginstall` for more info')
dirlist = os.listdir(paths[0])
stylelist = []
for file in dirlist:
split = file.split(".")
if split[0] == "map-cmdline":
stylelist.append(split[1])
return ", ".join(sorted(stylelist))
class TemplateNotFound(util.Abort):
pass
class templater(object):
def __init__(self, mapfile, filters={}, defaults={}, cache={},
minchunk=1024, maxchunk=65536):
'''set up template engine.
mapfile is name of file to read map definitions from.
filters is dict of functions. each transforms a value into another.
defaults is dict of default map definitions.'''
self.mapfile = mapfile or 'template'
self.cache = cache.copy()
self.map = {}
if mapfile:
self.base = os.path.dirname(mapfile)
else:
self.base = ''
self.filters = templatefilters.filters.copy()
self.filters.update(filters)
self.defaults = defaults
self.minchunk, self.maxchunk = minchunk, maxchunk
self.ecache = {}
if not mapfile:
return
if not os.path.exists(mapfile):
raise util.Abort(_("style '%s' not found") % mapfile,
hint=_("available styles: %s") % stylelist())
conf = config.config(includepaths=templatepaths())
conf.read(mapfile)
for key, val in conf[''].items():
if not val:
raise SyntaxError(_('%s: missing value') % conf.source('', key))
if val[0] in "'\"":
try:
self.cache[key] = unquotestring(val)
except SyntaxError, inst:
raise SyntaxError('%s: %s' %
(conf.source('', key), inst.args[0]))
else:
val = 'default', val
if ':' in val[1]:
val = val[1].split(':', 1)
self.map[key] = val[0], os.path.join(self.base, val[1])
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self.cache or key in self.map
def load(self, t):
'''Get the template for the given template name. Use a local cache.'''
if t not in self.cache:
try:
self.cache[t] = util.readfile(self.map[t][1])
except KeyError, inst:
raise TemplateNotFound(_('"%s" not in template map') %
inst.args[0])
except IOError, inst:
raise IOError(inst.args[0], _('template file %s: %s') %
(self.map[t][1], inst.args[1]))
return self.cache[t]
def __call__(self, t, **mapping):
ttype = t in self.map and self.map[t][0] or 'default'
if ttype not in self.ecache:
self.ecache[ttype] = engines[ttype](self.load,
self.filters, self.defaults)
proc = self.ecache[ttype]
stream = proc.process(t, mapping)
if self.minchunk:
stream = util.increasingchunks(stream, min=self.minchunk,
max=self.maxchunk)
return stream
def templatepaths():
'''return locations used for template files.'''
pathsrel = ['templates']
paths = [os.path.normpath(os.path.join(util.datapath, f))
for f in pathsrel]
return [p for p in paths if os.path.isdir(p)]
def templatepath(name):
'''return location of template file. returns None if not found.'''
for p in templatepaths():
f = os.path.join(p, name)
if os.path.exists(f):
return f
return None
def stylemap(styles, paths=None):
"""Return path to mapfile for a given style.
Searches mapfile in the following locations:
1. templatepath/style/map
2. templatepath/map-style
3. templatepath/map
"""
if paths is None:
paths = templatepaths()
elif isinstance(paths, str):
paths = [paths]
if isinstance(styles, str):
styles = [styles]
for style in styles:
# only plain name is allowed to honor template paths
if (not style
or style in (os.curdir, os.pardir)
or os.sep in style
or os.altsep and os.altsep in style):
continue
locations = [os.path.join(style, 'map'), 'map-' + style]
locations.append('map')
for path in paths:
for location in locations:
mapfile = os.path.join(path, location)
if os.path.isfile(mapfile):
return style, mapfile
raise RuntimeError("No hgweb templates found in %r" % paths)
# tell hggettext to extract docstrings from these functions:
i18nfunctions = funcs.values()