perf: support multiple compression engines in perfrevlogchunks Now that the revlog has a reference to a compressor, it is possible to swap in other compression engines. So, teach `hg perfrevlogchunks` to do that. The default behavior of `hg perfrevlogchunks` is now to measure the compression performance of all compression engines implementing the revlog compressor API. This effectively adds the no-op "none" compressor and zstd (when available) into the default set. While we can't yet plug alternate compressors into revlogs, this command gives us a preview of the performance. On the mozilla-unified repository: $ hg perfrevlogchunks -c ! compress w/ none ! wall 0.115159 comb 0.110000 user 0.110000 sys 0.000000 (best of 86) ! compress w/ zlib ! wall 5.681406 comb 5.680000 user 5.680000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) ! compress w/ zstd ! wall 2.624781 comb 2.620000 user 2.620000 sys 0.000000 (best of 4) $ hg perfrevlogchunks -m ! compress w/ none ! wall 0.124486 comb 0.120000 user 0.120000 sys 0.000000 (best of 79) ! compress w/ zlib ! wall 10.144701 comb 10.150000 user 10.150000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) ! compress w/ zstd ! wall 4.383118 comb 4.390000 user 4.390000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) Those numbers for zstd look promising. But they aren't the full story. For that, we'll need to look at decompression times and storage sizes. Stay tuned...

revlog: use compression engine API for compression This commit swaps in the just-added revlog compressor API into the revlog class. Instead of implementing zlib compression inline in compress(), we now store a cached-on-first-use revlog compressor on each revlog instance and invoke its "compress()" method. As part of this, revlog.compress() has been refactored a bit to use a cleaner code flow and modern formatting (e.g. avoiding parenthesis around returned tuples). On a mozilla-unified repo, here are the "compress" times for a few commands: $ hg perfrevlogchunks -c ! wall 5.772450 comb 5.780000 user 5.780000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) ! wall 5.795158 comb 5.790000 user 5.790000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) $ hg perfrevlogchunks -m ! wall 9.975789 comb 9.970000 user 9.970000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) ! wall 10.019505 comb 10.010000 user 10.010000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) Compression times did seem to slow down just a little. There are 360,210 changelog revisions and 359,342 manifest revisions. For the changelog, mean time to compress a revision increased from ~16.025us to ~16.088us. That's basically a function call or an attribute lookup. I suppose this is the price you pay for abstraction. It's so low that I'm not concerned.

util: compression APIs to support revlog compression As part of "zstd all of the things," we need to teach revlogs to use non-zlib compression formats. Because we're routing all compression via the "compression manager" and "compression engine" APIs, we need to introduction functionality there for performing revlog operations. Ideally, revlog compression and decompression operations would be implemented in terms of simple "compress" and "decompress" primitives. However, there are a few considerations that make us want to have a specialized primitive for handling revlogs: 1) Performance. Revlogs tend to do compression and especially decompression operations in batches. Any overhead for e.g. instantiating a "context" for performing an operation can be noticed. For this reason, our "revlog compressor" primitive is reusable. For zstd, we reuse the same compression "context" for multiple operations. I've measured this to have a performance impact versus constructing new contexts for each operation. 2) Specialization. By having a primitive dedicated to revlog use, we can make revlog-specific choices and leave the door open for more functionality in the future. For example, the zstd revlog compressor may one day make use of dictionary compression. A future patch will introduce a decompress() on the compressor object. The code for the zlib compressor is basically copied from revlog.compress(). Although it doesn't handle the empty input case, the null first byte case, and the 'u' prefix case. These cases will continue to be handled in revlog.py once that code is ported to use this API.

