view mercurial/posix.py @ 31793:69d8fcf20014

help: document bundle specifications

I softly formalized the concept of a "bundle specification" a while
ago when I was working on clone bundles and stream clone bundles and
wanted a more robust way to define what exactly is in a bundle file.

The concept has existed for a while. Since it is part of the clone
bundles feature and exposed to the user via the "-t" argument to
`hg bundle`, it is something we need to support for the long haul.

After the 4.1 release, I heard a few people comment that they didn't
realize you could generate zstd bundles with `hg bundle`. I'm
partially to blame for not documenting it in bundle's docstring.

Additionally, I added a hacky, experimental feature for controlling
the compression level of bundles in 76104a4899ad. As the commit
message says, I went with a quick and dirty solution out of time
constraints. Furthermore, I wanted to eventually store this
configuration in the "bundlespec" so it could be made more flexible.

Given:

a) bundlespecs are here to stay
b) we don't have great documentation over what they are, despite being
   a user-facing feature
c) the list of available compression engines and their behavior isn't
   exposed
d) we need an extensible place to modify behavior of compression
   engines

I want to move forward with formalizing bundlespecs as a user-facing
feature. This commit does that by introducing a "bundlespec" help
page. Leaning on the just-added compression engine documentation
and API, the topic also conveniently lists available compression
engines and details about them. This makes features like zstd
bundle compression more discoverable. e.g. you can now
`hg help -k zstd` and it lists the "bundlespec" topic.

# posix.py - Posix utility function implementations for Mercurial
#
#  Copyright 2005-2009 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]> and others
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

from __future__ import absolute_import

import errno
import fcntl
import getpass
import grp
import os
import pwd
import re
import select
import stat
import sys
import tempfile
import unicodedata

from .i18n import _
from . import (
    encoding,
    pycompat,
)

posixfile = open
normpath = os.path.normpath
samestat = os.path.samestat
try:
    oslink = os.link
except AttributeError:
    # Some platforms build Python without os.link on systems that are
    # vaguely unix-like but don't have hardlink support. For those
    # poor souls, just say we tried and that it failed so we fall back
    # to copies.
    def oslink(src, dst):
        raise OSError(errno.EINVAL,
                      'hardlinks not supported: %s to %s' % (src, dst))
unlink = os.unlink
rename = os.rename
removedirs = os.removedirs
expandglobs = False

umask = os.umask(0)
os.umask(umask)

def split(p):
    '''Same as posixpath.split, but faster

    >>> import posixpath
    >>> for f in ['/absolute/path/to/file',
    ...           'relative/path/to/file',
    ...           'file_alone',
    ...           'path/to/directory/',
    ...           '/multiple/path//separators',
    ...           '/file_at_root',
    ...           '///multiple_leading_separators_at_root',
    ...           '']:
    ...     assert split(f) == posixpath.split(f), f
    '''
    ht = p.rsplit('/', 1)
    if len(ht) == 1:
        return '', p
    nh = ht[0].rstrip('/')
    if nh:
        return nh, ht[1]
    return ht[0] + '/', ht[1]

def openhardlinks():
    '''return true if it is safe to hold open file handles to hardlinks'''
    return True

def nlinks(name):
    '''return number of hardlinks for the given file'''
    return os.lstat(name).st_nlink

def parsepatchoutput(output_line):
    """parses the output produced by patch and returns the filename"""
    pf = output_line[14:]
    if pycompat.sysplatform == 'OpenVMS':
        if pf[0] == '`':
            pf = pf[1:-1] # Remove the quotes
    else:
        if pf.startswith("'") and pf.endswith("'") and " " in pf:
            pf = pf[1:-1] # Remove the quotes
    return pf

def sshargs(sshcmd, host, user, port):
    '''Build argument list for ssh'''
    args = user and ("%s@%s" % (user, host)) or host
    return port and ("%s -p %s" % (args, port)) or args

def isexec(f):
    """check whether a file is executable"""
    return (os.lstat(f).st_mode & 0o100 != 0)

