parsers: simplify the code computing the phases
We recently simplified the code computing the heads of a repo. This patch uses
the same simplification for phase computation. We use index_get_parents instead
of replicating its code.
parsers: move index_get_parents's declaration higher
index_get_parents needs to be used in the phase computation code so we need
to move its declaration higher to be able to call it. It cannot be moved any
higher than that so we won't have any more patch doing the same thing.