revlog: move decompress() from module to revlog class (API) Upcoming patches will convert revlogs to use the compression engine APIs to perform all things compression. The yet-to-be-introduced APIs support a persistent "compressor" object so the same object can be reused for multiple compression operations, leading to better performance. In addition, compression engines like zstd may wish to tweak compression engine state based on the revlog (e.g. per-revlog compression dictionaries). A global and shared decompress() function will shortly no longer make much sense. So, we move decompress() to be a method of the revlog class. It joins compress() there. On the mozilla-unified repo, we can measure the impact of this change on reading performance: $ hg perfrevlogchunks -c ! chunk ! wall 1.932573 comb 1.930000 user 1.900000 sys 0.030000 (best of 6) ! wall 1.955183 comb 1.960000 user 1.930000 sys 0.030000 (best of 6) ! chunk batch ! wall 1.787879 comb 1.780000 user 1.770000 sys 0.010000 (best of 6 ! wall 1.774444 comb 1.770000 user 1.750000 sys 0.020000 (best of 6) "chunk" appeared to become slower but "chunk batch" got faster. Upon further examination by running both sets multiple times, the numbers appear to converge across all runs. This tells me that there is no perceived performance impact to this refactor.

revlog: make compressed size comparisons consistent revlog.compress() compares the compressed size to the input size and throws away the compressed data if it is larger than the input. This is the correct thing to do, as storing compressed data that is larger than the input takes up more storage space and makes reading slower. However, the comparison was implemented inconsistently. For the streaming compression mode, we threw away the result if it was greater than or equal to the input size. But for the one-shot compression, we threw away the compression only if it was greater than the input size! This patch changes the comparison for the simple case so it is consistent with the streaming case. As a few tests demonstrate, this adds 1 byte to some revlog entries. This is because of an added 'u' header on the chunk. It seems somewhat wrong to increase the revlog size here. However, IMO the cost of 1 byte in storage is insignificant compared to the performance gains of avoiding decompression. This patch should invite questions around the heuristic for throwing away compressed data. For example, I'd argue we should be more liberal about rejecting compressed data, additionally doing so where the number of bytes saved fails to reach a threshold. But we can have this discussion another time.

similar: rename local variable to not collide with previous Future patches will move the score function to the module level, so let's not shadow that.

patch: add label for coloring the index extended header Just like the summary says, this will colorize the: index 3d3ba4b65e11..57274a0f46b2 100644 line in the diff output.

patch: add index line for diff output This helps highlighting in third-party diff coloring (which assumes git output) and maintains pedantic correctness with diff --git. Tests will be added at the end of the series.

patch: add config knob for displaying the index header This config knob can take an integer between 0 and 40 or a keyword ('none', 'short', 'full') to control the length of hash to output. It will display diffs with the git index header as such, diff --git a/mercurial/mdiff.py b/mercurial/mdiff.py index 112edf7..d6b52c5 100644 We'll put this in the experimental section for now.

bisect: refer directly to bisect() revset predicate in help We have specific syntax for displaying the help text for a particular revset predicate, so let's refer directly to the bisect() revset in the verbose bisect help. It seems likely that the user doesn't care about other revsets at that point, so they will probably not miss the text about the other revset predicates.

tests: use "hg help revisions.<predicate>" instead of grepping We have specific syntax for displaying the help text for a particular revset predicate, so use that instead of grepping through the full output.

help: remove now-redundant pointer to revsets help "hg help revisions" and "hg help revsets" now point to the same text, so drop the revsets reference.

help: eliminate duplicate text for revset string patterns There's no reason to duplicate this so many times, and it's likely an instance will be missed if support for a new pattern is added and documented. The stringmatcher is mostly used by revsets, though it is also used for the 'tag' related templates, and namespace filtering in the journal extension. So maybe there's a better place to document it. `hg help patterns` seems inappropriate, because that is all file pattern matching. While here, indicate how to perform case insensitive regex searches.

revset: add regular expression support to 'desc' This is a case insensitive predicate like 'author', so it conforms to the existing behavior of performing a case insensitive regex.

revset: stop lowercasing the regex pattern for 'author' It was probably unintentional for regex, as the meaning of some sequences like \S and \s is actually inverted by changing the case. For backward compatibility however, the matching is forced to case insensitive.

repair: clean up stale lock file from store backup Since we did a directory rename on the stores, the source repository's lock path now references the dest repository's lock path and the dest repository's lock path now references a non-existent filename. So releasing the lock on the source will unlock the dest and releasing the lock on the dest will no-op because it fails due to file not found. So we clean up the dest's lock manually.

repair: copy non-revlog store files during upgrade The store contains more than just revlogs. This patch teaches the upgrade code to copy regular files as well. As the test changes demonstrate, the phaseroots file is now copied.

