annotate mercurial/cext/pathencode.c @ 45059:79f6f9fa18c1

documentation: add some internals documentation about bid merge

This is an important algorithm that was only documented on the wiki so far.

Some update to the algorithm (and associated doc) is to expected in the future
since the bid merge algorithm is bug-ridden when it comes to file deletion comes
to play.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D8711

/*
 pathencode.c - efficient path name encoding

 Copyright 2012 Facebook

 This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of
 the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
*/

/*
 * An implementation of the name encoding scheme used by the fncache
 * store.  The common case is of a path < 120 bytes long, which is
 * handled either in a single pass with no allocations or two passes
 * with a single allocation.  For longer paths, multiple passes are
 * required.
 */

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
#include <Python.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "util.h"

/* state machine for the fast path */
enum path_state {
	START, /* first byte of a path component */
	A,     /* "AUX" */
	AU,
	THIRD, /* third of a 3-byte sequence, e.g. "AUX", "NUL" */
	C,     /* "CON" or "COMn" */
	CO,
	COMLPT, /* "COM" or "LPT" */
	COMLPTn,
	L,
	LP,
	N,
	NU,
	P, /* "PRN" */
	PR,
	LDOT, /* leading '.' */
	DOT,  /* '.' in a non-leading position */
	H,    /* ".h" */
	HGDI, /* ".hg", ".d", or ".i" */
	SPACE,
	DEFAULT, /* byte of a path component after the first */
};

/* state machine for dir-encoding */
enum dir_state {
	DDOT,
	DH,
	DHGDI,
	DDEFAULT,
};

static inline int inset(const uint32_t bitset[], char c)
{
	return bitset[((uint8_t)c) >> 5] & (1 << (((uint8_t)c) & 31));
}

static inline void charcopy(char *dest, Py_ssize_t *destlen, size_t destsize,
                            char c)
{
	if (dest) {
		assert(*destlen < destsize);
		dest[*destlen] = c;
	}
	(*destlen)++;
}

static inline void memcopy(char *dest, Py_ssize_t *destlen, size_t destsize,
                           const void *src, Py_ssize_t len)
{
	if (dest) {
		assert(*destlen + len < destsize);
		memcpy((void *)&dest[*destlen], src, len);
	}
	*destlen += len;
}

static inline void hexencode(char *dest, Py_ssize_t *destlen, size_t destsize,
                             uint8_t c)
{
	static const char hexdigit[] = "0123456789abcdef";

	charcopy(dest, destlen, destsize, hexdigit[c >> 4]);
	charcopy(dest, destlen, destsize, hexdigit[c & 15]);
}

/* 3-byte escape: tilde followed by two hex digits */
static inline void escape3(char *dest, Py_ssize_t *destlen, size_t destsize,
                           char c)
{
	charcopy(dest, destlen, destsize, '~');
	hexencode(dest, destlen, destsize, c);
}

static Py_ssize_t _encodedir(char *dest, size_t destsize, const char *src,
                             Py_ssize_t len)
{
	enum dir_state state = DDEFAULT;
	Py_ssize_t i = 0, destlen = 0;

	while (i < len) {
		switch (state) {
		case DDOT:
			switch (src[i]) {
			case 'd':
			case 'i':
				state = DHGDI;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'h':
				state = DH;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			default:
				state = DDEFAULT;
				break;
			}
			break;
		case DH:
			if (src[i] == 'g') {
				state = DHGDI;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DDEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case DHGDI:
			if (src[i] == '/') {
				memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, ".hg", 3);
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			}
			state = DDEFAULT;
			break;
		case DDEFAULT:
			if (src[i] == '.') {
				state = DDOT;
			}
			charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			break;
		}
	}

	return destlen;
}

PyObject *encodedir(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	Py_ssize_t len, newlen;
	PyObject *pathobj, *newobj;
	char *path;

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:encodedir", &pathobj)) {
		return NULL;
	}

	if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(pathobj, &path, &len) == -1) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a string");
		return NULL;
	}

	newlen = len ? _encodedir(NULL, 0, path, len + 1) : 1;

	if (newlen == len + 1) {
		Py_INCREF(pathobj);
		return pathobj;
	}

	newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, newlen);

	if (newobj) {
		assert(PyBytes_Check(newobj));
		Py_SIZE(newobj)--;
		_encodedir(PyBytes_AS_STRING(newobj), newlen, path, len + 1);
	}

	return newobj;
}

static Py_ssize_t _encode(const uint32_t twobytes[8], const uint32_t onebyte[8],
                          char *dest, Py_ssize_t destlen, size_t destsize,
                          const char *src, Py_ssize_t len, int encodedir)
{
	enum path_state state = START;
	Py_ssize_t i = 0;

