mercurial/sslutil.py

sslutil: synchronize hostname matching logic with CPython

sslutil contains its own hostname matching logic. CPython has code
for the same intent. However, it is only available to Python 2.7.9+
(or distributions that have backported 2.7.9's ssl module
improvements).

This patch effectively imports CPython's hostname matching code
from its ssl.py into sslutil.py. The hostname matching code itself
is pretty similar. However, the DNS name matching code is much more
robust and spec conformant.

As the test changes show, this changes some behavior around
wildcard handling and IDNA matching. The new behavior allows
wildcards in the middle of words (e.g. 'f*.com' matches 'foo.com')
This is spec compliant according to RFC 6125 Section 6.5.3 item 3.

There is one test where the matcher is more strict. Before,
'*.a.com' matched '.a.com'. Now it doesn't match. Strictly speaking
this is a security vulnerability.

# sslutil.py - SSL handling for mercurial
#
# Copyright 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
# Copyright 2006, 2007 Alexis S. L. Carvalho <[e-mail]>
# Copyright 2006 Vadim Gelfer <[e-mail]>
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

from __future__ import absolute_import

import os
import re
import ssl
import sys

from .i18n import _
from . import (
    error,
    util,
)

# Python 2.7.9+ overhauled the built-in SSL/TLS features of Python. It added
# support for TLS 1.1, TLS 1.2, SNI, system CA stores, etc. These features are
# all exposed via the "ssl" module.
#
# Depending on the version of Python being used, SSL/TLS support is either
# modern/secure or legacy/insecure. Many operations in this module have
# separate code paths depending on support in Python.

hassni = getattr(ssl, 'HAS_SNI', False)

try:
    OP_NO_SSLv2 = ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
    OP_NO_SSLv3 = ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3
except AttributeError:
    OP_NO_SSLv2 = 0x1000000
    OP_NO_SSLv3 = 0x2000000

try:
    # ssl.SSLContext was added in 2.7.9 and presence indicates modern
    # SSL/TLS features are available.
    SSLContext = ssl.SSLContext
    modernssl = True
    _canloaddefaultcerts = util.safehasattr(SSLContext, 'load_default_certs')
except AttributeError:
    modernssl = False
    _canloaddefaultcerts = False

    # We implement SSLContext using the interface from the standard library.
    class SSLContext(object):
        # ssl.wrap_socket gained the "ciphers" named argument in 2.7.
        _supportsciphers = sys.version_info >= (2, 7)

        def __init__(self, protocol):
            # From the public interface of SSLContext
            self.protocol = protocol
            self.check_hostname = False
            self.options = 0
            self.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE

            # Used by our implementation.
            self._certfile = None
            self._keyfile = None
            self._certpassword = None
            self._cacerts = None
            self._ciphers = None

        def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
            self._certfile = certfile
            self._keyfile = keyfile
            self._certpassword = password

        def load_default_certs(self, purpose=None):
            pass

        def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
            if capath:
                raise error.Abort('capath not supported')
            if cadata:
                raise error.Abort('cadata not supported')

            self._cacerts = cafile

        def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
            if not self._supportsciphers:
                raise error.Abort('setting ciphers not supported')

            self._ciphers = ciphers

        def wrap_socket(self, socket, server_hostname=None, server_side=False):
            # server_hostname is unique to SSLContext.wrap_socket and is used
            # for SNI in that context. So there's nothing for us to do with it
            # in this legacy code since we don't support SNI.

            args = {
                'keyfile': self._keyfile,
                'certfile': self._certfile,
                'server_side': server_side,
                'cert_reqs': self.verify_mode,
                'ssl_version': self.protocol,
                'ca_certs': self._cacerts,
            }

            if self._supportsciphers:
                args['ciphers'] = self._ciphers

            return ssl.wrap_socket(socket, **args)

def wrapsocket(sock, keyfile, certfile, ui, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
               ca_certs=None, serverhostname=None):
    """Add SSL/TLS to a socket.

    This is a glorified wrapper for ``ssl.wrap_socket()``. It makes sane
    choices based on what security options are available.

