annotate mercurial/help/templates.txt @ 36858:01f6bba64424

hgweb: remove support for POST form data (BC)

Previously, we called out to cgi.parse(), which for POST requests
parsed multipart/form-data and application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Type requests for form data, combined it with query string
parameters, returned a union of the values.

As far as I know, nothing in Mercurial actually uses this mechanism
to submit data to the HTTP server. The wire protocol has its own
mechanism for passing parameters. And the web interface only does
GET requests. Removing support for parsing POST data doesn't break
any tests.

Another reason to not like this feature is that cgi.parse() may
modify the QUERY_STRING environment variable as a side-effect.
In addition, it merges both POST data and the query string into
one data structure. This prevents consumers from knowing whether
a variable came from the query string or POST data. That can matter
for some operations.

I suspect we use cgi.parse() because back when this code was
initially implemented, it was the function that was readily
available. In other words, I don't think there was conscious
choice to support POST data: we just got it because cgi.parse()
supported it.

Since nothing uses the feature and it is untested, let's remove
support for parsing POST form data. We can add it back in easily
enough if we need it in the future.

.. bc::

   Hgweb no longer reads form data in POST requests from
   multipart/form-data and application/x-www-form-urlencoded
   requests. Arguments should be specified as URL path components
   or in the query string in the URL instead.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D2774

Mercurial allows you to customize output of commands through
templates. You can either pass in a template or select an existing
template-style from the command line, via the --template option.

You can customize output for any "log-like" command: log,
outgoing, incoming, tip, parents, and heads.

Some built-in styles are packaged with Mercurial. These can be listed
with :hg:`log --template list`. Example usage::

    $ hg log -r1.0::1.1 --template changelog

A template is a piece of text, with markup to invoke variable
expansion::

    $ hg log -r1 --template "{node}\n"
    b56ce7b07c52de7d5fd79fb89701ea538af65746

Keywords
========

Strings in curly braces are called keywords. The availability of
keywords depends on the exact context of the templater. These
keywords are usually available for templating a log-like command:

.. keywordsmarker

The "date" keyword does not produce human-readable output. If you
want to use a date in your output, you can use a filter to process
it. Filters are functions which return a string based on the input
variable. Be sure to use the stringify filter first when you're
applying a string-input filter to a list-like input variable.
You can also use a chain of filters to get the desired output::

   $ hg tip --template "{date|isodate}\n"
   2008-08-21 18:22 +0000

Filters
=======

List of filters:

.. filtersmarker

Note that a filter is nothing more than a function call, i.e.
``expr|filter`` is equivalent to ``filter(expr)``.

Functions
=========

In addition to filters, there are some basic built-in functions:

.. functionsmarker

Operators
=========

We provide a limited set of infix arithmetic operations on integers::

  + for addition
  - for subtraction
  * for multiplication
  / for floor division (division rounded to integer nearest -infinity)

Division fulfills the law x = x / y + mod(x, y).

Also, for any expression that returns a list, there is a list operator::

    expr % "{template}"

As seen in the above example, ``{template}`` is interpreted as a template.
To prevent it from being interpreted, you can use an escape character ``\{``
or a raw string prefix, ``r'...'``.

The dot operator can be used as a shorthand for accessing a sub item:

- ``expr.member`` is roughly equivalent to ``expr % '{member}'`` if ``expr``
  returns a non-list/dict. The returned value is not stringified.
- ``dict.key`` is identical to ``get(dict, 'key')``.

Aliases
=======

New keywords and functions can be defined in the ``templatealias`` section of
a Mercurial configuration file::

  <alias> = <definition>

Arguments of the form `a1`, `a2`, etc. are substituted from the alias into
the definition.

For example,

::

  [templatealias]
  r = rev
  rn = "{r}:{node|short}"
  leftpad(s, w) = pad(s, w, ' ', True)

defines two symbol aliases, ``r`` and ``rn``, and a function alias
``leftpad()``.

It's also possible to specify complete template strings, using the
``templates`` section. The syntax used is the general template string syntax.

For example,

::

  [templates]
  nodedate = "{node|short}: {date(date, "%Y-%m-%d")}\n"

defines a template, ``nodedate``, which can be called like::

  $ hg log -r . -Tnodedate

A template defined in ``templates`` section can also be referenced from
another template::

  $ hg log -r . -T "{rev} {nodedate}"

but be aware that the keywords cannot be overridden by templates. For example,
a template defined as ``templates.rev`` cannot be referenced as ``{rev}``.

A template defined in ``templates`` section may have sub templates which
are inserted before/after/between items::

  [templates]
  myjson = ' {dict(rev, node|short)|json}'
  myjson:docheader = '\{\n'
  myjson:docfooter = '\n}\n'
  myjson:separator = ',\n'

Examples
========

Some sample command line templates:

- Format lists, e.g. files::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "files:\n{files % '  {file}\n'}"

- Join the list of files with a ", "::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "files: {join(files, ', ')}\n"

- Join the list of files ending with ".py" with a ", "::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "pythonfiles: {join(files('**.py'), ', ')}\n"

- Separate non-empty arguments by a " "::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{separate(' ', node, bookmarks, tags}\n"

- Modify each line of a commit description::

   $ hg log --template "{splitlines(desc) % '**** {line}\n'}"

- Format date::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{date(date, '%Y')}\n"

- Display date in UTC::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{localdate(date, 'UTC')|date}\n"

- Output the description set to a fill-width of 30::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{fill(desc, 30)}"

- Use a conditional to test for the default branch::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{ifeq(branch, 'default', 'on the main branch',
   'on branch {branch}')}\n"

- Append a newline if not empty::

   $ hg tip --template "{if(author, '{author}\n')}"

- Label the output for use with the color extension::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{label('changeset.{phase}', node|short)}\n"

- Invert the firstline filter, i.e. everything but the first line::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{sub(r'^.*\n?\n?', '', desc)}\n"

- Display the contents of the 'extra' field, one per line::

   $ hg log -r 0 --template "{join(extras, '\n')}\n"

- Mark the active bookmark with '*'::

   $ hg log --template "{bookmarks % '{bookmark}{ifeq(bookmark, active, '*')} '}\n"

- Find the previous release candidate tag, the distance and changes since the tag::

   $ hg log -r . --template "{latesttag('re:^.*-rc$') % '{tag}, {changes}, {distance}'}\n"

- Mark the working copy parent with '@'::

   $ hg log --template "{ifcontains(rev, revset('.'), '@')}\n"

- Show details of parent revisions::

   $ hg log --template "{revset('parents(%d)', rev) % '{desc|firstline}\n'}"

- Show only commit descriptions that start with "template"::

   $ hg log --template "{startswith('template', firstline(desc))}\n"

- Print the first word of each line of a commit message::

   $ hg log --template "{word(0, desc)}\n"