repair: migrate revlogs during upgrade Our next step for in-place upgrade is to migrate store data. Revlogs are the biggest source of data within the store and a store is useless without them, so we implement their migration first. Our strategy for migrating revlogs is to walk the store and call `revlog.clone()` on each revlog. There are some minor complications. Because revlogs have different storage options (e.g. changelog has generaldelta and delta chains disabled), we need to obtain the correct class of revlog so inserted data is encoded properly for its type. Various attempts at implementing progress indicators that didn't lead to frustration from false "it's almost done" indicators were made. I initially used a single progress bar based on number of revlogs. However, this quickly churned through all filelogs, got to 99% then effectively froze at 99.99% when it got to the manifest. So I converted the progress bar to total revision count. This was a little bit better. But the manifest was still significantly slower than filelogs and it took forever to process the last few percent. I then tried both revision/chunk bytes and raw bytes as the denominator. This had the opposite effect: because so much data is in manifests, it would churn through filelogs without showing much progress. When it got to manifests, it would fill in 90+% of the progress bar. I finally gave up having a unified progress bar and instead implemented 3 progress bars: 1 for filelog revisions, 1 for manifest revisions, and 1 for changelog revisions. I added extra messages indicating the total number of revisions of each so users know there are more progress bars coming. I also added extra messages before and after each stage to give extra details about what is happening. Strictly speaking, this isn't necessary. But the numbers are impressive. For example, when converting a non-generaldelta mozilla-central repository, the messages you see are: migrating 2475593 total revisions (1833043 in filelogs, 321156 in manifests, 321394 in changelog) migrating 1.67 GB in store; 2508 GB tracked data migrating 267868 filelogs containing 1833043 revisions (1.09 GB in store; 57.3 GB tracked data) finished migrating 1833043 filelog revisions across 267868 filelogs; change in size: -415776 bytes migrating 1 manifests containing 321156 revisions (518 MB in store; 2451 GB tracked data) That "2508 GB" figure really blew me away. I had no clue that the raw tracked data in mozilla-central was that large. Granted, 2451 GB is in the manifest and "only" 57.3 GB is in filelogs. But still. It's worth noting that gratuitous loading of source revlogs in order to display numbers and progress bars does serve a purpose: it ensures we can open all source revlogs. We don't want to spend several minutes copying revlogs only to encounter a permissions error or similar later. As part of this commit, we also add swapping of the store directory to the upgrade function. After revlogs are converted, we move the old store into the backup directory then move the temporary repo's store into the old store's location. On well-behaved systems, this should be 2 atomic operations and the window of inconsistency show be very narrow. There are still a few improvements to be made to store copying and upgrading. But this commit gets the bulk of the work out of the way.

revlog: add clone method Upcoming patches will introduce functionality for in-place repository/store "upgrades." Copying the contents of a revlog feels sufficiently low-level to warrant being in the revlog class. So this commit implements that functionality. Because full delta recomputation can be *very* expensive (we're talking several hours on the Firefox repository), we support multiple modes of execution with regards to delta (re)use. This will allow repository upgrades to choose the "level" of processing/optimization they wish to perform when converting revlogs. It's not obvious from this commit, but "addrevisioncb" will be used for progress reporting.

repair: begin implementation of in-place upgrading Now that all the upgrade planning work is in place, we can start doing the real work: actually upgrading a repository. The main goal of this commit is to get the "framework" for running in-place upgrade actions in place. Rather than get too clever and low-level with regards to in-place upgrades, our strategy is to create a new, temporary repository, copy data to it, then replace the old data with the new. This allows us to reuse a lot of code in localrepo.py around store interaction, which will eventually consume the bulk of the upgrade code. But we have to start small. This patch implements adding new repository requirements. But it still sets up a temporary repository and locks it and the source repo before performing the requirements file swap. This means all the plumbing is in place to implement store copying in subsequent commits.

