mercurial/help.py
author Martin Geisler <mg@lazybytes.net>
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# help.py - help data for mercurial
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#
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# Copyright 2006 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
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#
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# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
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# GNU General Public License version 2, incorporated herein by reference.
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from i18n import _
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helptable = (
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    (["dates"], _("Date Formats"),
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     _(r'''
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    Some commands allow the user to specify a date, e.g.:
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    * backout, commit, import, tag: Specify the commit date.
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    * log, revert, update: Select revision(s) by date.
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    Many date formats are valid. Here are some examples:
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    "Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006" (local timezone assumed)
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    "Dec 6 13:18 -0600" (year assumed, time offset provided)
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    "Dec 6 13:18 UTC" (UTC and GMT are aliases for +0000)
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    "Dec 6" (midnight)
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    "13:18" (today assumed)
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    "3:39" (3:39AM assumed)
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    "3:39pm" (15:39)
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    "2006-12-06 13:18:29" (ISO 8601 format)
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    "2006-12-6 13:18"
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    "2006-12-6"
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    "12-6"
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    "12/6"
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    "12/6/6" (Dec 6 2006)
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    Lastly, there is Mercurial's internal format:
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    "1165432709 0" (Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006 UTC)
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    This is the internal representation format for dates. unixtime is
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    the number of seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC).
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    offset is the offset of the local timezone, in seconds west of UTC
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    (negative if the timezone is east of UTC).
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    The log command also accepts date ranges:
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    "<{datetime}" - at or before a given date/time
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    ">{datetime}" - on or after a given date/time
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    "{datetime} to {datetime}" - a date range, inclusive
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    "-{days}" - within a given number of days of today
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    ''')),
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    (["patterns"], _("File Name Patterns"),
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     _(r'''
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    Mercurial accepts several notations for identifying one or more
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    files at a time.
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    By default, Mercurial treats filenames as shell-style extended
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    glob patterns.
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    Alternate pattern notations must be specified explicitly.
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    To use a plain path name without any pattern matching, start it
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    with "path:". These path names must completely match starting at
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    the current repository root.
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    To use an extended glob, start a name with "glob:". Globs are
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    rooted at the current directory; a glob such as "*.c" will only
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    match files in the current directory ending with ".c".
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    The supported glob syntax extensions are "**" to match any string
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    across path separators and "{a,b}" to mean "a or b".
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    To use a Perl/Python regular expression, start a name with "re:".
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    Regexp pattern matching is anchored at the root of the repository.
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    Plain examples:
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    path:foo/bar   a name bar in a directory named foo in the root of
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                   the repository
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    path:path:name a file or directory named "path:name"
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    Glob examples:
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    glob:*.c       any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
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    *.c            any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
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    **.c           any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of the
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                   current directory including itself.
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    foo/*.c        any name ending in ".c" in the directory foo
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    foo/**.c       any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of foo
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                   including itself.
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    Regexp examples:
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    re:.*\.c$      any name ending in ".c", anywhere in the repository
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    ''')),
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    (['environment', 'env'], _('Environment Variables'),
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     _(r'''
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HG::
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    Path to the 'hg' executable, automatically passed when running
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    hooks, extensions or external tools. If unset or empty, this is
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    the hg executable's name if it's frozen, or an executable named
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    'hg' (with %PATHEXT% [defaulting to COM/EXE/BAT/CMD] extensions on
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    Windows) is searched.
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HGEDITOR::
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    This is the name of the editor to run when committing. See EDITOR.
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    (deprecated, use .hgrc)
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HGENCODING::
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    This overrides the default locale setting detected by Mercurial.
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    This setting is used to convert data including usernames,
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    changeset descriptions, tag names, and branches. This setting can
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    be overridden with the --encoding command-line option.
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HGENCODINGMODE::
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    This sets Mercurial's behavior for handling unknown characters
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    while transcoding user input. The default is "strict", which
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    causes Mercurial to abort if it can't map a character. Other
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    settings include "replace", which replaces unknown characters, and
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    "ignore", which drops them. This setting can be overridden with
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    the --encodingmode command-line option.
