tests/test-push-checkheads-superceed-A5.t

windows: add a method to convert Unix style command lines to Windows style

This started as a copy/paste of `os.path.expandvars()`, but limited to a given
dictionary of variables, converting `foo = foo + bar` to `foo += bar`, and
adding 'b' string prefixes.  Then code was added to make sure that a value being
substituted in wouldn't itself be expanded by cmd.exe.  But that left
inconsistent results between `$var1` and `%var1%` when its value was '%foo%'-
since neither were touched, `$var1` wouldn't expand but `%var1%` would.  So
instead, this just converts the Unix style to Windows style (if the variable
exists, because Windows will leave `%missing%` as-is), and lets cmd.exe do its
thing.

I then dropped the %% -> % conversion (because Windows doesn't do this), and
added the ability to escape the '$' with '\'.  The escape character is dropped,
for consistency with shell handling.

After everything seemed stable and working, running the whole test suite flagged
a problem near the end of test-bookmarks.t:1069.  The problem is cmd.exe won't
pass empty variables to its child, so defined but empty variables are now
skipped.  I can't think of anything better, and it seems like a pre-existing
violation of the documentation, which calls out that HG_OLDNODE is empty on
bookmark creation.

Future additions could potentially be replacing strong quotes with double quotes
(cmd.exe doesn't know what to do with the former), escaping a double quote, and
some tilde expansion via os.path.expanduser().  I've got some doubts about
replacing the strong quotes in case sh.exe is run, but it seems like the right
thing to do the vast majority of the time.  The original form of this was
discussed about a year ago[1].

[1] https://www.mercurial-scm.org/pipermail/mercurial-devel/2017-July/100735.html

====================================
Testing head checking code: Case A-5
====================================

Mercurial checks for the introduction of new heads on push. Evolution comes
into play to detect if existing branches on the server are being replaced by
some of the new one we push.

This case is part of a series of tests checking this behavior.

Category A: simple case involving a branch being superceeded by another.
TestCase 5: New changeset as parent of the successor

.. old-state:
..
.. * 1-changeset branch
..
.. new-state:
..
.. * 2rchangeset branch, head is a successor, but other is new
..
.. expected-result:
..
.. * push allowed
..
.. graph-summary:
..
..   A ø⇠◔ A'
..     | |
..     | ◔ B
..     |/
..     ●

  $ . $TESTDIR/testlib/push-checkheads-util.sh

Test setup
----------

  $ mkdir A5
  $ cd A5
  $ setuprepos
  creating basic server and client repo
  updating to branch default
  2 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
  $ cd client
  $ hg up 0
  0 files updated, 0 files merged, 1 files removed, 0 files unresolved
  $ mkcommit B0
  created new head
  $ mkcommit A1
  $ hg debugobsolete `getid "desc(A0)" ` `getid "desc(A1)"`
  obsoleted 1 changesets
  $ hg log -G --hidden
  @  ba93660aff8d (draft): A1
  |
  o  74ff5441d343 (draft): B0
  |
  | x  8aaa48160adc (draft): A0
  |/
  o  1e4be0697311 (public): root
  

Actual testing
--------------

  $ hg push
  pushing to $TESTTMP/A5/server
  searching for changes
  adding changesets
  adding manifests
  adding file changes
  added 2 changesets with 2 changes to 2 files (+1 heads)
  1 new obsolescence markers
  obsoleted 1 changesets

  $ cd ../..