def setflags(f, l, x):
    s = os.lstat(f).st_mode
    if l:
        if not stat.S_ISLNK(s):
            # switch file to link
            fp = open(f)
            data = fp.read()
            fp.close()
            unlink(f)
            try:
                os.symlink(data, f)
            except OSError:
                # failed to make a link, rewrite file
                fp = open(f, "w")
                fp.write(data)
                fp.close()
        # no chmod needed at this point
        return
    if stat.S_ISLNK(s):
        # switch link to file
        data = os.readlink(f)
        unlink(f)
        fp = open(f, "w")
        fp.write(data)
        fp.close()
        s = 0o666 & ~umask # avoid restatting for chmod

    sx = s & 0o100
    if x and not sx:
        # Turn on +x for every +r bit when making a file executable
        # and obey umask.
        os.chmod(f, s | (s & 0o444) >> 2 & ~umask)
    elif not x and sx:
        # Turn off all +x bits
        os.chmod(f, s & 0o666)

def copymode(src, dst, mode=None):
    '''Copy the file mode from the file at path src to dst.
    If src doesn't exist, we're using mode instead. If mode is None, we're
    using umask.'''
    try:
        st_mode = os.lstat(src).st_mode & 0o777
    except OSError as inst:
        if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
            raise
        st_mode = mode
        if st_mode is None:
            st_mode = ~umask
        st_mode &= 0o666
    os.chmod(dst, st_mode)

def checkexec(path):
    """
    Check whether the given path is on a filesystem with UNIX-like exec flags

    Requires a directory (like /foo/.hg)
    """

    # VFAT on some Linux versions can flip mode but it doesn't persist
    # a FS remount. Frequently we can detect it if files are created
    # with exec bit on.

    try:
        EXECFLAGS = stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IXOTH
        cachedir = os.path.join(path, '.hg', 'cache')
        if os.path.isdir(cachedir):
            checkisexec = os.path.join(cachedir, 'checkisexec')
            checknoexec = os.path.join(cachedir, 'checknoexec')

            try:
                m = os.stat(checkisexec).st_mode
            except OSError as e:
                if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                    raise
                # checkisexec does not exist - fall through ...
            else:
                # checkisexec exists, check if it actually is exec
                if m & EXECFLAGS != 0:
                    # ensure checkisexec exists, check it isn't exec
                    try:
                        m = os.stat(checknoexec).st_mode
                    except OSError as e:
                        if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                            raise
                        open(checknoexec, 'w').close() # might fail
                        m = os.stat(checknoexec).st_mode
                    if m & EXECFLAGS == 0:
                        # check-exec is exec and check-no-exec is not exec
                        return True
                    # checknoexec exists but is exec - delete it
                    unlink(checknoexec)
                # checkisexec exists but is not exec - delete it
                unlink(checkisexec)

            # check using one file, leave it as checkisexec
            checkdir = cachedir
        else:
            # check directly in path and don't leave checkisexec behind
            checkdir = path
            checkisexec = None
        fh, fn = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=checkdir, prefix='hg-checkexec-')
        try:
            os.close(fh)
            m = os.stat(fn).st_mode
            if m & EXECFLAGS == 0:
                os.chmod(fn, m & 0o777 | EXECFLAGS)
                if os.stat(fn).st_mode & EXECFLAGS != 0:
                    if checkisexec is not None:
                        os.rename(fn, checkisexec)
                        fn = None
                    return True
        finally:
            if fn is not None:
                unlink(fn)
    except (IOError, OSError):
        # we don't care, the user probably won't be able to commit anyway
        return False