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HGMERGE::
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    An executable to use for resolving merge conflicts. The program
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    will be executed with three arguments: local file, remote file,
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    ancestor file.
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    (deprecated, use .hgrc)
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HGRCPATH::
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    A list of files or directories to search for hgrc files. Item
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    separator is ":" on Unix, ";" on Windows. If HGRCPATH is not set,
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    platform default search path is used. If empty, only the .hg/hgrc
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    from the current repository is read.
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    For each element in HGRCPATH:
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    * if it's a directory, all files ending with .rc are added
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    * otherwise, the file itself will be added
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HGUSER::
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    This is the string used as the author of a commit. If not set,
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    available values will be considered in this order:
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    * HGUSER (deprecated)
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    * hgrc files from the HGRCPATH
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    * EMAIL
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    * interactive prompt
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    * LOGNAME (with '@hostname' appended)
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    (deprecated, use .hgrc)
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EMAIL::
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    May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER.
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LOGNAME::
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    May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER.
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VISUAL::
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    This is the name of the editor to use when committing. See EDITOR.
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EDITOR::
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    Sometimes Mercurial needs to open a text file in an editor for a
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    user to modify, for example when writing commit messages. The
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    editor it uses is determined by looking at the environment
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    variables HGEDITOR, VISUAL and EDITOR, in that order. The first
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    non-empty one is chosen. If all of them are empty, the editor
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    defaults to 'vi'.
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PYTHONPATH::
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    This is used by Python to find imported modules and may need to be
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    set appropriately if this Mercurial is not installed system-wide.
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    ''')),
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    (['revs', 'revisions'], _('Specifying Single Revisions'),
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     _(r'''
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    Mercurial supports several ways to specify individual revisions.
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    A plain integer is treated as a revision number. Negative integers
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    are treated as topological offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting
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    the tip. As such, negative numbers are only useful if you've
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    memorized your local tree numbers and want to save typing a single
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    digit. This editor suggests copy and paste.
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    A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision
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    identifier.
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    A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a
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    unique revision identifier, and referred to as a short-form
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    identifier. A short-form identifier is only valid if it is the
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    prefix of exactly one full-length identifier.
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    Any other string is treated as a tag name, which is a symbolic
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    name associated with a revision identifier. Tag names may not
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    contain the ":" character.
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    The reserved name "tip" is a special tag that always identifies
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    the most recent revision.
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    The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the
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    revision of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0.
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    The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If
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    no working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null. If
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    an uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of the
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    first parent.
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    ''')),
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    (['mrevs', 'multirevs'], _('Specifying Multiple Revisions'),
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     _(r'''
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    When Mercurial accepts more than one revision, they may be
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    specified individually, or provided as a topologically continuous
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    range, separated by the ":" character.
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    The syntax of range notation is [BEGIN]:[END], where BEGIN and END
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    are revision identifiers. Both BEGIN and END are optional. If
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    BEGIN is not specified, it defaults to revision number 0. If END
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    is not specified, it defaults to the tip. The range ":" thus means
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    "all revisions".
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    If BEGIN is greater than END, revisions are treated in reverse
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    order.
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    A range acts as a closed interval. This means that a range of 3:5
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    gives 3, 4 and 5. Similarly, a range of 9:6 gives 9, 8, 7, and 6.
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    ''')),
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    (['diffs'], _('Diff Formats'),
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     _(r'''
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    Mercurial's default format for showing changes between two
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    versions of a file is compatible with the unified format of GNU
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    diff, which can be used by GNU patch and many other standard
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    tools.
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    While this standard format is often enough, it does not encode the
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    following information:
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     - executable status and other permission bits
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     - copy or rename information
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     - changes in binary files
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     - creation or deletion of empty files
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    Mercurial also supports the extended diff format from the git VCS
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    which addresses these limitations. The git diff format is not
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    produced by default because a few widespread tools still do not
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    understand this format.
