Short help:
$ hg
Mercurial Distributed SCM
basic commands:
add add the specified files on the next commit
annotate show changeset information by line for each file
clone make a copy of an existing repository
commit commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
diff diff repository (or selected files)
export dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
forget forget the specified files on the next commit
init create a new repository in the given directory
log show revision history of entire repository or files
merge merge another revision into working directory
pull pull changes from the specified source
push push changes to the specified destination
remove remove the specified files on the next commit
serve start stand-alone webserver
status show changed files in the working directory
summary summarize working directory state
update update working directory (or switch revisions)
(use "hg help" for the full list of commands or "hg -v" for details)
$ hg -q
add add the specified files on the next commit
annotate show changeset information by line for each file
clone make a copy of an existing repository
commit commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
diff diff repository (or selected files)
export dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
forget forget the specified files on the next commit
init create a new repository in the given directory
log show revision history of entire repository or files
merge merge another revision into working directory
pull pull changes from the specified source
push push changes to the specified destination
remove remove the specified files on the next commit
serve start stand-alone webserver
status show changed files in the working directory
summary summarize working directory state
update update working directory (or switch revisions)
$ hg help
Mercurial Distributed SCM
list of commands:
add add the specified files on the next commit
addremove add all new files, delete all missing files
annotate show changeset information by line for each file
archive create an unversioned archive of a repository revision
backout reverse effect of earlier changeset
bisect subdivision search of changesets
bookmarks create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
branch set or show the current branch name
branches list repository named branches
bundle create a changegroup file
cat output the current or given revision of files
clone make a copy of an existing repository
commit commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
config show combined config settings from all hgrc files
copy mark files as copied for the next commit
diff diff repository (or selected files)
export dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
files list tracked files
forget forget the specified files on the next commit
graft copy changes from other branches onto the current branch
grep search for a pattern in specified files and revisions
heads show branch heads
help show help for a given topic or a help overview
identify identify the working directory or specified revision
import import an ordered set of patches
incoming show new changesets found in source
init create a new repository in the given directory
log show revision history of entire repository or files
manifest output the current or given revision of the project manifest
merge merge another revision into working directory
outgoing show changesets not found in the destination
paths show aliases for remote repositories
phase set or show the current phase name
pull pull changes from the specified source
push push changes to the specified destination
recover roll back an interrupted transaction
remove remove the specified files on the next commit
rename rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
resolve redo merges or set/view the merge status of files
revert restore files to their checkout state
root print the root (top) of the current working directory
serve start stand-alone webserver
status show changed files in the working directory
summary summarize working directory state
tag add one or more tags for the current or given revision
tags list repository tags
unbundle apply one or more changegroup files
update update working directory (or switch revisions)
verify verify the integrity of the repository
version output version and copyright information
additional help topics:
config Configuration Files
dates Date Formats
diffs Diff Formats
environment Environment Variables
extensions Using Additional Features
filesets Specifying File Sets
glossary Glossary
hgignore Syntax for Mercurial Ignore Files
hgweb Configuring hgweb
internals Technical implementation topics
merge-tools Merge Tools
multirevs Specifying Multiple Revisions
patterns File Name Patterns
phases Working with Phases
revisions Specifying Single Revisions
revsets Specifying Revision Sets
scripting Using Mercurial from scripts and automation
subrepos Subrepositories
templating Template Usage
urls URL Paths
(use "hg help -v" to show built-in aliases and global options)
$ hg -q help
add add the specified files on the next commit
addremove add all new files, delete all missing files
annotate show changeset information by line for each file
archive create an unversioned archive of a repository revision
backout reverse effect of earlier changeset
bisect subdivision search of changesets
bookmarks create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
branch set or show the current branch name
branches list repository named branches
bundle create a changegroup file
cat output the current or given revision of files
clone make a copy of an existing repository
commit commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
config show combined config settings from all hgrc files
copy mark files as copied for the next commit
diff diff repository (or selected files)
export dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
files list tracked files
forget forget the specified files on the next commit
graft copy changes from other branches onto the current branch
grep search for a pattern in specified files and revisions
heads show branch heads
help show help for a given topic or a help overview
identify identify the working directory or specified revision
import import an ordered set of patches
incoming show new changesets found in source
init create a new repository in the given directory
log show revision history of entire repository or files
manifest output the current or given revision of the project manifest
merge merge another revision into working directory
outgoing show changesets not found in the destination
paths show aliases for remote repositories
phase set or show the current phase name
pull pull changes from the specified source
push push changes to the specified destination
recover roll back an interrupted transaction
remove remove the specified files on the next commit
rename rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
resolve redo merges or set/view the merge status of files
revert restore files to their checkout state
root print the root (top) of the current working directory
serve start stand-alone webserver
status show changed files in the working directory
summary summarize working directory state
tag add one or more tags for the current or given revision
tags list repository tags
unbundle apply one or more changegroup files
update update working directory (or switch revisions)
verify verify the integrity of the repository
version output version and copyright information
additional help topics:
config Configuration Files
dates Date Formats
diffs Diff Formats
environment Environment Variables
extensions Using Additional Features
filesets Specifying File Sets
glossary Glossary
hgignore Syntax for Mercurial Ignore Files
hgweb Configuring hgweb
internals Technical implementation topics
merge-tools Merge Tools
multirevs Specifying Multiple Revisions
patterns File Name Patterns
phases Working with Phases
revisions Specifying Single Revisions
revsets Specifying Revision Sets
scripting Using Mercurial from scripts and automation
subrepos Subrepositories
templating Template Usage
urls URL Paths
Test extension help:
$ hg help extensions --config extensions.rebase= --config extensions.children=
Using Additional Features
"""""""""""""""""""""""""
Mercurial has the ability to add new features through the use of
extensions. Extensions may add new commands, add options to existing
commands, change the default behavior of commands, or implement hooks.
To enable the "foo" extension, either shipped with Mercurial or in the
Python search path, create an entry for it in your configuration file,
like this:
[extensions]
foo =
You may also specify the full path to an extension:
[extensions]
myfeature = ~/.hgext/myfeature.py
See 'hg help config' for more information on configuration files.
Extensions are not loaded by default for a variety of reasons: they can
increase startup overhead; they may be meant for advanced usage only; they
may provide potentially dangerous abilities (such as letting you destroy
or modify history); they might not be ready for prime time; or they may
alter some usual behaviors of stock Mercurial. It is thus up to the user
to activate extensions as needed.
To explicitly disable an extension enabled in a configuration file of
broader scope, prepend its path with !:
[extensions]
# disabling extension bar residing in /path/to/extension/bar.py
bar = !/path/to/extension/bar.py
# ditto, but no path was supplied for extension baz
baz = !
enabled extensions:
chgserver command server extension for cHg (EXPERIMENTAL) (?)