    In addition to the arguments supported by ``ssl.wrap_socket``, we allow
    the following additional arguments:

    * serverhostname - The expected hostname of the remote server. If the
      server (and client) support SNI, this tells the server which certificate
      to use.
    """
    # Despite its name, PROTOCOL_SSLv23 selects the highest protocol
    # that both ends support, including TLS protocols. On legacy stacks,
    # the highest it likely goes in TLS 1.0. On modern stacks, it can
    # support TLS 1.2.
    #
    # The PROTOCOL_TLSv* constants select a specific TLS version
    # only (as opposed to multiple versions). So the method for
    # supporting multiple TLS versions is to use PROTOCOL_SSLv23 and
    # disable protocols via SSLContext.options and OP_NO_* constants.
    # However, SSLContext.options doesn't work unless we have the
    # full/real SSLContext available to us.
    #
    # SSLv2 and SSLv3 are broken. We ban them outright.
    if modernssl:
        protocol = ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23
    else:
        protocol = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1

    # TODO use ssl.create_default_context() on modernssl.
    sslcontext = SSLContext(protocol)

    # This is a no-op on old Python.
    sslcontext.options |= OP_NO_SSLv2 | OP_NO_SSLv3

    # This still works on our fake SSLContext.
    sslcontext.verify_mode = cert_reqs

    if certfile is not None:
        def password():
            f = keyfile or certfile
            return ui.getpass(_('passphrase for %s: ') % f, '')
        sslcontext.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, password)

    if ca_certs is not None:
        sslcontext.load_verify_locations(cafile=ca_certs)
    else:
        # This is a no-op on old Python.
        sslcontext.load_default_certs()

    sslsocket = sslcontext.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=serverhostname)
    # check if wrap_socket failed silently because socket had been
    # closed
    # - see http://bugs.python.org/issue13721
    if not sslsocket.cipher():
        raise error.Abort(_('ssl connection failed'))
    return sslsocket

class wildcarderror(Exception):
    """Represents an error parsing wildcards in DNS name."""

def _dnsnamematch(dn, hostname, maxwildcards=1):
    """Match DNS names according RFC 6125 section 6.4.3.

    This code is effectively copied from CPython's ssl._dnsname_match.

    Returns a bool indicating whether the expected hostname matches
    the value in ``dn``.
    """
    pats = []
    if not dn:
        return False

    pieces = dn.split(r'.')
    leftmost = pieces[0]
    remainder = pieces[1:]
    wildcards = leftmost.count('*')
    if wildcards > maxwildcards:
        raise wildcarderror(
            _('too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: %s') % dn)

    # speed up common case w/o wildcards
    if not wildcards:
        return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()

    # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
    # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
    # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
    if leftmost == '*':
        # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
        # fragment.
        pats.append('[^.]+')
    elif leftmost.startswith('xn--') or hostname.startswith('xn--'):
        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
        # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
        # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
    else:
        # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))

    # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
    for frag in remainder:
        pats.append(re.escape(frag))

    pat = re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
    return pat.match(hostname) is not None

def _verifycert(cert, hostname):
    '''Verify that cert (in socket.getpeercert() format) matches hostname.
    CRLs is not handled.

    Returns error message if any problems are found and None on success.
    '''
    if not cert:
        return _('no certificate received')

    dnsnames = []
    san = cert.get('subjectAltName', [])
    for key, value in san:
        if key == 'DNS':
            try:
                if _dnsnamematch(value, hostname):
                    return
            except wildcarderror as e:
                return e.message

            dnsnames.append(value)

    if not dnsnames:
        # The subject is only checked when there is no DNS in subjectAltName.
        for sub in cert.get('subject', []):
            for key, value in sub:
                # According to RFC 2818 the most specific Common Name must
                # be used.
                if key == 'commonName':
                    # 'subject' entries are unicide.
                    try:
                        value = value.encode('ascii')
                    except UnicodeEncodeError:
                        return _('IDN in certificate not supported')

                    try:
                        if _dnsnamematch(value, hostname):
                            return
                    except wildcarderror as e:
                        return e.message

                    dnsnames.append(value)

    if len(dnsnames) > 1:
        return _('certificate is for %s') % ', '.join(dnsnames)
    elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
        return _('certificate is for %s') % dnsnames[0]
    else:
        return _('no commonName or subjectAltName found in certificate')