	/*
	 * Python strings end with a zero byte, which we use as a
	 * terminal token as they are not valid inside path names.
	 */

	while (i < len) {
		switch (state) {
		case START:
			switch (src[i]) {
			case '/':
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case '.':
				state = LDOT;
				escape3(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case ' ':
				state = DEFAULT;
				escape3(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'a':
				state = A;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'c':
				state = C;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'l':
				state = L;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'n':
				state = N;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'p':
				state = P;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			default:
				state = DEFAULT;
				break;
			}
			break;
		case A:
			if (src[i] == 'u') {
				state = AU;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case AU:
			if (src[i] == 'x') {
				state = THIRD;
				i++;
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case THIRD:
			state = DEFAULT;
			switch (src[i]) {
			case '.':
			case '/':
			case '\0':
				escape3(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i - 1]);
				break;
			default:
				i--;
				break;
			}
			break;
		case C:
			if (src[i] == 'o') {
				state = CO;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case CO:
			if (src[i] == 'm') {
				state = COMLPT;
				i++;
			} else if (src[i] == 'n') {
				state = THIRD;
				i++;
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case COMLPT:
			switch (src[i]) {
			case '1':
			case '2':
			case '3':
			case '4':
			case '5':
			case '6':
			case '7':
			case '8':
			case '9':
				state = COMLPTn;
				i++;
				break;
			default:
				state = DEFAULT;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i - 1]);
				break;
			}
			break;
		case COMLPTn:
			state = DEFAULT;
			switch (src[i]) {
			case '.':
			case '/':
			case '\0':
				escape3(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i - 2]);
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i - 1]);
				break;
			default:
				memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, &src[i - 2],
				        2);
				break;
			}
			break;
		case L:
			if (src[i] == 'p') {
				state = LP;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case LP:
			if (src[i] == 't') {
				state = COMLPT;
				i++;
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case N:
			if (src[i] == 'u') {
				state = NU;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case NU:
			if (src[i] == 'l') {
				state = THIRD;
				i++;
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case P:
			if (src[i] == 'r') {
				state = PR;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case PR:
			if (src[i] == 'n') {
				state = THIRD;
				i++;
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case LDOT:
			switch (src[i]) {
			case 'd':
			case 'i':
				state = HGDI;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'h':
				state = H;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			default:
				state = DEFAULT;
				break;
			}
			break;
		case DOT:
			switch (src[i]) {
			case '/':
			case '\0':
				state = START;
				memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, "~2e", 3);
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'd':
			case 'i':
				state = HGDI;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, '.');
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			case 'h':
				state = H;
				memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, ".h", 2);
				i++;
				break;
			default:
				state = DEFAULT;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, '.');
				break;
			}
			break;
		case H:
			if (src[i] == 'g') {
				state = HGDI;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case HGDI:
			if (src[i] == '/') {
				state = START;
				if (encodedir) {
					memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, ".hg",
					        3);
				}
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
			} else {
				state = DEFAULT;
			}
			break;
		case SPACE:
			switch (src[i]) {
			case '/':
			case '\0':
				state = START;
				memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, "~20", 3);
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				break;
			default:
				state = DEFAULT;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, ' ');
				break;
			}
			break;
		case DEFAULT:
			while (inset(onebyte, src[i])) {
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i++]);
				if (i == len) {
					goto done;
				}
			}
			switch (src[i]) {
			case '.':
				state = DOT;
				i++;
				break;
			case ' ':
				state = SPACE;
				i++;
				break;
			case '/':
				state = START;
				charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, '/');
				i++;
				break;
			default:
				if (inset(onebyte, src[i])) {
					do {
						charcopy(dest, &destlen,
						         destsize, src[i++]);
					} while (i < len &&
					         inset(onebyte, src[i]));
				} else if (inset(twobytes, src[i])) {
					char c = src[i++];
					charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, '_');
					charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize,
					         c == '_' ? '_' : c + 32);
				} else {
					escape3(dest, &destlen, destsize,
					        src[i++]);
				}
				break;
			}
			break;
		}
	}
done:
	return destlen;
}

static Py_ssize_t basicencode(char *dest, size_t destsize, const char *src,
                              Py_ssize_t len)
{
	static const uint32_t twobytes[8] = {0, 0, 0x87fffffe};

	static const uint32_t onebyte[8] = {
	    1,
	    0x2bff3bfa,
	    0x68000001,
	    0x2fffffff,
	};