children command to display child changesets (DEPRECATED)
rebase command to move sets of revisions to a different ancestor
disabled extensions:
acl hooks for controlling repository access
blackbox log repository events to a blackbox for debugging
bugzilla hooks for integrating with the Bugzilla bug tracker
censor erase file content at a given revision
churn command to display statistics about repository history
clonebundles advertise pre-generated bundles to seed clones
color colorize output from some commands
convert import revisions from foreign VCS repositories into
Mercurial
eol automatically manage newlines in repository files
extdiff command to allow external programs to compare revisions
factotum http authentication with factotum
gpg commands to sign and verify changesets
hgcia hooks for integrating with the CIA.vc notification service
hgk browse the repository in a graphical way
highlight syntax highlighting for hgweb (requires Pygments)
histedit interactive history editing
keyword expand keywords in tracked files
largefiles track large binary files
mq manage a stack of patches
notify hooks for sending email push notifications
pager browse command output with an external pager
patchbomb command to send changesets as (a series of) patch emails
purge command to delete untracked files from the working
directory
relink recreates hardlinks between repository clones
schemes extend schemes with shortcuts to repository swarms
share share a common history between several working directories
shelve save and restore changes to the working directory
strip strip changesets and their descendants from history
transplant command to transplant changesets from another branch
win32mbcs allow the use of MBCS paths with problematic encodings
zeroconf discover and advertise repositories on the local network
Verify that extension keywords appear in help templates
$ hg help --config extensions.transplant= templating|grep transplant > /dev/null
Test short command list with verbose option
$ hg -v help shortlist
Mercurial Distributed SCM
basic commands:
add add the specified files on the next commit
annotate, blame
show changeset information by line for each file
clone make a copy of an existing repository
commit, ci commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
diff diff repository (or selected files)
export dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
forget forget the specified files on the next commit
init create a new repository in the given directory
log, history show revision history of entire repository or files
merge merge another revision into working directory
pull pull changes from the specified source
push push changes to the specified destination
remove, rm remove the specified files on the next commit
serve start stand-alone webserver
status, st show changed files in the working directory
summary, sum summarize working directory state
update, up, checkout, co
update working directory (or switch revisions)
global options ([+] can be repeated):
-R --repository REPO repository root directory or name of overlay bundle
file
--cwd DIR change working directory
-y --noninteractive do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for
all prompts
-q --quiet suppress output
-v --verbose enable additional output
--config CONFIG [+] set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')
--debug enable debugging output
--debugger start debugger
--encoding ENCODE set the charset encoding (default: ascii)
--encodingmode MODE set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)
--traceback always print a traceback on exception
--time time how long the command takes
--profile print command execution profile
--version output version information and exit
-h --help display help and exit
--hidden consider hidden changesets
(use "hg help" for the full list of commands)
$ hg add -h
hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...
add the specified files on the next commit
Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the repository.
The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To undo an
add before that, see 'hg forget'.
If no names are given, add all files to the repository (except files
matching ".hgignore").
Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.
options ([+] can be repeated):
-I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
-X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
-S --subrepos recurse into subrepositories
-n --dry-run do not perform actions, just print output
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
Verbose help for add
$ hg add -hv
hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...
add the specified files on the next commit
Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the repository.
The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To undo an
add before that, see 'hg forget'.
If no names are given, add all files to the repository (except files
matching ".hgignore").
Examples:
- New (unknown) files are added automatically by 'hg add':
$ ls
foo.c
$ hg status
? foo.c
$ hg add
adding foo.c
$ hg status
A foo.c
- Specific files to be added can be specified:
$ ls
bar.c foo.c
$ hg status
? bar.c
? foo.c
$ hg add bar.c
$ hg status
A bar.c
? foo.c
Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.
options ([+] can be repeated):
-I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
-X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
-S --subrepos recurse into subrepositories
-n --dry-run do not perform actions, just print output
global options ([+] can be repeated):
-R --repository REPO repository root directory or name of overlay bundle
file
--cwd DIR change working directory
-y --noninteractive do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for
all prompts
-q --quiet suppress output
-v --verbose enable additional output
--config CONFIG [+] set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')
--debug enable debugging output
--debugger start debugger
--encoding ENCODE set the charset encoding (default: ascii)
--encodingmode MODE set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)
--traceback always print a traceback on exception
--time time how long the command takes
--profile print command execution profile
--version output version information and exit
-h --help display help and exit
--hidden consider hidden changesets
Test help option with version option
$ hg add -h --version
Mercurial Distributed SCM (version *) (glob)
(see https://mercurial-scm.org for more information)
Copyright (C) 2005-2016 Matt Mackall and others
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
$ hg add --skjdfks
hg add: option --skjdfks not recognized
hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...
add the specified files on the next commit
options ([+] can be repeated):
-I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
-X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
-S --subrepos recurse into subrepositories
-n --dry-run do not perform actions, just print output
(use "hg add -h" to show more help)
[255]
Test ambiguous command help
$ hg help ad
list of commands:
add add the specified files on the next commit
addremove add all new files, delete all missing files
(use "hg help -v ad" to show built-in aliases and global options)
Test command without options
$ hg help verify
hg verify
verify the integrity of the repository
Verify the integrity of the current repository.
This will perform an extensive check of the repository's integrity,
validating the hashes and checksums of each entry in the changelog,
manifest, and tracked files, as well as the integrity of their crosslinks
and indices.
Please see https://mercurial-scm.org/wiki/RepositoryCorruption for more
information about recovery from corruption of the repository.
Returns 0 on success, 1 if errors are encountered.
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
$ hg help diff
hg diff [OPTION]... ([-c REV] | [-r REV1 [-r REV2]]) [FILE]...
diff repository (or selected files)
Show differences between revisions for the specified files.
Differences between files are shown using the unified diff format.
Note:
'hg diff' may generate unexpected results for merges, as it will
default to comparing against the working directory's first parent
changeset if no revisions are specified.
When two revision arguments are given, then changes are shown between
those revisions. If only one revision is specified then that revision is
compared to the working directory, and, when no revisions are specified,
the working directory files are compared to its first parent.
Alternatively you can specify -c/--change with a revision to see the
changes in that changeset relative to its first parent.
Without the -a/--text option, diff will avoid generating diffs of files it
detects as binary. With -a, diff will generate a diff anyway, probably
with undesirable results.
Use the -g/--git option to generate diffs in the git extended diff format.
For more information, read 'hg help diffs'.
Returns 0 on success.
options ([+] can be repeated):
-r --rev REV [+] revision
-c --change REV change made by revision
-a --text treat all files as text
-g --git use git extended diff format
--nodates omit dates from diff headers
--noprefix omit a/ and b/ prefixes from filenames
-p --show-function show which function each change is in
--reverse produce a diff that undoes the changes
-w --ignore-all-space ignore white space when comparing lines
-b --ignore-space-change ignore changes in the amount of white space
-B --ignore-blank-lines ignore changes whose lines are all blank
-U --unified NUM number of lines of context to show
--stat output diffstat-style summary of changes
--root DIR produce diffs relative to subdirectory
-I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
-X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
-S --subrepos recurse into subrepositories
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
$ hg help status
hg status [OPTION]... [FILE]...
aliases: st
show changed files in the working directory
Show status of files in the repository. If names are given, only files
that match are shown. Files that are clean or ignored or the source of a
copy/move operation, are not listed unless -c/--clean, -i/--ignored,
-C/--copies or -A/--all are given. Unless options described with "show
only ..." are given, the options -mardu are used.
Option -q/--quiet hides untracked (unknown and ignored) files unless
explicitly requested with -u/--unknown or -i/--ignored.
Note:
'hg status' may appear to disagree with diff if permissions have
changed or a merge has occurred. The standard diff format does not
report permission changes and diff only reports changes relative to one
merge parent.
If one revision is given, it is used as the base revision. If two
revisions are given, the differences between them are shown. The --change
option can also be used as a shortcut to list the changed files of a
revision from its first parent.
