view tests/badserverext.py @ 35569:964212780daf

rust: implementation of `hg`

This commit provides a mostly-working implementation of the
`hg` script in Rust along with scaffolding to support Rust in
the repository.

If you are familiar with Rust, the contents of the added rust/
directory should be pretty straightforward. We create an "hgcli"
package that implements a binary application to run Mercurial.
The output of this package is an "hg" binary.

Our Rust `hg` (henceforth "rhg") essentially is a port of the existing
`hg` Python script. The main difference is the creation of the embedded
CPython interpreter is handled by the binary itself instead of relying
on the shebang. In that sense, rhg is more similar to the "exe wrapper"
we currently use on Windows. However, unlike the exe wrapper, rhg does
not call the `hg` Python script. Instead, it uses the CPython APIs to
import mercurial modules and call appropriate functions. The amount of
code here is surprisingly small.

It is my intent to replace the existing C-based exe wrapper with rhg.
Preferably in the next Mercurial release. This should be achievable -
at least for some Mercurial distributions. The future/timeline for
rhg on other platforms is less clear. We already ship a hg.exe on
Windows. So if we get the quirks with Rust worked out, shipping a
Rust-based hg.exe should hopefully not be too contentious.

Now onto the implementation.

We're using python27-sys and the cpython crates for talking to the
CPython API. We currently don't use too much functionality of the
cpython crate and could have probably cut it out. However, it does
provide a reasonable abstraction over unsafe {} CPython function
calls. While we still have our fair share of those, at least we're
not dealing with too much refcounting, error checking, etc. So I
think the use of the cpython crate is justified. Plus, there is
not-yet-implemented functionality that could benefit from cpython. I
see our use of this crate only increasing.

The cpython and python27-sys crates are not without their issues.
The cpython crate didn't seem to account for the embedding use case
in its design. Instead, it seems to assume that you are building
a Python extension. It is making some questionable decisions around
certain CPython APIs. For example, it insists that
PyEval_ThreadsInitialized() is called and that the Python code
likely isn't the main thread in the underlying application. It
is also missing some functionality that is important for embedded
use cases (such as exporting the path to the Python interpreter
from its build script). After spending several hours trying to
wrangle python27-sys and cpython, I gave up and forked the project
on GitHub. Our Cargo.toml tracks this fork. I'm optimistic that
the upstream project will accept our contributions and we can
eventually unfork.

There is a non-trivial amount of code in our custom Cargo build
script. Our build.rs (which is called as part of building the hgcli
crate):

* Validates that the Python interpreter that was detected by the
  python27-sys crate provides a shared library (we only support
  shared library linking at this time - although this restriction
  could be loosened).
* Validates that the Python is built with UCS-4 support. This ensures
  maximum Unicode compatibility.
* Exports variables to the crate build allowing the built crate to e.g.
  find the path to the Python interpreter.

The produced rhg should be considered alpha quality. There are several
known deficiencies. Many of these are documented with inline TODOs.

Probably the biggest limitation of rhg is that it assumes it is
running from the ./rust/target/<target> directory of a source
distribution. So, rhg is currently not very practical for real-world
use. But, if you can `cargo build` it, running the binary *should*
yield a working Mercurial CLI.

In order to support using rhg with the test harness, we needed to hack
up run-tests.py so the path to Mercurial's Python files is set properly.
The change is extremely hacky and is only intended to be a stop-gap
until the test harness gains first-class support for installing rhg.
This will likely occur after we support running rhg outside the
source directory.

Despite its officially alpha quality, rhg copes extremely well with
the test harness (at least on Linux). Using
`run-tests.py --with-hg ../rust/target/debug/hg`, I only encounter
the following failures:

* test-run-tests.t -- Warnings emitted about using an unexpected
  Mercurial library. This is due to the hacky nature of setting the
  Python directory when run-tests.py detected rhg.
* test-devel-warnings.t -- Expected stack trace missing frame for `hg`
  (This is expected since we no longer have an `hg` script!)
* test-convert.t -- Test running `$PYTHON "$BINDIR"/hg`, which obviously
  assumes `hg` is a Python script.
* test-merge-tools.t -- Same assumption about `hg` being executable with
  Python.
* test-http-bad-server.t -- Seeing exit code 255 instead of 1 around
  line 358.
* test-blackbox.t -- Exit code 255 instead of 1.
* test-basic.t -- Exit code 255 instead of 1.