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    This means that when generating diffs from a Mercurial repository
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    (e.g. with "hg export"), you should be careful about things like
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    file copies and renames or other things mentioned above, because
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    when applying a standard diff to a different repository, this
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    extra information is lost. Mercurial's internal operations (like
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    push and pull) are not affected by this, because they use an
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    internal binary format for communicating changes.
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    To make Mercurial produce the git extended diff format, use the
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    --git option available for many commands, or set 'git = True' in
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    the [diff] section of your hgrc. You do not need to set this
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    option when importing diffs in this format or using them in the mq
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    extension.
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    ''')),
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    (['templating'], _('Template Usage'),
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     _(r'''
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    Mercurial allows you to customize output of commands through
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    templates. You can either pass in a template from the command
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    line, via the --template option, or select an existing
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    template-style (--style).
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    You can customize output for any "log-like" command: log,
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    outgoing, incoming, tip, parents, heads and glog.
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    Three styles are packaged with Mercurial: default (the style used
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    when no explicit preference is passed), compact and changelog.
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    Usage:
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        $ hg log -r1 --style changelog
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    A template is a piece of text, with markup to invoke variable
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    expansion:
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        $ hg log -r1 --template "{node}\n"
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        b56ce7b07c52de7d5fd79fb89701ea538af65746
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    Strings in curly braces are called keywords. The availability of
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    keywords depends on the exact context of the templater. These
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    keywords are usually available for templating a log-like command:
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    - author: String. The unmodified author of the changeset.
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    - branches: String. The name of the branch on which the changeset
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          was committed. Will be empty if the branch name was default.
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    - date: Date information. The date when the changeset was committed.
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    - desc: String. The text of the changeset description.
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    - diffstat: String. Statistics of changes with the following
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          format: "modified files: +added/-removed lines"
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    - files: List of strings. All files modified, added, or removed by
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          this changeset.
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    - file_adds: List of strings. Files added by this changeset.
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    - file_mods: List of strings. Files modified by this changeset.
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    - file_dels: List of strings. Files removed by this changeset.
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    - node: String. The changeset identification hash, as a
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          40-character hexadecimal string.
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    - parents: List of strings. The parents of the changeset.
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    - rev: Integer. The repository-local changeset revision number.
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    - tags: List of strings. Any tags associated with the changeset.
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    The "date" keyword does not produce human-readable output. If you
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    want to use a date in your output, you can use a filter to process
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    it. Filters are functions which return a string based on the input
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    variable. You can also use a chain of filters to get the desired
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    output:
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       $ hg tip --template "{date|isodate}\n"
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       2008-08-21 18:22 +0000
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    List of filters:
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    - addbreaks: Any text. Add an XHTML "<br />" tag before the end of
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          every line except the last.
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    - age: Date. Returns a human-readable date/time difference between
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          the given date/time and the current date/time.
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    - basename: Any text. Treats the text as a path, and returns the
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          last component of the path after splitting by the path
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          separator (ignoring trailing separators). For example,
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          "foo/bar/baz" becomes "baz" and "foo/bar//" becomes "bar".
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    - stripdir: Treat the text as path and strip a directory level, if
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          possible. For example, "foo" and "foo/bar" becomes "foo".
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    - date: Date. Returns a date in a Unix date format, including
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          the timezone: "Mon Sep 04 15:13:13 2006 0700".
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    - domain: Any text. Finds the first string that looks like an
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          email address, and extracts just the domain component.
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          Example: 'User <user@example.com>' becomes 'example.com'.
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    - email: Any text. Extracts the first string that looks like an
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          email address. Example: 'User <user@example.com>' becomes
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          'user@example.com'.
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    - escape: Any text. Replaces the special XML/XHTML characters "&",
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          "<" and ">" with XML entities.
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    - fill68: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 68 columns.
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    - fill76: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 76 columns.
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    - firstline: Any text. Returns the first line of text.
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    - nonempty: Any text. Returns '(none)' if the string is empty.