The codes used to show the status of files are:
M = modified
A = added
R = removed
C = clean
! = missing (deleted by non-hg command, but still tracked)
? = not tracked
I = ignored
= origin of the previous file (with --copies)
Returns 0 on success.
options ([+] can be repeated):
-A --all show status of all files
-m --modified show only modified files
-a --added show only added files
-r --removed show only removed files
-d --deleted show only deleted (but tracked) files
-c --clean show only files without changes
-u --unknown show only unknown (not tracked) files
-i --ignored show only ignored files
-n --no-status hide status prefix
-C --copies show source of copied files
-0 --print0 end filenames with NUL, for use with xargs
--rev REV [+] show difference from revision
--change REV list the changed files of a revision
-I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
-X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
-S --subrepos recurse into subrepositories
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
$ hg -q help status
hg status [OPTION]... [FILE]...
show changed files in the working directory
$ hg help foo
abort: no such help topic: foo
(try "hg help --keyword foo")
[255]
$ hg skjdfks
hg: unknown command 'skjdfks'
Mercurial Distributed SCM
basic commands:
add add the specified files on the next commit
annotate show changeset information by line for each file
clone make a copy of an existing repository
commit commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
diff diff repository (or selected files)
export dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
forget forget the specified files on the next commit
init create a new repository in the given directory
log show revision history of entire repository or files
merge merge another revision into working directory
pull pull changes from the specified source
push push changes to the specified destination
remove remove the specified files on the next commit
serve start stand-alone webserver
status show changed files in the working directory
summary summarize working directory state
update update working directory (or switch revisions)
(use "hg help" for the full list of commands or "hg -v" for details)
[255]
Make sure that we don't run afoul of the help system thinking that
this is a section and erroring out weirdly.
$ hg .log
hg: unknown command '.log'
(did you mean log?)
[255]
$ hg log.
hg: unknown command 'log.'
(did you mean log?)
[255]
$ hg pu.lh
hg: unknown command 'pu.lh'
(did you mean one of pull, push?)
[255]
$ cat > helpext.py <<EOF
> import os
> from mercurial import cmdutil, commands
>
> cmdtable = {}
> command = cmdutil.command(cmdtable)
>
> @command('nohelp',
> [('', 'longdesc', 3, 'x'*90),
> ('n', '', None, 'normal desc'),
> ('', 'newline', '', 'line1\nline2')],
> 'hg nohelp',
> norepo=True)
> @command('debugoptDEP', [('', 'dopt', None, 'option is (DEPRECATED)')])
> @command('debugoptEXP', [('', 'eopt', None, 'option is (EXPERIMENTAL)')])
> def nohelp(ui, *args, **kwargs):
> pass
>
> def uisetup(ui):
> ui.setconfig('alias', 'shellalias', '!echo hi', 'helpext')
> ui.setconfig('alias', 'hgalias', 'summary', 'helpext')
>
> EOF
$ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
$ echo "helpext = `pwd`/helpext.py" >> $HGRCPATH
Test for aliases
$ hg help hgalias
hg hgalias [--remote]
alias for: hg summary
summarize working directory state
This generates a brief summary of the working directory state, including
parents, branch, commit status, phase and available updates.
With the --remote option, this will check the default paths for incoming
and outgoing changes. This can be time-consuming.
Returns 0 on success.
defined by: helpext
options:
--remote check for push and pull
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
$ hg help shellalias
hg shellalias
shell alias for:
echo hi
defined by: helpext
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
Test command with no help text
$ hg help nohelp
hg nohelp
(no help text available)
options:
--longdesc VALUE xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (default: 3)
-n -- normal desc
--newline VALUE line1 line2
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
$ hg help -k nohelp
Commands:
nohelp hg nohelp
Extension Commands:
nohelp (no help text available)
Test that default list of commands omits extension commands
$ hg help
Mercurial Distributed SCM
list of commands:
add add the specified files on the next commit
addremove add all new files, delete all missing files
annotate show changeset information by line for each file
archive create an unversioned archive of a repository revision
backout reverse effect of earlier changeset
bisect subdivision search of changesets
bookmarks create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
branch set or show the current branch name
branches list repository named branches
bundle create a changegroup file
cat output the current or given revision of files
clone make a copy of an existing repository
commit commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
config show combined config settings from all hgrc files
copy mark files as copied for the next commit
diff diff repository (or selected files)
export dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
files list tracked files
forget forget the specified files on the next commit
graft copy changes from other branches onto the current branch
grep search for a pattern in specified files and revisions
heads show branch heads
help show help for a given topic or a help overview
identify identify the working directory or specified revision
import import an ordered set of patches
incoming show new changesets found in source
init create a new repository in the given directory
log show revision history of entire repository or files
manifest output the current or given revision of the project manifest
merge merge another revision into working directory
outgoing show changesets not found in the destination
paths show aliases for remote repositories
phase set or show the current phase name
pull pull changes from the specified source
push push changes to the specified destination
recover roll back an interrupted transaction
remove remove the specified files on the next commit
rename rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
resolve redo merges or set/view the merge status of files
revert restore files to their checkout state
root print the root (top) of the current working directory
serve start stand-alone webserver
status show changed files in the working directory
summary summarize working directory state
tag add one or more tags for the current or given revision
tags list repository tags
unbundle apply one or more changegroup files
update update working directory (or switch revisions)
verify verify the integrity of the repository
version output version and copyright information
enabled extensions:
helpext (no help text available)
additional help topics:
config Configuration Files
dates Date Formats
diffs Diff Formats
environment Environment Variables
extensions Using Additional Features
filesets Specifying File Sets
glossary Glossary
hgignore Syntax for Mercurial Ignore Files
hgweb Configuring hgweb
internals Technical implementation topics
merge-tools Merge Tools
multirevs Specifying Multiple Revisions
patterns File Name Patterns
phases Working with Phases
revisions Specifying Single Revisions
revsets Specifying Revision Sets
scripting Using Mercurial from scripts and automation
subrepos Subrepositories
templating Template Usage
urls URL Paths
(use "hg help -v" to show built-in aliases and global options)
Test list of internal help commands
$ hg help debug
debug commands (internal and unsupported):
debugancestor
find the ancestor revision of two revisions in a given index
debugapplystreamclonebundle
apply a stream clone bundle file
debugbuilddag
builds a repo with a given DAG from scratch in the current
empty repo
debugbundle lists the contents of a bundle
debugcheckstate
validate the correctness of the current dirstate
debugcommands
list all available commands and options
debugcomplete
returns the completion list associated with the given command
debugcreatestreamclonebundle
create a stream clone bundle file
debugdag format the changelog or an index DAG as a concise textual
description
debugdata dump the contents of a data file revision
debugdate parse and display a date
debugdeltachain
dump information about delta chains in a revlog
debugdirstate
show the contents of the current dirstate
debugdiscovery
runs the changeset discovery protocol in isolation
debugextensions
show information about active extensions
debugfileset parse and apply a fileset specification
debugfsinfo show information detected about current filesystem
debuggetbundle
retrieves a bundle from a repo
debugignore display the combined ignore pattern and information about
ignored files
debugindex dump the contents of an index file
debugindexdot
dump an index DAG as a graphviz dot file
debuginstall test Mercurial installation
debugknown test whether node ids are known to a repo
debuglocks show or modify state of locks
debugmergestate
print merge state
debugnamecomplete
complete "names" - tags, open branch names, bookmark names
debugobsolete
create arbitrary obsolete marker
debugoptDEP (no help text available)
debugoptEXP (no help text available)
debugpathcomplete
complete part or all of a tracked path
debugpushkey access the pushkey key/value protocol
debugpvec (no help text available)
debugrebuilddirstate
rebuild the dirstate as it would look like for the given
revision
debugrebuildfncache
rebuild the fncache file
debugrename dump rename information
debugrevlog show data and statistics about a revlog
debugrevspec parse and apply a revision specification
debugsetparents
manually set the parents of the current working directory
debugsub (no help text available)
debugsuccessorssets
show set of successors for revision
debugtemplate
parse and apply a template
debugwalk show how files match on given patterns
debugwireargs
(no help text available)
(use "hg help -v debug" to show built-in aliases and global options)
internals topic renders index of available sub-topics
$ hg help internals
Technical implementation topics
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
bundles container for exchange of repository data
changegroups representation of revlog data
requirements repository requirements
revlogs revision storage mechanism
sub-topics can be accessed
$ hg help internals.changegroups
Changegroups
============
Changegroups are representations of repository revlog data, specifically
the changelog, manifest, and filelogs.