repair: determine what upgrade will do This commit introduces code for determining what actions/improvements an upgrade should perform. The "upgradefindimprovements" function introduces a mechanism to return a list of improvements that can be made to a repository. Each improvement is effectively an action that an upgrade will perform. Associated with each of these improvements is metadata that will be used to inform users what's wrong and what an upgrade will do. Each "improvement" is categorized as a "deficiency" or an "optimization." TBH, I'm not thrilled about the terminology and am receptive to constructive bikeshedding. The main difference between a "deficiency" and an "optimization" is a deficiency is always corrected (if it deviates from the current config) and an "optimization" is an optional action that goes above and beyond to improve the state of the repository (usually by requiring more CPU during upgrade). Our initial set of improvements identifies missing repository requirements, a single, easily correctable problem with changelog storage, and a set of "optimizations" related to delta recalculation. The main "upgraderepo" function has been expanded to handle improvements. It queries for the list of improvements and determines which of them will run based on the current repository state and user I went through numerous iterations of the output format before settling on a ReST-inspired definition list format. (I used bulleted lists in the first submission of this commit and could not get it to format just right.) Even with the various iterations, I'm still not super thrilled with the format. But, this is a debug* command, so that should mean we can refine the output without BC concerns.

repair: implement requirements checking for upgrades This commit introduces functionality for upgrading a repository in place. The first part that's implemented is testing for upgrade "compatibility." This is done by examining repository requirements. There are 5 functions returning sets of requirements that control upgrading. Why so many functions? Mainly to support extensions. Functions are easier to monkeypatch than module variables. Astute readers will see that we don't support "manifestv2" and "treemanifest" requirements in the upgrade mechanism. I don't have a great answer for why other than this is a complex set of patches and I don't want to deal with the complexity of these experimental features just yet. We can teach the upgrade mechanism about them later, once the basic upgrade mechanism is in place. This commit also introduces the "upgraderepo" function. This will be our main routine for performing an in-place upgrade. Currently, it just implements requirements checking. The structure of some code in this function may look a bit weird (e.g. the inline function that is only called once). But this will make sense after future commits.

debugcommands: stub for debugupgraderepo command Currently, if Mercurial introduces a new repository/store feature or changes behavior of an existing feature, users must perform an `hg clone` to create a new repository with hopefully the correct/optimal settings. Unfortunately, even `hg clone` may not give the correct results. For example, if you do a local `hg clone`, you may get hardlinks to revlog files that inherit the old state. If you `hg clone` from a remote or `hg clone --pull`, changegroup application may bypass some optimization, such as converting to generaldelta. Optimizing a repository is harder than it seems and requires more than a simple `hg` command invocation. This commit starts the process of changing that. We introduce `hg debugupgraderepo`, a command that performs an in-place upgrade of a repository to use new, optimal features. The command is just a stub right now. Features will be added in subsequent commits. This commit does foreshadow some of the behavior of the new command, notably that it doesn't do anything by default and that it takes arguments that influence what actions it performs. These will be explained more in subsequent commits.

util: teach stringmatcher to handle forced case insensitive matches The 'author' and 'desc' revsets are documented to be case insensitive. Unfortunately, this was implemented in 'author' by forcing the input to lowercase, including for regex like '\B'. (This actually inverts the meaning of the sequence.) For backward compatibility, we will keep that a case insensitive regex, but by using matcher options instead of brute force. This doesn't preclude future hypothetical 'icase-literal:' style prefixes that can be provided by the user. Such user specified cases can probably be handled up front by stripping 'icase-', setting the variable, and letting it drop through the existing code.

revset: point to 'grep' in the 'keyword' help for regex searches The help for 'grep' already points to 'keyword'.

help: explain that revsets can be used where 1 or 2 revs are wanted We did not seem to document that one can do things like "hg up :@" where the last revision of the revset ":@".

help: explain what the term "revset" means We refer to revsets in a few places (e.g. in "hg help config"), but we never explained what they are. Until now.

help: merge revsets.txt into revisions.txt Selecting single and multiple revisions is closely related, so let's put it in one place, so users can easily find it. We actually did not even point to "hg help revsets" from "hg help revisions", but now that they're on a single page, that won't be necessary.

tests: use `hg help dates` instead of `hg help revs` in test The revisions help is already long and will get longer, so switch to another short and stable topic.

help: use a single paragraph to describe full and abbreviated nodeids The texts describing 40-digit strings and the abbreviated form are closely related, so make it a single paragraph.