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    - hgdate: Date. Returns the date as a pair of numbers:
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          "1157407993 25200" (Unix timestamp, timezone offset).
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    - isodate: Date. Returns the date in ISO 8601 format.
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    - localdate: Date. Converts a date to local date.
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    - obfuscate: Any text. Returns the input text rendered as a
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          sequence of XML entities.
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    - person: Any text. Returns the text before an email address.
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    - rfc822date: Date. Returns a date using the same format used
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          in email headers.
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    - short: Changeset hash. Returns the short form of a changeset
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          hash, i.e. a 12-byte hexadecimal string.
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    - shortdate: Date. Returns a date like "2006-09-18".
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    - strip: Any text. Strips all leading and trailing whitespace.
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    - tabindent: Any text. Returns the text, with every line except
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          the first starting with a tab character.
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    - urlescape: Any text. Escapes all "special" characters. For
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          example, "foo bar" becomes "foo%20bar".
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    - user: Any text. Returns the user portion of an email address.
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    ''')),
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    (['urls'], _('URL Paths'),
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     _(r'''
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    Valid URLs are of the form:
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      local/filesystem/path (or file://local/filesystem/path)
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      http://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
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      https://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
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      ssh://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
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    Paths in the local filesystem can either point to Mercurial
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    repositories or to bundle files (as created by 'hg bundle' or
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    'hg incoming --bundle').
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    An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag,
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    or changeset to use from the remote repository.
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    Some features, such as pushing to http:// and https:// URLs are
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    only possible if the feature is explicitly enabled on the remote
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    Mercurial server.
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    Some notes about using SSH with Mercurial:
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Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
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   382
    - SSH requires an accessible shell account on the destination
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   383
      machine and a copy of hg in the remote path or specified with as
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   384
      remotecmd.
7693
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   385
    - path is relative to the remote user's home directory by default.
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   386
      Use an extra slash at the start of a path to specify an absolute path:
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   387
        ssh://example.com//tmp/repository
8005
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Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   388
    - Mercurial doesn't use its own compression via SSH; the right
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   389
      thing to do is to configure it in your ~/.ssh/config, e.g.:
7693
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   390
        Host *.mylocalnetwork.example.com
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   391
          Compression no
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   392
        Host *
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   393
          Compression yes
8005
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Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   394
      Alternatively specify "ssh -C" as your ssh command in your hgrc
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   395
      or with the --ssh command line option.
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   396
8005
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Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   397
    These URLs can all be stored in your hgrc with path aliases under
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   398
    the [paths] section like so:
7693
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   399
    [paths]
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   400
    alias1 = URL1
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   401
    alias2 = URL2
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   402
    ...
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   403
8005
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   404
    You can then use the alias for any command that uses a URL (for
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   405
    example 'hg pull alias1' would pull from the 'alias1' path).
7693
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   406
7804
06afe0f9dbf8 help: some language fixes for help topics
timeless <timeless@gmail.com>
parents: 7764
diff changeset
   407
    Two path aliases are special because they are used as defaults
7979
6b04f12d2831 commands, help: consistently write 'URL' in upper-case
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7978
diff changeset
   408
    when you do not provide the URL to a command:
7693
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   409
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   410
    default:
8005
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Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   411
      When you create a repository with hg clone, the clone command
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   412
      saves the location of the source repository as the new
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   413
      repository's 'default' path. This is then used when you omit
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   414
      path from push- and pull-like commands (including incoming and
595baa7c726f help: word-wrap help texts at 70 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@daimi.au.dk>
parents: 7979
diff changeset
   415
      outgoing).
7693
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   416
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   417
    default-push:
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   418
      The push command will look for a path named 'default-push', and
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   419
      prefer it over 'default' if both are defined.
e040f9d6b2f3 consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents: 7678
diff changeset
   420
    ''')),
6654
2713e42dcf4e help: helptable is an ordered collection
Johannes Stezenbach <js@sig21.net>
parents: 6163
diff changeset
   421
)