contrib: add new examples area and start it out with a config for `hg fix` This is the configuration contributors should use for our C/C++ code. I expect to expand this file as we get more automated formatter oversight. Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D6872

tests: recognize DNS timeouts as well Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D6870

transaction: detect an attempt to truncate-to-extend on playback, raise error On some networked filesystems, writes can have delayed finalization/confirmation and write races can occur such that a remote modification will "win" and modifications will be lost. There is no functionality for providing this feedback to userspace programs (in fact, there's not even functionality for providing this information to the Linux kernel...), so these programs may see the files suddenly change. We've noticed that there have been cases where Mercurial has detected something has gone wrong and attempts to abort (rolling back the transaction), which is good. However, when rolling back the transaction, for the append-only files, we attempt to "truncate" the file back to the size it was in before the hg transaction started, but end up *extending* it. This may be harmless, but if this happens to the 00changelog.i file, we get a bunch of nulls on the end of the file and this causes hg to become *really* confused. :) If we detect that some modification of the file outside of this Mercurial process has caused the file to be smaller than the size we are attempting to truncate to, let's just exit and stop trying to clean up the repository - continuing will likely just cause more damage. Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D6867

osutil: tolerate Py_GetArgcArgv not being set up properly Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D6866