Mercurial > hg
annotate mercurial/help/scripting.txt @ 26369:4799b5c4aaf4
help: define list of keywords that should be excluded from non-verbose output
This list will be reused by the other deprecated/experimental handling.
author | Yuya Nishihara <yuya@tcha.org> |
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date | Sat, 26 Sep 2015 11:25:38 +0900 |
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1 It is common for machines (as opposed to humans) to consume Mercurial. |
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2 This help topic describes some of the considerations for interfacing |
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3 machines with Mercurial. |
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4 |
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5 Choosing an Interface |
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6 ===================== |
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7 |
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8 Machines have a choice of several methods to interface with Mercurial. |
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9 These include: |
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10 |
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11 - Executing the ``hg`` process |
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12 - Querying a HTTP server |
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13 - Calling out to a command server |
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14 |
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15 Executing ``hg`` processes is very similar to how humans interact with |
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16 Mercurial in the shell. It should already be familiar to you. |
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17 |
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18 :hg:`serve` can be used to start a server. By default, this will start |
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19 a "hgweb" HTTP server. This HTTP server has support for machine-readable |
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20 output, such as JSON. For more, see :hg:`help hgweb`. |
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21 |
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22 :hg:`serve` can also start a "command server." Clients can connect |
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23 to this server and issue Mercurial commands over a special protocol. |
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24 For more details on the command server, including links to client |
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25 libraries, see https://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/CommandServer. |
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26 |
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27 :hg:`serve` based interfaces (the hgweb and command servers) have the |
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28 advantage over simple ``hg`` process invocations in that they are |
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29 likely more efficient. This is because there is significant overhead |
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30 to spawn new Python processes. |
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31 |
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32 .. tip:: |
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33 |
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34 If you need to invoke several ``hg`` processes in short order and/or |
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35 performance is important to you, use of a server-based interface |
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36 is highly recommended. |
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37 |
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38 Environment Variables |
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39 ===================== |
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40 |
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41 As documented in :hg:`help environment`, various environment variables |
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42 influence the operation of Mercurial. The following are particularly |
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43 relevant for machines consuming Mercurial: |
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44 |
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45 HGPLAIN |
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46 If not set, Mercurial's output could be influenced by configuration |
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47 settings that impact its encoding, verbose mode, localization, etc. |
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48 |
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49 It is highly recommended for machines to set this variable when |
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50 invoking ``hg`` processes. |
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51 |
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52 HGENCODING |
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53 If not set, the locale used by Mercurial will be detected from the |
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54 environment. If the determined locale does not support display of |
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55 certain characters, Mercurial may render these character sequences |
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56 incorrectly (often by using "?" as a placeholder for invalid |
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57 characters in the current locale). |
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58 |
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59 Explicitly setting this environment variable is a good practice to |
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60 guarantee consistent results. "utf-8" is a good choice on UNIX-like |
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61 environments. |
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62 |
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63 HGRCPATH |
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64 If not set, Mercurial will inherit config options from config files |
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65 using the process described in :hg:`help config`. This includes |
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66 inheriting user or system-wide config files. |
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67 |
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68 When utmost control over the Mercurial configuration is desired, the |
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69 value of ``HGRCPATH`` can be set to an explicit file with known good |
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70 configs. In rare cases, the value can be set to an empty file or the |
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71 null device (often ``/dev/null``) to bypass loading of any user or |
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72 system config files. Note that these approaches can have unintended |
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73 consequences, as the user and system config files often define things |
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74 like the username and extensions that may be required to interface |
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75 with a repository. |
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76 |
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77 Consuming Command Output |
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78 ======================== |
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79 |
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80 It is common for machines to need to parse the output of Mercurial |
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81 commands for relevant data. This section describes the various |
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82 techniques for doing so. |
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83 |
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84 Parsing Raw Command Output |
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85 -------------------------- |
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86 |
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87 Likely the simplest and most effective solution for consuming command |
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88 output is to simply invoke ``hg`` commands as you would as a user and |
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89 parse their output. |
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90 |
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91 The output of many commands can easily be parsed with tools like |
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92 ``grep``, ``sed``, and ``awk``. |
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93 |
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94 A potential downside with parsing command output is that the output |
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95 of commands can change when Mercurial is upgraded. While Mercurial |
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96 does generally strive for strong backwards compatibility, command |
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97 output does occasionally change. Having tests for your automated |
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98 interactions with ``hg`` commands is generally recommended, but is |
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99 even more important when raw command output parsing is involved. |
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100 |
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101 Using Templates to Control Output |
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102 --------------------------------- |
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103 |
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104 Many ``hg`` commands support templatized output via the |
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105 ``-T/--template`` argument. For more, see :hg:`help templates`. |
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106 |
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107 Templates are useful for explicitly controlling output so that |
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108 you get exactly the data you want formatted how you want it. For |
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109 example, ``log -T {node}\n`` can be used to print a newline |
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110 delimited list of changeset nodes instead of a human-tailored |
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111 output containing authors, dates, descriptions, etc. |
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112 |
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113 .. tip:: |
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114 |
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115 If parsing raw command output is too complicated, consider |
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116 using templates to make your life easier. |
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117 |
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118 The ``-T/--template`` argument allows specifying pre-defined styles. |
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119 Mercurial ships with the machine-readable styles ``json`` and ``xml``, |
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120 which provide JSON and XML output, respectively. These are useful for |
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121 producing output that is machine readable as-is. |
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122 |
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123 .. important:: |
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124 |
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125 The ``json`` and ``xml`` styles are considered experimental. While |
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126 they may be attractive to use for easily obtaining machine-readable |
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127 output, their behavior may change in subsequent versions. |
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128 |
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129 These styles may also exhibit unexpected results when dealing with |
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130 certain encodings. Mercurial treats things like filenames as a |
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131 series of bytes and normalizing certain byte sequences to JSON |
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132 or XML with certain encoding settings can lead to surprises. |
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133 |
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134 Command Server Output |
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135 --------------------- |
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136 |
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137 If using the command server to interact with Mercurial, you are likely |
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138 using an existing library/API that abstracts implementation details of |
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139 the command server. If so, this interface layer may perform parsing for |
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140 you, saving you the work of implementing it yourself. |
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141 |
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142 Output Verbosity |
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143 ---------------- |
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144 |
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145 Commands often have varying output verbosity, even when machine |
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146 readable styles are being used (e.g. ``-T json``). Adding |
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147 ``-v/--verbose`` and ``--debug`` to the command's arguments can |
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148 increase the amount of data exposed by Mercurial. |
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149 |
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150 An alternate way to get the data you need is by explicitly specifying |
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151 a template. |
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152 |
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153 Other Topics |
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154 ============ |
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155 |
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156 revsets |
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157 Revisions sets is a functional query language for selecting a set |
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158 of revisions. Think of it as SQL for Mercurial repositories. Revsets |
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159 are useful for querying repositories for specific data. |
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160 |
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161 See :hg:`help revsets` for more. |
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162 |
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163 share extension |
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164 The ``share`` extension provides functionality for sharing |
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165 repository data across several working copies. It can even |
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166 automatically "pool" storage for logically related repositories when |
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167 cloning. |
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168 |
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169 Configuring the ``share`` extension can lead to significant resource |
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170 utilization reduction, particularly around disk space and the |
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171 network. This is especially true for continuous integration (CI) |
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172 environments. |
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173 |
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174 See :hg:`help -e share` for more. |