There are 3 versions of changegroups: "1", "2", and "3". From a high-
level, versions "1" and "2" are almost exactly the same, with the only
difference being a header on entries in the changeset segment. Version "3"
adds support for exchanging treemanifests and includes revlog flags in the
delta header.
Changegroups consists of 3 logical segments:
+---------------------------------+
| | | |
| changeset | manifest | filelogs |
| | | |
+---------------------------------+
The principle building block of each segment is a *chunk*. A *chunk* is a
framed piece of data:
+---------------------------------------+
| | |
| length | data |
| (32 bits) | <length> bytes |
| | |
+---------------------------------------+
Each chunk starts with a 32-bit big-endian signed integer indicating the
length of the raw data that follows.
There is a special case chunk that has 0 length ("0x00000000"). We call
this an *empty chunk*.
Delta Groups
------------
A *delta group* expresses the content of a revlog as a series of deltas,
or patches against previous revisions.
Delta groups consist of 0 or more *chunks* followed by the *empty chunk*
to signal the end of the delta group:
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | |
| chunk0 length | chunk0 data | chunk1 length | chunk1 data | 0x0 |
| (32 bits) | (various) | (32 bits) | (various) | (32 bits) |
| | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
Each *chunk*'s data consists of the following:
+-----------------------------------------+
| | | |
| delta header | mdiff header | delta |
| (various) | (12 bytes) | (various) |
| | | |
+-----------------------------------------+
The *length* field is the byte length of the remaining 3 logical pieces of
data. The *delta* is a diff from an existing entry in the changelog.
The *delta header* is different between versions "1", "2", and "3" of the
changegroup format.
Version 1:
+------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
| node | p1 node | p2 node | link node |
| (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) |
| | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------+
Version 2:
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | |
| node | p1 node | p2 node | base node | link node |
| (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) |
| | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Version 3:
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | | |
| node | p1 node | p2 node | base node | link node | flags |
| (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (2 bytes) |
| | | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
The *mdiff header* consists of 3 32-bit big-endian signed integers
describing offsets at which to apply the following delta content:
+-------------------------------------+
| | | |
| offset | old length | new length |
| (32 bits) | (32 bits) | (32 bits) |
| | | |
+-------------------------------------+
In version 1, the delta is always applied against the previous node from
the changegroup or the first parent if this is the first entry in the
changegroup.
In version 2, the delta base node is encoded in the entry in the
changegroup. This allows the delta to be expressed against any parent,
which can result in smaller deltas and more efficient encoding of data.
Changeset Segment
-----------------
The *changeset segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding
changelog data. It is followed by an *empty chunk* to denote the boundary
to the *manifests segment*.
Manifest Segment
----------------
The *manifest segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding manifest
data. It is followed by an *empty chunk* to denote the boundary to the
*filelogs segment*.
Filelogs Segment
----------------
The *filelogs* segment consists of multiple sub-segments, each
corresponding to an individual file whose data is being described:
+--------------------------------------+
| | | | |
| filelog0 | filelog1 | filelog2 | ... |
| | | | |
+--------------------------------------+
In version "3" of the changegroup format, filelogs may include directory
logs when treemanifests are in use. directory logs are identified by
having a trailing '/' on their filename (see below).
The final filelog sub-segment is followed by an *empty chunk* to denote
the end of the segment and the overall changegroup.
Each filelog sub-segment consists of the following:
+------------------------------------------+
| | | |
| filename size | filename | delta group |
| (32 bits) | (various) | (various) |
| | | |
+------------------------------------------+
That is, a *chunk* consisting of the filename (not terminated or padded)
followed by N chunks constituting the *delta group* for this file.
Test list of commands with command with no help text
$ hg help helpext
helpext extension - no help text available
list of commands:
nohelp (no help text available)
(use "hg help -v helpext" to show built-in aliases and global options)
test deprecated and experimental options are hidden in command help
$ hg help debugoptDEP
hg debugoptDEP
(no help text available)
options:
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
$ hg help debugoptEXP
hg debugoptEXP
(no help text available)
options:
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
test deprecated and experimental options is shown with -v
$ hg help -v debugoptDEP | grep dopt
--dopt option is (DEPRECATED)
$ hg help -v debugoptEXP | grep eopt
--eopt option is (EXPERIMENTAL)
#if gettext
test deprecated option is hidden with translation with untranslated description
(use many globy for not failing on changed transaction)
$ LANGUAGE=sv hg help debugoptDEP
hg debugoptDEP
(*) (glob)
options:
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
#endif
Test commands that collide with topics (issue4240)
$ hg config -hq
hg config [-u] [NAME]...
show combined config settings from all hgrc files
$ hg showconfig -hq
hg config [-u] [NAME]...
show combined config settings from all hgrc files
Test a help topic
$ hg help revs
Specifying Single Revisions
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Mercurial supports several ways to specify individual revisions.
A plain integer is treated as a revision number. Negative integers are
treated as sequential offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting the tip, -2
denoting the revision prior to the tip, and so forth.
A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision identifier.
A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a unique
revision identifier and is referred to as a short-form identifier. A
short-form identifier is only valid if it is the prefix of exactly one
full-length identifier.
Any other string is treated as a bookmark, tag, or branch name. A bookmark
is a movable pointer to a revision. A tag is a permanent name associated
with a revision. A branch name denotes the tipmost open branch head of
that branch - or if they are all closed, the tipmost closed head of the
branch. Bookmark, tag, and branch names must not contain the ":"
character.
The reserved name "tip" always identifies the most recent revision.
The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the revision
of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0.
The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If no
working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null. If an
uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of the first parent.
Test repeated config section name
$ hg help config.host
"http_proxy.host"
Host name and (optional) port of the proxy server, for example
"myproxy:8000".
"smtp.host"
Host name of mail server, e.g. "mail.example.com".
Unrelated trailing paragraphs shouldn't be included
$ hg help config.extramsg | grep '^$'
Test capitalized section name
$ hg help scripting.HGPLAIN > /dev/null
Help subsection:
$ hg help config.charsets |grep "Email example:" > /dev/null
[1]
Show nested definitions
("profiling.type"[break]"ls"[break]"stat"[break])
$ hg help config.type | egrep '^$'|wc -l
\s*3 (re)
Separate sections from subsections
$ hg help config.format | egrep '^ ("|-)|^\s*$' | uniq
"format"
--------
"usegeneraldelta"
"dotencode"
"usefncache"
"usestore"
"profiling"
-----------
"format"
"progress"
----------
"format"
Last item in help config.*:
$ hg help config.`hg help config|grep '^ "'| \
> tail -1|sed 's![ "]*!!g'`| \
> grep "hg help -c config" > /dev/null
[1]
note to use help -c for general hg help config:
$ hg help config |grep "hg help -c config" > /dev/null
Test templating help
$ hg help templating | egrep '(desc|diffstat|firstline|nonempty) '
desc String. The text of the changeset description.
diffstat String. Statistics of changes with the following format:
firstline Any text. Returns the first line of text.
nonempty Any text. Returns '(none)' if the string is empty.