def checklink(path):
    """check whether the given path is on a symlink-capable filesystem"""
    # mktemp is not racy because symlink creation will fail if the
    # file already exists
    while True:
        cachedir = os.path.join(path, '.hg', 'cache')
        checklink = os.path.join(cachedir, 'checklink')
        # try fast path, read only
        if os.path.islink(checklink):
            return True
        if os.path.isdir(cachedir):
            checkdir = cachedir
        else:
            checkdir = path
            cachedir = None
        fscheckdir = pycompat.fsdecode(checkdir)
        name = tempfile.mktemp(dir=fscheckdir,
                               prefix=r'checklink-')
        name = pycompat.fsencode(name)
        try:
            fd = None
            if cachedir is None:
                fd = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(dir=fscheckdir,
                                                 prefix=r'hg-checklink-')
                target = pycompat.fsencode(os.path.basename(fd.name))
            else:
                # create a fixed file to link to; doesn't matter if it
                # already exists.
                target = 'checklink-target'
                open(os.path.join(cachedir, target), 'w').close()
            try:
                os.symlink(target, name)
                if cachedir is None:
                    unlink(name)
                else:
                    try:
                        os.rename(name, checklink)
                    except OSError:
                        unlink(name)
                return True
            except OSError as inst:
                # link creation might race, try again
                if inst[0] == errno.EEXIST:
                    continue
                raise
            finally:
                if fd is not None:
                    fd.close()
        except AttributeError:
            return False
        except OSError as inst:
            # sshfs might report failure while successfully creating the link
            if inst[0] == errno.EIO and os.path.exists(name):
                unlink(name)
            return False

def checkosfilename(path):
    '''Check that the base-relative path is a valid filename on this platform.
    Returns None if the path is ok, or a UI string describing the problem.'''
    pass # on posix platforms, every path is ok

def setbinary(fd):
    pass

def pconvert(path):
    return path

def localpath(path):
    return path

def samefile(fpath1, fpath2):
    """Returns whether path1 and path2 refer to the same file. This is only
    guaranteed to work for files, not directories."""
    return os.path.samefile(fpath1, fpath2)

def samedevice(fpath1, fpath2):
    """Returns whether fpath1 and fpath2 are on the same device. This is only
    guaranteed to work for files, not directories."""
    st1 = os.lstat(fpath1)
    st2 = os.lstat(fpath2)
    return st1.st_dev == st2.st_dev

# os.path.normcase is a no-op, which doesn't help us on non-native filesystems
def normcase(path):
    return path.lower()

# what normcase does to ASCII strings
normcasespec = encoding.normcasespecs.lower
# fallback normcase function for non-ASCII strings
normcasefallback = normcase

if pycompat.sysplatform == 'darwin':

    def normcase(path):
        '''
        Normalize a filename for OS X-compatible comparison:
        - escape-encode invalid characters
        - decompose to NFD
        - lowercase
        - omit ignored characters [200c-200f, 202a-202e, 206a-206f,feff]

        >>> normcase('UPPER')
        'upper'
        >>> normcase('Caf\xc3\xa9')
        'cafe\\xcc\\x81'
        >>> normcase('\xc3\x89')
        'e\\xcc\\x81'
        >>> normcase('\xb8\xca\xc3\xca\xbe\xc8.JPG') # issue3918
        '%b8%ca%c3\\xca\\xbe%c8.jpg'
        '''

        try:
            return encoding.asciilower(path)  # exception for non-ASCII
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            return normcasefallback(path)

    normcasespec = encoding.normcasespecs.lower

    def normcasefallback(path):
        try:
            u = path.decode('utf-8')
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            # OS X percent-encodes any bytes that aren't valid utf-8
            s = ''
            pos = 0
            l = len(path)
            while pos < l:
                try:
                    c = encoding.getutf8char(path, pos)
                    pos += len(c)
                except ValueError:
                    c = '%%%02X' % ord(path[pos])
                    pos += 1
                s += c

            u = s.decode('utf-8')

        # Decompose then lowercase (HFS+ technote specifies lower)
        enc = unicodedata.normalize('NFD', u).lower().encode('utf-8')
        # drop HFS+ ignored characters
        return encoding.hfsignoreclean(enc)

if pycompat.sysplatform == 'cygwin':
    # workaround for cygwin, in which mount point part of path is
    # treated as case sensitive, even though underlying NTFS is case
    # insensitive.