It certainly looks like we have a bug around exit code handling. I
don't think it is severe enough to hold up review and landing of this
initial implementation. Perfect is the enemy of good.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D1581

# badserverext.py - Extension making servers behave badly
#
# Copyright 2017 Gregory Szorc <[e-mail]>
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

# no-check-code

"""Extension to make servers behave badly.

This extension is useful for testing Mercurial behavior when various network
events occur.

Various config options in the [badserver] section influence behavior:

closebeforeaccept
   If true, close() the server socket when a new connection arrives before
   accept() is called. The server will then exit.

closeafteraccept
   If true, the server will close() the client socket immediately after
   accept().

closeafterrecvbytes
   If defined, close the client socket after receiving this many bytes.

closeaftersendbytes
   If defined, close the client socket after sending this many bytes.
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import

import socket

from mercurial import(
    registrar,
)

from mercurial.hgweb import (
    server,
)

configtable = {}
configitem = registrar.configitem(configtable)

configitem('badserver', 'closeafteraccept',
    default=False,
)
configitem('badserver', 'closeafterrecvbytes',
    default=0,
)
configitem('badserver', 'closeaftersendbytes',
    default=0,
)
configitem('badserver', 'closebeforeaccept',
    default=False,
)

# We can't adjust __class__ on a socket instance. So we define a proxy type.
class socketproxy(object):
    __slots__ = (
        '_orig',
        '_logfp',
        '_closeafterrecvbytes',
        '_closeaftersendbytes',
    )

    def __init__(self, obj, logfp, closeafterrecvbytes=0,
                 closeaftersendbytes=0):
        object.__setattr__(self, '_orig', obj)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_logfp', logfp)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_closeafterrecvbytes', closeafterrecvbytes)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_closeaftersendbytes', closeaftersendbytes)

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name in ('makefile',):
            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

        return getattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig'), name)

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        delattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig'), name)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        setattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig'), name, value)

    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize):
        f = object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig').makefile(mode, bufsize)

        logfp = object.__getattribute__(self, '_logfp')
        closeafterrecvbytes = object.__getattribute__(self,
                                                      '_closeafterrecvbytes')
        closeaftersendbytes = object.__getattribute__(self,
                                                      '_closeaftersendbytes')

        return fileobjectproxy(f, logfp,
                               closeafterrecvbytes=closeafterrecvbytes,
                               closeaftersendbytes=closeaftersendbytes)

# We can't adjust __class__ on socket._fileobject, so define a proxy.
class fileobjectproxy(object):
    __slots__ = (
        '_orig',
        '_logfp',
        '_closeafterrecvbytes',
        '_closeaftersendbytes',
    )

    def __init__(self, obj, logfp, closeafterrecvbytes=0,
                 closeaftersendbytes=0):
        object.__setattr__(self, '_orig', obj)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_logfp', logfp)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_closeafterrecvbytes', closeafterrecvbytes)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_closeaftersendbytes', closeaftersendbytes)

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name in ('read', 'readline', 'write', '_writelog'):
            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

        return getattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig'), name)

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        delattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig'), name)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        setattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig'), name, value)

    def _writelog(self, msg):
        msg = msg.replace('\r', '\\r').replace('\n', '\\n')

        object.__getattribute__(self, '_logfp').write(msg)
        object.__getattribute__(self, '_logfp').write('\n')
        object.__getattribute__(self, '_logfp').flush()

    def read(self, size=-1):
        remaining = object.__getattribute__(self, '_closeafterrecvbytes')