	Py_ssize_t destlen = 0;

	return _encode(twobytes, onebyte, dest, destlen, destsize, src, len, 1);
}

static const Py_ssize_t maxstorepathlen = 120;

static Py_ssize_t _lowerencode(char *dest, size_t destsize, const char *src,
                               Py_ssize_t len)
{
	static const uint32_t onebyte[8] = {1, 0x2bfffbfb, 0xe8000001,
	                                    0x2fffffff};

	static const uint32_t lower[8] = {0, 0, 0x7fffffe};

	Py_ssize_t i, destlen = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		if (inset(onebyte, src[i])) {
			charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i]);
		} else if (inset(lower, src[i])) {
			charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i] + 32);
		} else {
			escape3(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i]);
		}
	}

	return destlen;
}

PyObject *lowerencode(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *path;
	Py_ssize_t len, newlen;
	PyObject *ret;

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, PY23("s#:lowerencode", "y#:lowerencode"),
	                      &path, &len)) {
		return NULL;
	}

	newlen = _lowerencode(NULL, 0, path, len);
	ret = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, newlen);
	if (ret) {
		_lowerencode(PyBytes_AS_STRING(ret), newlen, path, len);
	}

	return ret;
}

/* See store.py:_auxencode for a description. */
static Py_ssize_t auxencode(char *dest, size_t destsize, const char *src,
                            Py_ssize_t len)
{
	static const uint32_t twobytes[8];

	static const uint32_t onebyte[8] = {
	    ~0U, 0xffff3ffe, ~0U, ~0U, ~0U, ~0U, ~0U, ~0U,
	};

	return _encode(twobytes, onebyte, dest, 0, destsize, src, len, 0);
}

static PyObject *hashmangle(const char *src, Py_ssize_t len, const char sha[20])
{
	static const Py_ssize_t dirprefixlen = 8;
	static const Py_ssize_t maxshortdirslen = 68;
	char *dest;
	PyObject *ret;

	Py_ssize_t i, d, p, lastslash = len - 1, lastdot = -1;
	Py_ssize_t destsize, destlen = 0, slop, used;

	while (lastslash >= 0 && src[lastslash] != '/') {
		if (src[lastslash] == '.' && lastdot == -1) {
			lastdot = lastslash;
		}
		lastslash--;
	}

#if 0
	/* All paths should end in a suffix of ".i" or ".d".
           Unfortunately, the file names in test-hybridencode.py
           violate this rule.  */
	if (lastdot != len - 3) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
				"suffix missing or wrong length");
		return NULL;
	}
#endif

	/* If src contains a suffix, we will append it to the end of
	   the new string, so make room. */
	destsize = 120;
	if (lastdot >= 0) {
		destsize += len - lastdot - 1;
	}

	ret = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, destsize);
	if (ret == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}

	dest = PyBytes_AS_STRING(ret);
	memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, "dh/", 3);

	/* Copy up to dirprefixlen bytes of each path component, up to
	   a limit of maxshortdirslen bytes. */
	for (i = d = p = 0; i < lastslash; i++, p++) {
		if (src[i] == '/') {
			char d = dest[destlen - 1];
			/* After truncation, a directory name may end
			   in a space or dot, which are unportable. */
			if (d == '.' || d == ' ') {
				dest[destlen - 1] = '_';
				/* The + 3 is to account for "dh/" in the
				 * beginning */
			}
			if (destlen > maxshortdirslen + 3) {
				break;
			}
			charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i]);
			p = -1;
		} else if (p < dirprefixlen) {
			charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, src[i]);
		}
	}