    # default mount points
    cygwinmountpoints = sorted([
            "/usr/bin",
            "/usr/lib",
            "/cygdrive",
            ], reverse=True)

    # use upper-ing as normcase as same as NTFS workaround
    def normcase(path):
        pathlen = len(path)
        if (pathlen == 0) or (path[0] != pycompat.ossep):
            # treat as relative
            return encoding.upper(path)

        # to preserve case of mountpoint part
        for mp in cygwinmountpoints:
            if not path.startswith(mp):
                continue

            mplen = len(mp)
            if mplen == pathlen: # mount point itself
                return mp
            if path[mplen] == pycompat.ossep:
                return mp + encoding.upper(path[mplen:])

        return encoding.upper(path)

    normcasespec = encoding.normcasespecs.other
    normcasefallback = normcase

    # Cygwin translates native ACLs to POSIX permissions,
    # but these translations are not supported by native
    # tools, so the exec bit tends to be set erroneously.
    # Therefore, disable executable bit access on Cygwin.
    def checkexec(path):
        return False

    # Similarly, Cygwin's symlink emulation is likely to create
    # problems when Mercurial is used from both Cygwin and native
    # Windows, with other native tools, or on shared volumes
    def checklink(path):
        return False

_needsshellquote = None
def shellquote(s):
    if pycompat.sysplatform == 'OpenVMS':
        return '"%s"' % s
    global _needsshellquote
    if _needsshellquote is None:
        _needsshellquote = re.compile(br'[^a-zA-Z0-9._/+-]').search
    if s and not _needsshellquote(s):
        # "s" shouldn't have to be quoted
        return s
    else:
        return "'%s'" % s.replace("'", "'\\''")

def quotecommand(cmd):
    return cmd

def popen(command, mode='r'):
    return os.popen(command, mode)

def testpid(pid):
    '''return False if pid dead, True if running or not sure'''
    if pycompat.sysplatform == 'OpenVMS':
        return True
    try:
        os.kill(pid, 0)
        return True
    except OSError as inst:
        return inst.errno != errno.ESRCH

def explainexit(code):
    """return a 2-tuple (desc, code) describing a subprocess status
    (codes from kill are negative - not os.system/wait encoding)"""
    if code >= 0:
        return _("exited with status %d") % code, code
    return _("killed by signal %d") % -code, -code

def isowner(st):
    """Return True if the stat object st is from the current user."""
    return st.st_uid == os.getuid()

def findexe(command):
    '''Find executable for command searching like which does.
    If command is a basename then PATH is searched for command.
    PATH isn't searched if command is an absolute or relative path.
    If command isn't found None is returned.'''
    if pycompat.sysplatform == 'OpenVMS':
        return command

    def findexisting(executable):
        'Will return executable if existing file'
        if os.path.isfile(executable) and os.access(executable, os.X_OK):
            return executable
        return None

    if pycompat.ossep in command:
        return findexisting(command)

    if pycompat.sysplatform == 'plan9':
        return findexisting(os.path.join('/bin', command))

    for path in encoding.environ.get('PATH', '').split(pycompat.ospathsep):
        executable = findexisting(os.path.join(path, command))
        if executable is not None:
            return executable
    return None

def setsignalhandler():
    pass

_wantedkinds = set([stat.S_IFREG, stat.S_IFLNK])

def statfiles(files):
    '''Stat each file in files. Yield each stat, or None if a file does not
    exist or has a type we don't care about.'''
    lstat = os.lstat
    getkind = stat.S_IFMT
    for nf in files:
        try:
            st = lstat(nf)
            if getkind(st.st_mode) not in _wantedkinds:
                st = None
        except OSError as err:
            if err.errno not in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ENOTDIR):
                raise
            st = None
        yield st

def getuser():
    '''return name of current user'''
    return getpass.getuser()

def username(uid=None):
    """Return the name of the user with the given uid.