Test deprecated items
$ hg help -v templating | grep currentbookmark
currentbookmark
$ hg help templating | (grep currentbookmark || true)
Test help hooks
$ cat > helphook1.py <<EOF
> from mercurial import help
>
> def rewrite(ui, topic, doc):
> return doc + '\nhelphook1\n'
>
> def extsetup(ui):
> help.addtopichook('revsets', rewrite)
> EOF
$ cat > helphook2.py <<EOF
> from mercurial import help
>
> def rewrite(ui, topic, doc):
> return doc + '\nhelphook2\n'
>
> def extsetup(ui):
> help.addtopichook('revsets', rewrite)
> EOF
$ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
$ echo "helphook1 = `pwd`/helphook1.py" >> $HGRCPATH
$ echo "helphook2 = `pwd`/helphook2.py" >> $HGRCPATH
$ hg help revsets | grep helphook
helphook1
helphook2
help -c should only show debug --debug
$ hg help -c --debug|egrep debug|wc -l|egrep '^\s*0\s*$'
[1]
help -c should only show deprecated for -v
$ hg help -c -v|egrep DEPRECATED|wc -l|egrep '^\s*0\s*$'
[1]
Test -s / --system
$ hg help config.files -s windows |grep 'etc/mercurial' | \
> wc -l | sed -e 's/ //g'
0
$ hg help config.files --system unix | grep 'USER' | \
> wc -l | sed -e 's/ //g'
0
Test -e / -c / -k combinations
$ hg help -c|egrep '^[A-Z].*:|^ debug'
Commands:
$ hg help -e|egrep '^[A-Z].*:|^ debug'
Extensions:
$ hg help -k|egrep '^[A-Z].*:|^ debug'
Topics:
Commands:
Extensions:
Extension Commands:
$ hg help -c schemes
abort: no such help topic: schemes
(try "hg help --keyword schemes")
[255]
$ hg help -e schemes |head -1
schemes extension - extend schemes with shortcuts to repository swarms
$ hg help -c -k dates |egrep '^(Topics|Extensions|Commands):'
Commands:
$ hg help -e -k a |egrep '^(Topics|Extensions|Commands):'
Extensions:
$ hg help -e -c -k date |egrep '^(Topics|Extensions|Commands):'
Extensions:
Commands:
$ hg help -c commit > /dev/null
$ hg help -e -c commit > /dev/null
$ hg help -e commit > /dev/null
abort: no such help topic: commit
(try "hg help --keyword commit")
[255]
Test keyword search help
$ cat > prefixedname.py <<EOF
> '''matched against word "clone"
> '''
> EOF
$ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
$ echo "dot.dot.prefixedname = `pwd`/prefixedname.py" >> $HGRCPATH
$ hg help -k clone
Topics:
config Configuration Files
extensions Using Additional Features
glossary Glossary
phases Working with Phases
subrepos Subrepositories
urls URL Paths
Commands:
bookmarks create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
clone make a copy of an existing repository
paths show aliases for remote repositories
update update working directory (or switch revisions)
Extensions:
clonebundles advertise pre-generated bundles to seed clones
prefixedname matched against word "clone"
relink recreates hardlinks between repository clones
Extension Commands:
qclone clone main and patch repository at same time
Test unfound topic
$ hg help nonexistingtopicthatwillneverexisteverever
abort: no such help topic: nonexistingtopicthatwillneverexisteverever
(try "hg help --keyword nonexistingtopicthatwillneverexisteverever")
[255]
Test unfound keyword
$ hg help --keyword nonexistingwordthatwillneverexisteverever
abort: no matches
(try "hg help" for a list of topics)
[255]
Test omit indicating for help
$ cat > addverboseitems.py <<EOF
> '''extension to test omit indicating.
>
> This paragraph is never omitted (for extension)
>
> .. container:: verbose
>
> This paragraph is omitted,
> if :hg:\`help\` is invoked without \`\`-v\`\` (for extension)
>
> This paragraph is never omitted, too (for extension)
> '''
>
> from mercurial import help, commands
> testtopic = """This paragraph is never omitted (for topic).
>
> .. container:: verbose
>
> This paragraph is omitted,
> if :hg:\`help\` is invoked without \`\`-v\`\` (for topic)
>
> This paragraph is never omitted, too (for topic)
> """
> def extsetup(ui):
> help.helptable.append((["topic-containing-verbose"],
> "This is the topic to test omit indicating.",
> lambda ui: testtopic))
> EOF
$ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
$ echo "addverboseitems = `pwd`/addverboseitems.py" >> $HGRCPATH
$ hg help addverboseitems
addverboseitems extension - extension to test omit indicating.
This paragraph is never omitted (for extension)
This paragraph is never omitted, too (for extension)
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
no commands defined
$ hg help -v addverboseitems
addverboseitems extension - extension to test omit indicating.
This paragraph is never omitted (for extension)
This paragraph is omitted, if 'hg help' is invoked without "-v" (for
extension)
This paragraph is never omitted, too (for extension)
no commands defined
$ hg help topic-containing-verbose
This is the topic to test omit indicating.
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
This paragraph is never omitted (for topic).
This paragraph is never omitted, too (for topic)
(some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
$ hg help -v topic-containing-verbose
This is the topic to test omit indicating.
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
This paragraph is never omitted (for topic).
This paragraph is omitted, if 'hg help' is invoked without "-v" (for
topic)
This paragraph is never omitted, too (for topic)
Test section lookup
$ hg help revset.merge
"merge()"
Changeset is a merge changeset.
$ hg help glossary.dag
DAG
The repository of changesets of a distributed version control system
(DVCS) can be described as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), consisting
of nodes and edges, where nodes correspond to changesets and edges
imply a parent -> child relation. This graph can be visualized by
graphical tools such as 'hg log --graph'. In Mercurial, the DAG is
limited by the requirement for children to have at most two parents.
$ hg help hgrc.paths
"paths"
-------
Assigns symbolic names and behavior to repositories.
Options are symbolic names defining the URL or directory that is the
location of the repository. Example:
[paths]
my_server = https://example.com/my_repo
local_path = /home/me/repo
These symbolic names can be used from the command line. To pull from
"my_server": 'hg pull my_server'. To push to "local_path": 'hg push
local_path'.
Options containing colons (":") denote sub-options that can influence
behavior for that specific path. Example:
[paths]
my_server = https://example.com/my_path
my_server:pushurl = ssh://example.com/my_path
The following sub-options can be defined:
"pushurl"
The URL to use for push operations. If not defined, the location
defined by the path's main entry is used.
The following special named paths exist:
"default"
The URL or directory to use when no source or remote is specified.
'hg clone' will automatically define this path to the location the
repository was cloned from.
"default-push"
(deprecated) The URL or directory for the default 'hg push' location.
"default:pushurl" should be used instead.
$ hg help glossary.mcguffin
abort: help section not found
[255]
$ hg help glossary.mc.guffin
abort: help section not found
[255]
$ hg help template.files
files List of strings. All files modified, added, or removed by
this changeset.
Test dynamic list of merge tools only shows up once
$ hg help merge-tools
Merge Tools
"""""""""""
To merge files Mercurial uses merge tools.
A merge tool combines two different versions of a file into a merged file.
Merge tools are given the two files and the greatest common ancestor of
the two file versions, so they can determine the changes made on both
branches.
Merge tools are used both for 'hg resolve', 'hg merge', 'hg update', 'hg
backout' and in several extensions.
Usually, the merge tool tries to automatically reconcile the files by
combining all non-overlapping changes that occurred separately in the two
different evolutions of the same initial base file. Furthermore, some
interactive merge programs make it easier to manually resolve conflicting
merges, either in a graphical way, or by inserting some conflict markers.
Mercurial does not include any interactive merge programs but relies on
external tools for that.