# CERT_REQUIRED means fetch the cert from the server all the time AND
# validate it against the CA store provided in web.cacerts.

def _plainapplepython():
    """return true if this seems to be a pure Apple Python that
    * is unfrozen and presumably has the whole mercurial module in the file
      system
    * presumably is an Apple Python that uses Apple OpenSSL which has patches
      for using system certificate store CAs in addition to the provided
      cacerts file
    """
    if sys.platform != 'darwin' or util.mainfrozen() or not sys.executable:
        return False
    exe = os.path.realpath(sys.executable).lower()
    return (exe.startswith('/usr/bin/python') or
            exe.startswith('/system/library/frameworks/python.framework/'))

def _defaultcacerts():
    """return path to CA certificates; None for system's store; ! to disable"""
    if _plainapplepython():
        dummycert = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'dummycert.pem')
        if os.path.exists(dummycert):
            return dummycert
    if _canloaddefaultcerts:
        return None
    return '!'

def sslkwargs(ui, host):
    kws = {'ui': ui}
    hostfingerprint = ui.config('hostfingerprints', host)
    if hostfingerprint:
        return kws
    cacerts = ui.config('web', 'cacerts')
    if cacerts == '!':
        pass
    elif cacerts:
        cacerts = util.expandpath(cacerts)
        if not os.path.exists(cacerts):
            raise error.Abort(_('could not find web.cacerts: %s') % cacerts)
    else:
        cacerts = _defaultcacerts()
        if cacerts and cacerts != '!':
            ui.debug('using %s to enable OS X system CA\n' % cacerts)
        ui.setconfig('web', 'cacerts', cacerts, 'defaultcacerts')
    if cacerts != '!':
        kws.update({'ca_certs': cacerts,
                    'cert_reqs': ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                    })
    return kws

class validator(object):
    def __init__(self, ui, host):
        self.ui = ui
        self.host = host

    def __call__(self, sock, strict=False):
        host = self.host

        if not sock.cipher(): # work around http://bugs.python.org/issue13721
            raise error.Abort(_('%s ssl connection error') % host)
        try:
            peercert = sock.getpeercert(True)
            peercert2 = sock.getpeercert()
        except AttributeError:
            raise error.Abort(_('%s ssl connection error') % host)

        if not peercert:
            raise error.Abort(_('%s certificate error: '
                               'no certificate received') % host)

        # If a certificate fingerprint is pinned, use it and only it to
        # validate the remote cert.
        hostfingerprints = self.ui.configlist('hostfingerprints', host)
        peerfingerprint = util.sha1(peercert).hexdigest()
        nicefingerprint = ":".join([peerfingerprint[x:x + 2]
            for x in xrange(0, len(peerfingerprint), 2)])
        if hostfingerprints:
            fingerprintmatch = False
            for hostfingerprint in hostfingerprints:
                if peerfingerprint.lower() == \
                        hostfingerprint.replace(':', '').lower():
                    fingerprintmatch = True
                    break
            if not fingerprintmatch:
                raise error.Abort(_('certificate for %s has unexpected '
                                   'fingerprint %s') % (host, nicefingerprint),
                                 hint=_('check hostfingerprint configuration'))
            self.ui.debug('%s certificate matched fingerprint %s\n' %
                          (host, nicefingerprint))
            return

        # No pinned fingerprint. Establish trust by looking at the CAs.
        cacerts = self.ui.config('web', 'cacerts')
        if cacerts != '!':
            msg = _verifycert(peercert2, host)
            if msg:
                raise error.Abort(_('%s certificate error: %s') % (host, msg),
                                 hint=_('configure hostfingerprint %s or use '
                                        '--insecure to connect insecurely') %
                                      nicefingerprint)
            self.ui.debug('%s certificate successfully verified\n' % host)
        elif strict:
            raise error.Abort(_('%s certificate with fingerprint %s not '
                               'verified') % (host, nicefingerprint),
                             hint=_('check hostfingerprints or web.cacerts '
                                     'config setting'))
        else:
            self.ui.warn(_('warning: %s certificate with fingerprint %s not '
                           'verified (check hostfingerprints or web.cacerts '
                           'config setting)\n') %
                         (host, nicefingerprint))