    If uid is None, return the name of the current user."""

    if uid is None:
        uid = os.getuid()
    try:
        return pwd.getpwuid(uid)[0]
    except KeyError:
        return str(uid)

def groupname(gid=None):
    """Return the name of the group with the given gid.

    If gid is None, return the name of the current group."""

    if gid is None:
        gid = os.getgid()
    try:
        return grp.getgrgid(gid)[0]
    except KeyError:
        return str(gid)

def groupmembers(name):
    """Return the list of members of the group with the given
    name, KeyError if the group does not exist.
    """
    return list(grp.getgrnam(name).gr_mem)

def spawndetached(args):
    return os.spawnvp(os.P_NOWAIT | getattr(os, 'P_DETACH', 0),
                      args[0], args)

def gethgcmd():
    return sys.argv[:1]

def makedir(path, notindexed):
    os.mkdir(path)

def lookupreg(key, name=None, scope=None):
    return None

def hidewindow():
    """Hide current shell window.

    Used to hide the window opened when starting asynchronous
    child process under Windows, unneeded on other systems.
    """
    pass

class cachestat(object):
    def __init__(self, path):
        self.stat = os.stat(path)

    def cacheable(self):
        return bool(self.stat.st_ino)

    __hash__ = object.__hash__

    def __eq__(self, other):
        try:
            # Only dev, ino, size, mtime and atime are likely to change. Out
            # of these, we shouldn't compare atime but should compare the
            # rest. However, one of the other fields changing indicates
            # something fishy going on, so return False if anything but atime
            # changes.
            return (self.stat.st_mode == other.stat.st_mode and
                    self.stat.st_ino == other.stat.st_ino and
                    self.stat.st_dev == other.stat.st_dev and
                    self.stat.st_nlink == other.stat.st_nlink and
                    self.stat.st_uid == other.stat.st_uid and
                    self.stat.st_gid == other.stat.st_gid and
                    self.stat.st_size == other.stat.st_size and
                    self.stat.st_mtime == other.stat.st_mtime and
                    self.stat.st_ctime == other.stat.st_ctime)
        except AttributeError:
            return False

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self == other

def executablepath():
    return None # available on Windows only

def statislink(st):
    '''check whether a stat result is a symlink'''
    return st and stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)

def statisexec(st):
    '''check whether a stat result is an executable file'''
    return st and (st.st_mode & 0o100 != 0)

def poll(fds):
    """block until something happens on any file descriptor

    This is a generic helper that will check for any activity
    (read, write.  exception) and return the list of touched files.

    In unsupported cases, it will raise a NotImplementedError"""
    try:
        while True:
            try:
                res = select.select(fds, fds, fds)
                break
            except select.error as inst:
                if inst.args[0] == errno.EINTR:
                    continue
                raise
    except ValueError: # out of range file descriptor
        raise NotImplementedError()
    return sorted(list(set(sum(res, []))))

def readpipe(pipe):
    """Read all available data from a pipe."""
    # We can't fstat() a pipe because Linux will always report 0.
    # So, we set the pipe to non-blocking mode and read everything
    # that's available.
    flags = fcntl.fcntl(pipe, fcntl.F_GETFL)
    flags |= os.O_NONBLOCK
    oldflags = fcntl.fcntl(pipe, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags)

    try:
        chunks = []
        while True:
            try:
                s = pipe.read()
                if not s:
                    break
                chunks.append(s)
            except IOError:
                break

        return ''.join(chunks)
    finally:
        fcntl.fcntl(pipe, fcntl.F_SETFL, oldflags)

def bindunixsocket(sock, path):
    """Bind the UNIX domain socket to the specified path"""
    # use relative path instead of full path at bind() if possible, since
    # AF_UNIX path has very small length limit (107 chars) on common
    # platforms (see sys/un.h)
    dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
    bakwdfd = None
    if dirname:
        bakwdfd = os.open('.', os.O_DIRECTORY)
        os.chdir(dirname)
    sock.bind(basename)
    if bakwdfd:
        os.fchdir(bakwdfd)
        os.close(bakwdfd)