Available merge tools
=====================
External merge tools and their properties are configured in the merge-
tools configuration section - see hgrc(5) - but they can often just be
named by their executable.
A merge tool is generally usable if its executable can be found on the
system and if it can handle the merge. The executable is found if it is an
absolute or relative executable path or the name of an application in the
executable search path. The tool is assumed to be able to handle the merge
if it can handle symlinks if the file is a symlink, if it can handle
binary files if the file is binary, and if a GUI is available if the tool
requires a GUI.
There are some internal merge tools which can be used. The internal merge
tools are:
":dump"
Creates three versions of the files to merge, containing the contents of
local, other and base. These files can then be used to perform a merge
manually. If the file to be merged is named "a.txt", these files will
accordingly be named "a.txt.local", "a.txt.other" and "a.txt.base" and
they will be placed in the same directory as "a.txt".
":fail"
Rather than attempting to merge files that were modified on both
branches, it marks them as unresolved. The resolve command must be used
to resolve these conflicts.
":local"
Uses the local 'p1()' version of files as the merged version.
":merge"
Uses the internal non-interactive simple merge algorithm for merging
files. It will fail if there are any conflicts and leave markers in the
partially merged file. Markers will have two sections, one for each side
of merge.
":merge-local"
Like :merge, but resolve all conflicts non-interactively in favor of the
local 'p1()' changes.
":merge-other"
Like :merge, but resolve all conflicts non-interactively in favor of the
other 'p2()' changes.
":merge3"
Uses the internal non-interactive simple merge algorithm for merging
files. It will fail if there are any conflicts and leave markers in the
partially merged file. Marker will have three sections, one from each
side of the merge and one for the base content.
":other"
Uses the other 'p2()' version of files as the merged version.
":prompt"
Asks the user which of the local 'p1()' or the other 'p2()' version to
keep as the merged version.
":tagmerge"
Uses the internal tag merge algorithm (experimental).
":union"
Uses the internal non-interactive simple merge algorithm for merging
files. It will use both left and right sides for conflict regions. No
markers are inserted.
Internal tools are always available and do not require a GUI but will by
default not handle symlinks or binary files.
Choosing a merge tool
=====================
Mercurial uses these rules when deciding which merge tool to use:
1. If a tool has been specified with the --tool option to merge or
resolve, it is used. If it is the name of a tool in the merge-tools
configuration, its configuration is used. Otherwise the specified tool
must be executable by the shell.
2. If the "HGMERGE" environment variable is present, its value is used and
must be executable by the shell.
3. If the filename of the file to be merged matches any of the patterns in
the merge-patterns configuration section, the first usable merge tool
corresponding to a matching pattern is used. Here, binary capabilities
of the merge tool are not considered.
4. If ui.merge is set it will be considered next. If the value is not the
name of a configured tool, the specified value is used and must be
executable by the shell. Otherwise the named tool is used if it is
usable.
5. If any usable merge tools are present in the merge-tools configuration
section, the one with the highest priority is used.
6. If a program named "hgmerge" can be found on the system, it is used -
but it will by default not be used for symlinks and binary files.
7. If the file to be merged is not binary and is not a symlink, then
internal ":merge" is used.
8. The merge of the file fails and must be resolved before commit.
Note:
After selecting a merge program, Mercurial will by default attempt to
merge the files using a simple merge algorithm first. Only if it
doesn't succeed because of conflicting changes Mercurial will actually
execute the merge program. Whether to use the simple merge algorithm
first can be controlled by the premerge setting of the merge tool.
Premerge is enabled by default unless the file is binary or a symlink.
See the merge-tools and ui sections of hgrc(5) for details on the
configuration of merge tools.
Test usage of section marks in help documents
$ cd "$TESTDIR"/../doc
$ python check-seclevel.py
$ cd $TESTTMP
#if serve
Test the help pages in hgweb.
Dish up an empty repo; serve it cold.
$ hg init "$TESTTMP/test"
$ hg serve -R "$TESTTMP/test" -n test -p $HGPORT -d --pid-file=hg.pid
$ cat hg.pid >> $DAEMON_PIDS
$ get-with-headers.py 127.0.0.1:$HGPORT "help"
200 Script output follows
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
<link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
<meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>
<title>Help: Index</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="menu">
<div class="logo">
<a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
<img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
<li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
<li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
<li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="active">help</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="main">
<h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
<form class="search" action="/log">
<p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" /></p>
<div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
</form>
<table class="bigtable">
<tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="main" href="#topics">Topics</a></h2></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/config">
config
</a>
</td><td>
Configuration Files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/dates">
dates
</a>
</td><td>
Date Formats
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/diffs">
diffs
</a>
</td><td>
Diff Formats
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/environment">
environment
</a>
</td><td>
Environment Variables
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/extensions">
extensions
</a>
</td><td>
Using Additional Features
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/filesets">
filesets
</a>
</td><td>
Specifying File Sets
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/glossary">
glossary
</a>
</td><td>
Glossary
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/hgignore">
hgignore
</a>
</td><td>
Syntax for Mercurial Ignore Files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/hgweb">
hgweb
</a>
</td><td>
Configuring hgweb
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/internals">
internals
</a>
</td><td>
Technical implementation topics
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/merge-tools">
merge-tools
</a>
</td><td>
Merge Tools
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/multirevs">
multirevs
</a>
</td><td>
Specifying Multiple Revisions
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/patterns">
patterns
</a>
</td><td>
File Name Patterns
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/phases">
phases
</a>
</td><td>
Working with Phases
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/revisions">
revisions
</a>
</td><td>
Specifying Single Revisions
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/revsets">
revsets
</a>
</td><td>
Specifying Revision Sets
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/scripting">
scripting
</a>
</td><td>
Using Mercurial from scripts and automation
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/subrepos">
subrepos
</a>
</td><td>
Subrepositories
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/templating">
templating
</a>
</td><td>
Template Usage
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/urls">
urls
</a>
</td><td>
URL Paths
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/topic-containing-verbose">
topic-containing-verbose
</a>
</td><td>
This is the topic to test omit indicating.