	/* Rewind to just before the last slash copied. */
	if (destlen > maxshortdirslen + 3) {
		do {
			destlen--;
		} while (destlen > 0 && dest[destlen] != '/');
	}

	if (destlen > 3) {
		if (lastslash > 0) {
			char d = dest[destlen - 1];
			/* The last directory component may be
			   truncated, so make it safe. */
			if (d == '.' || d == ' ') {
				dest[destlen - 1] = '_';
			}
		}

		charcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, '/');
	}

	/* Add a prefix of the original file's name. Its length
	   depends on the number of bytes left after accounting for
	   hash and suffix. */
	used = destlen + 40;
	if (lastdot >= 0) {
		used += len - lastdot - 1;
	}
	slop = maxstorepathlen - used;
	if (slop > 0) {
		Py_ssize_t basenamelen =
		    lastslash >= 0 ? len - lastslash - 2 : len - 1;

		if (basenamelen > slop) {
			basenamelen = slop;
		}
		if (basenamelen > 0) {
			memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, &src[lastslash + 1],
			        basenamelen);
		}
	}

	/* Add hash and suffix. */
	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
		hexencode(dest, &destlen, destsize, sha[i]);
	}

	if (lastdot >= 0) {
		memcopy(dest, &destlen, destsize, &src[lastdot],
		        len - lastdot - 1);
	}

	assert(PyBytes_Check(ret));
	Py_SIZE(ret) = destlen;

	return ret;
}

/*
 * Avoiding a trip through Python would improve performance by 50%,
 * but we don't encounter enough long names to be worth the code.
 */
static int sha1hash(char hash[20], const char *str, Py_ssize_t len)
{
	static PyObject *shafunc;
	PyObject *shaobj, *hashobj;

	if (shafunc == NULL) {
		PyObject *hashlib = PyImport_ImportModule("hashlib");
		if (hashlib == NULL) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,
			                "pathencode failed to find hashlib");
			return -1;
		}
		shafunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(hashlib, "sha1");
		Py_DECREF(hashlib);

		if (shafunc == NULL) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
			                "module 'hashlib' has no "
			                "attribute 'sha1' in pathencode");
			return -1;
		}
	}

	shaobj = PyObject_CallFunction(shafunc, PY23("s#", "y#"), str, len);

	if (shaobj == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	hashobj = PyObject_CallMethod(shaobj, "digest", "");
	Py_DECREF(shaobj);
	if (hashobj == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	if (!PyBytes_Check(hashobj) || PyBytes_GET_SIZE(hashobj) != 20) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
		                "result of digest is not a 20-byte hash");
		Py_DECREF(hashobj);
		return -1;
	}

	memcpy(hash, PyBytes_AS_STRING(hashobj), 20);
	Py_DECREF(hashobj);
	return 0;
}

#define MAXENCODE 4096 * 4

static PyObject *hashencode(const char *src, Py_ssize_t len)
{
	char dired[MAXENCODE];
	char lowered[MAXENCODE];
	char auxed[MAXENCODE];
	Py_ssize_t dirlen, lowerlen, auxlen, baselen;
	char sha[20];

	baselen = (len - 5) * 3;
	if (baselen >= MAXENCODE) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string too long");
		return NULL;
	}

	dirlen = _encodedir(dired, baselen, src, len);
	if (sha1hash(sha, dired, dirlen - 1) == -1) {
		return NULL;
	}
	lowerlen = _lowerencode(lowered, baselen, dired + 5, dirlen - 5);
	auxlen = auxencode(auxed, baselen, lowered, lowerlen);
	return hashmangle(auxed, auxlen, sha);
}

PyObject *pathencode(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	Py_ssize_t len, newlen;
	PyObject *pathobj, *newobj;
	char *path;

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:pathencode", &pathobj)) {
		return NULL;
	}

	if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(pathobj, &path, &len) == -1) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a string");
		return NULL;
	}

	if (len > maxstorepathlen) {
		newlen = maxstorepathlen + 2;
	} else {
		newlen = len ? basicencode(NULL, 0, path, len + 1) : 1;
	}

	if (newlen <= maxstorepathlen + 1) {
		if (newlen == len + 1) {
			Py_INCREF(pathobj);
			return pathobj;
		}

		newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, newlen);

		if (newobj) {
			assert(PyBytes_Check(newobj));
			Py_SIZE(newobj)--;
			basicencode(PyBytes_AS_STRING(newobj), newlen, path,
			            len + 1);
		}
	} else {
		newobj = hashencode(path, len + 1);
	}

	return newobj;
}