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="main" href="#main">Main Commands</a></h2></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/add">
add
</a>
</td><td>
add the specified files on the next commit
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/annotate">
annotate
</a>
</td><td>
show changeset information by line for each file
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/clone">
clone
</a>
</td><td>
make a copy of an existing repository
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/commit">
commit
</a>
</td><td>
commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/diff">
diff
</a>
</td><td>
diff repository (or selected files)
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/export">
export
</a>
</td><td>
dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/forget">
forget
</a>
</td><td>
forget the specified files on the next commit
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/init">
init
</a>
</td><td>
create a new repository in the given directory
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/log">
log
</a>
</td><td>
show revision history of entire repository or files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/merge">
merge
</a>
</td><td>
merge another revision into working directory
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/pull">
pull
</a>
</td><td>
pull changes from the specified source
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/push">
push
</a>
</td><td>
push changes to the specified destination
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/remove">
remove
</a>
</td><td>
remove the specified files on the next commit
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/serve">
serve
</a>
</td><td>
start stand-alone webserver
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/status">
status
</a>
</td><td>
show changed files in the working directory
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/summary">
summary
</a>
</td><td>
summarize working directory state
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/update">
update
</a>
</td><td>
update working directory (or switch revisions)
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="other" href="#other">Other Commands</a></h2></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/addremove">
addremove
</a>
</td><td>
add all new files, delete all missing files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/archive">
archive
</a>
</td><td>
create an unversioned archive of a repository revision
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/backout">
backout
</a>
</td><td>
reverse effect of earlier changeset
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/bisect">
bisect
</a>
</td><td>
subdivision search of changesets
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/bookmarks">
bookmarks
</a>
</td><td>
create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/branch">
branch
</a>
</td><td>
set or show the current branch name
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/branches">
branches
</a>
</td><td>
list repository named branches
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/bundle">
bundle
</a>
</td><td>
create a changegroup file
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/cat">
cat
</a>
</td><td>
output the current or given revision of files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/config">
config
</a>
</td><td>
show combined config settings from all hgrc files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/copy">
copy
</a>
</td><td>
mark files as copied for the next commit
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/files">
files
</a>
</td><td>
list tracked files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/graft">
graft
</a>
</td><td>
copy changes from other branches onto the current branch
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/grep">
grep
</a>
</td><td>
search for a pattern in specified files and revisions
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/heads">
heads
</a>
</td><td>
show branch heads
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/help">
help
</a>
</td><td>
show help for a given topic or a help overview
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/hgalias">
hgalias
</a>
</td><td>
summarize working directory state
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/identify">
identify
</a>
</td><td>
identify the working directory or specified revision
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/import">
import
</a>
</td><td>
import an ordered set of patches
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/incoming">
incoming
</a>
</td><td>
show new changesets found in source
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/manifest">
manifest
</a>
</td><td>
output the current or given revision of the project manifest
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/nohelp">
nohelp
</a>
</td><td>
(no help text available)
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/outgoing">
outgoing
</a>
</td><td>
show changesets not found in the destination
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/paths">
paths
</a>
</td><td>
show aliases for remote repositories
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/phase">
phase
</a>
</td><td>
set or show the current phase name
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/recover">
recover
</a>
</td><td>
roll back an interrupted transaction
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/rename">
rename
</a>
</td><td>
rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/resolve">
resolve
</a>
</td><td>
redo merges or set/view the merge status of files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/revert">
revert
</a>
</td><td>
restore files to their checkout state
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/root">
root
</a>
</td><td>
print the root (top) of the current working directory
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/shellalias">
shellalias
</a>
</td><td>
(no help text available)
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/tag">
tag
</a>
</td><td>
add one or more tags for the current or given revision
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/tags">
tags
</a>
</td><td>
list repository tags
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/unbundle">
unbundle
</a>
</td><td>
apply one or more changegroup files
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/verify">
verify
</a>
</td><td>
verify the integrity of the repository
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/version">
version
</a>
</td><td>
output version and copyright information
</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">process_dates()</script>
</body>
</html>
$ get-with-headers.py 127.0.0.1:$HGPORT "help/add"
200 Script output follows
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
<link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
<meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>
<title>Help: add</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="menu">
<div class="logo">
<a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
<img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
<li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
<li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
<li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="main">
<h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
<h3>Help: add</h3>
<form class="search" action="/log">
<p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" /></p>
<div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
</form>
<div id="doc">
<p>
hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...
</p>
<p>
add the specified files on the next commit
</p>
<p>
Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the
repository.
</p>
<p>
The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To
undo an add before that, see 'hg forget'.
</p>
<p>
If no names are given, add all files to the repository (except
files matching ".hgignore").
</p>
<p>
Examples:
</p>
<ul>
<li> New (unknown) files are added automatically by 'hg add':
<pre>
\$ ls (re)
foo.c
\$ hg status (re)
? foo.c
\$ hg add (re)
adding foo.c
\$ hg status (re)
A foo.c
</pre>
<li> Specific files to be added can be specified:
<pre>
\$ ls (re)
bar.c foo.c
\$ hg status (re)
? bar.c
? foo.c
\$ hg add bar.c (re)
\$ hg status (re)
A bar.c
? foo.c
</pre>
</ul>
<p>
Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.
</p>
<p>
options ([+] can be repeated):
</p>
<table>
<tr><td>-I</td>
<td>--include PATTERN [+]</td>
<td>include names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
<tr><td>-X</td>
<td>--exclude PATTERN [+]</td>
<td>exclude names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
<tr><td>-S</td>
<td>--subrepos</td>
<td>recurse into subrepositories</td></tr>
<tr><td>-n</td>
<td>--dry-run</td>
<td>do not perform actions, just print output</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
global options ([+] can be repeated):
</p>
<table>
<tr><td>-R</td>
<td>--repository REPO</td>
<td>repository root directory or name of overlay bundle file</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--cwd DIR</td>
<td>change working directory</td></tr>
<tr><td>-y</td>
<td>--noninteractive</td>
<td>do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for all prompts</td></tr>
<tr><td>-q</td>
<td>--quiet</td>
<td>suppress output</td></tr>
<tr><td>-v</td>
<td>--verbose</td>
<td>enable additional output</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--config CONFIG [+]</td>
<td>set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--debug</td>
<td>enable debugging output</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--debugger</td>
<td>start debugger</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--encoding ENCODE</td>
<td>set the charset encoding (default: ascii)</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--encodingmode MODE</td>
<td>set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--traceback</td>
<td>always print a traceback on exception</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--time</td>
<td>time how long the command takes</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--profile</td>
<td>print command execution profile</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--version</td>
<td>output version information and exit</td></tr>
<tr><td>-h</td>
<td>--help</td>
<td>display help and exit</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--hidden</td>
<td>consider hidden changesets</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">process_dates()</script>
</body>
</html>
$ get-with-headers.py 127.0.0.1:$HGPORT "help/remove"
200 Script output follows
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
<link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
<meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>
<title>Help: remove</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="menu">
<div class="logo">
<a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
<img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
<li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
<li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
<li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="main">
<h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
<h3>Help: remove</h3>
<form class="search" action="/log">
<p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" /></p>
<div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
</form>
<div id="doc">
<p>
hg remove [OPTION]... FILE...
</p>
<p>
aliases: rm
</p>
<p>
remove the specified files on the next commit
</p>
<p>
Schedule the indicated files for removal from the current branch.
</p>
<p>
This command schedules the files to be removed at the next commit.
To undo a remove before that, see 'hg revert'. To undo added
files, see 'hg forget'.
</p>
<p>
-A/--after can be used to remove only files that have already
been deleted, -f/--force can be used to force deletion, and -Af
can be used to remove files from the next revision without
deleting them from the working directory.
</p>
<p>
The following table details the behavior of remove for different
file states (columns) and option combinations (rows). The file
states are Added [A], Clean [C], Modified [M] and Missing [!]
(as reported by 'hg status'). The actions are Warn, Remove
(from branch) and Delete (from disk):
</p>
<table>
<tr><td>opt/state</td>
<td>A</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>M</td>
<td>!</td></tr>
<tr><td>none</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>RD</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>R</td></tr>
<tr><td>-f</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>RD</td>
<td>RD</td>
<td>R</td></tr>
<tr><td>-A</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>R</td></tr>
<tr><td>-Af</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>R</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<b>Note:</b>
</p>
<p>
'hg remove' never deletes files in Added [A] state from the
working directory, not even if "--force" is specified.
</p>
<p>
Returns 0 on success, 1 if any warnings encountered.
</p>
<p>
options ([+] can be repeated):
</p>
<table>
<tr><td>-A</td>
<td>--after</td>
<td>record delete for missing files</td></tr>
<tr><td>-f</td>
<td>--force</td>
<td>forget added files, delete modified files</td></tr>
<tr><td>-S</td>
<td>--subrepos</td>
<td>recurse into subrepositories</td></tr>
<tr><td>-I</td>
<td>--include PATTERN [+]</td>
<td>include names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
<tr><td>-X</td>
<td>--exclude PATTERN [+]</td>
<td>exclude names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
global options ([+] can be repeated):
</p>
<table>
<tr><td>-R</td>
<td>--repository REPO</td>
<td>repository root directory or name of overlay bundle file</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--cwd DIR</td>
<td>change working directory</td></tr>
<tr><td>-y</td>
<td>--noninteractive</td>
<td>do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for all prompts</td></tr>
<tr><td>-q</td>
<td>--quiet</td>
<td>suppress output</td></tr>
<tr><td>-v</td>
<td>--verbose</td>
<td>enable additional output</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--config CONFIG [+]</td>
<td>set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--debug</td>
<td>enable debugging output</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--debugger</td>
<td>start debugger</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--encoding ENCODE</td>
<td>set the charset encoding (default: ascii)</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--encodingmode MODE</td>
<td>set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--traceback</td>
<td>always print a traceback on exception</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--time</td>
<td>time how long the command takes</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--profile</td>
<td>print command execution profile</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--version</td>
<td>output version information and exit</td></tr>
<tr><td>-h</td>
<td>--help</td>
<td>display help and exit</td></tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>--hidden</td>
<td>consider hidden changesets</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">process_dates()</script>
</body>
</html>
$ get-with-headers.py 127.0.0.1:$HGPORT "help/revisions"
200 Script output follows
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
<link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
<meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>
<title>Help: revisions</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="menu">
<div class="logo">
<a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
<img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
<li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
<li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
<li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="main">
<h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
<h3>Help: revisions</h3>
<form class="search" action="/log">
<p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" /></p>
<div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
</form>
<div id="doc">
<h1>Specifying Single Revisions</h1>
<p>
Mercurial supports several ways to specify individual revisions.
</p>
<p>
A plain integer is treated as a revision number. Negative integers are
treated as sequential offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting the tip,
-2 denoting the revision prior to the tip, and so forth.
</p>
<p>
A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision
identifier.
</p>
<p>
A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a
unique revision identifier and is referred to as a short-form
identifier. A short-form identifier is only valid if it is the prefix
of exactly one full-length identifier.
</p>
<p>
Any other string is treated as a bookmark, tag, or branch name. A
bookmark is a movable pointer to a revision. A tag is a permanent name
associated with a revision. A branch name denotes the tipmost open branch head
of that branch - or if they are all closed, the tipmost closed head of the
branch. Bookmark, tag, and branch names must not contain the ":" character.
</p>
<p>
The reserved name "tip" always identifies the most recent revision.
</p>
<p>
The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the
revision of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0.
</p>
<p>
The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If no
working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null. If an
uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of the first
parent.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">process_dates()</script>
</body>
</html>
Sub-topic indexes rendered properly
$ get-with-headers.py 127.0.0.1:$HGPORT "help/internals"
200 Script output follows
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
<link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
<meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>
<title>Help: internals</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="menu">
<div class="logo">
<a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
<img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
<li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
<li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
<li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/help">help</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="main">
<h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
<form class="search" action="/log">
<p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" /></p>
<div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
</form>
<table class="bigtable">
<tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="main" href="#topics">Topics</a></h2></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/internals.bundles">
bundles
</a>
</td><td>
container for exchange of repository data
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/internals.changegroups">
changegroups
</a>
</td><td>
representation of revlog data
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/internals.requirements">
requirements
</a>
</td><td>
repository requirements
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<a href="/help/internals.revlogs">
revlogs
</a>
</td><td>
revision storage mechanism
</td></tr>
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<h3>Help: internals.changegroups</h3>
<form class="search" action="/log">
<p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" /></p>
<div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
</form>
<div id="doc">
<h1>representation of revlog data</h1>
<h2>Changegroups</h2>
<p>
Changegroups are representations of repository revlog data, specifically
the changelog, manifest, and filelogs.
</p>
<p>
There are 3 versions of changegroups: "1", "2", and "3". From a
high-level, versions "1" and "2" are almost exactly the same, with
the only difference being a header on entries in the changeset
segment. Version "3" adds support for exchanging treemanifests and
includes revlog flags in the delta header.
</p>
<p>
Changegroups consists of 3 logical segments:
</p>
<pre>
+---------------------------------+
| | | |
| changeset | manifest | filelogs |
| | | |
+---------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
The principle building block of each segment is a *chunk*. A *chunk*
is a framed piece of data:
</p>
<pre>
+---------------------------------------+
| | |
| length | data |
| (32 bits) | <length> bytes |
| | |
+---------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
Each chunk starts with a 32-bit big-endian signed integer indicating
the length of the raw data that follows.
</p>
<p>
There is a special case chunk that has 0 length ("0x00000000"). We
call this an *empty chunk*.
</p>
<h3>Delta Groups</h3>
<p>
A *delta group* expresses the content of a revlog as a series of deltas,
or patches against previous revisions.
</p>
<p>
Delta groups consist of 0 or more *chunks* followed by the *empty chunk*
to signal the end of the delta group:
</p>
<pre>
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | |
| chunk0 length | chunk0 data | chunk1 length | chunk1 data | 0x0 |
| (32 bits) | (various) | (32 bits) | (various) | (32 bits) |
| | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
</pre>
<p>
Each *chunk*'s data consists of the following:
</p>
<pre>
+-----------------------------------------+
| | | |
| delta header | mdiff header | delta |
| (various) | (12 bytes) | (various) |
| | | |
+-----------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
The *length* field is the byte length of the remaining 3 logical pieces
of data. The *delta* is a diff from an existing entry in the changelog.
</p>
<p>
The *delta header* is different between versions "1", "2", and
"3" of the changegroup format.
</p>
<p>
Version 1:
</p>
<pre>
+------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
| node | p1 node | p2 node | link node |
| (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) |
| | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
Version 2:
</p>
<pre>
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | |
| node | p1 node | p2 node | base node | link node |
| (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) |
| | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
Version 3:
</p>
<pre>
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | | |
| node | p1 node | p2 node | base node | link node | flags |
| (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (2 bytes) |
| | | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
The *mdiff header* consists of 3 32-bit big-endian signed integers
describing offsets at which to apply the following delta content:
</p>
<pre>
+-------------------------------------+
| | | |
| offset | old length | new length |
| (32 bits) | (32 bits) | (32 bits) |
| | | |
+-------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
In version 1, the delta is always applied against the previous node from
the changegroup or the first parent if this is the first entry in the
changegroup.
</p>
<p>
In version 2, the delta base node is encoded in the entry in the
changegroup. This allows the delta to be expressed against any parent,
which can result in smaller deltas and more efficient encoding of data.
</p>
<h3>Changeset Segment</h3>
<p>
The *changeset segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding
changelog data. It is followed by an *empty chunk* to denote the
boundary to the *manifests segment*.
</p>
<h3>Manifest Segment</h3>
<p>
The *manifest segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding
manifest data. It is followed by an *empty chunk* to denote the boundary
to the *filelogs segment*.
</p>
<h3>Filelogs Segment</h3>
<p>
The *filelogs* segment consists of multiple sub-segments, each
corresponding to an individual file whose data is being described:
</p>
<pre>
+--------------------------------------+
| | | | |
| filelog0 | filelog1 | filelog2 | ... |
| | | | |
+--------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
In version "3" of the changegroup format, filelogs may include
directory logs when treemanifests are in use. directory logs are
identified by having a trailing '/' on their filename (see below).
</p>
<p>
The final filelog sub-segment is followed by an *empty chunk* to denote
the end of the segment and the overall changegroup.
</p>
<p>
Each filelog sub-segment consists of the following:
</p>
<pre>
+------------------------------------------+
| | | |
| filename size | filename | delta group |
| (32 bits) | (various) | (various) |
| | | |
+------------------------------------------+
</pre>
<p>
That is, a *chunk* consisting of the filename (not terminated or padded)
followed by N chunks constituting the *delta group* for this file.
</p>
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#endif