        # No read limit. Call original function.
        if not remaining:
            result = object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig').read(size)
            self._writelog('read(%d) -> (%d) (%s) %s' % (size,
                                                           len(result),
                                                           result))
            return result

        origsize = size

        if size < 0:
            size = remaining
        else:
            size = min(remaining, size)

        result = object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig').read(size)
        remaining -= len(result)

        self._writelog('read(%d from %d) -> (%d) %s' % (
            size, origsize, len(result), result))

        object.__setattr__(self, '_closeafterrecvbytes', remaining)

        if remaining <= 0:
            self._writelog('read limit reached, closing socket')
            self._sock.close()
            # This is the easiest way to abort the current request.
            raise Exception('connection closed after receiving N bytes')

        return result

    def readline(self, size=-1):
        remaining = object.__getattribute__(self, '_closeafterrecvbytes')

        # No read limit. Call original function.
        if not remaining:
            result = object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig').readline(size)
            self._writelog('readline(%d) -> (%d) %s' % (
                size, len(result), result))
            return result

        origsize = size

        if size < 0:
            size = remaining
        else:
            size = min(remaining, size)

        result = object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig').readline(size)
        remaining -= len(result)

        self._writelog('readline(%d from %d) -> (%d) %s' % (
            size, origsize, len(result), result))

        object.__setattr__(self, '_closeafterrecvbytes', remaining)

        if remaining <= 0:
            self._writelog('read limit reached; closing socket')
            self._sock.close()
            # This is the easiest way to abort the current request.
            raise Exception('connection closed after receiving N bytes')

        return result

    def write(self, data):
        remaining = object.__getattribute__(self, '_closeaftersendbytes')

        # No byte limit on this operation. Call original function.
        if not remaining:
            self._writelog('write(%d) -> %s' % (len(data), data))
            result = object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig').write(data)
            return result

        if len(data) > remaining:
            newdata = data[0:remaining]
        else:
            newdata = data

        remaining -= len(newdata)

        self._writelog('write(%d from %d) -> (%d) %s' % (
            len(newdata), len(data), remaining, newdata))

        result = object.__getattribute__(self, '_orig').write(newdata)

        object.__setattr__(self, '_closeaftersendbytes', remaining)

        if remaining <= 0:
            self._writelog('write limit reached; closing socket')
            self._sock.close()
            raise Exception('connection closed after sending N bytes')

        return result

def extsetup(ui):
    # Change the base HTTP server class so various events can be performed.
    # See SocketServer.BaseServer for how the specially named methods work.
    class badserver(server.MercurialHTTPServer):
        def __init__(self, ui, *args, **kwargs):
            self._ui = ui
            super(badserver, self).__init__(ui, *args, **kwargs)

            # Need to inherit object so super() works.
            class badrequesthandler(self.RequestHandlerClass, object):
                def send_header(self, name, value):
                    # Make headers deterministic to facilitate testing.
                    if name.lower() == 'date':
                        value = 'Fri, 14 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT'
                    elif name.lower() == 'server':
                        value = 'badhttpserver'

                    return super(badrequesthandler, self).send_header(name,
                                                                      value)

            self.RequestHandlerClass = badrequesthandler

        # Called to accept() a pending socket.
        def get_request(self):
            if self._ui.configbool('badserver', 'closebeforeaccept'):
                self.socket.close()

                # Tells the server to stop processing more requests.
                self.__shutdown_request = True

                # Simulate failure to stop processing this request.
                raise socket.error('close before accept')

            if self._ui.configbool('badserver', 'closeafteraccept'):
                request, client_address = super(badserver, self).get_request()
                request.close()
                raise socket.error('close after accept')

            return super(badserver, self).get_request()

        # Does heavy lifting of processing a request. Invokes
        # self.finish_request() which calls self.RequestHandlerClass() which
        # is a hgweb.server._httprequesthandler.
        def process_request(self, socket, address):
            # Wrap socket in a proxy if we need to count bytes.
            closeafterrecvbytes = self._ui.configint('badserver',
                                                     'closeafterrecvbytes')
            closeaftersendbytes = self._ui.configint('badserver',
                                                     'closeaftersendbytes')

            if closeafterrecvbytes or closeaftersendbytes:
                socket = socketproxy(socket, self.errorlog,
                                     closeafterrecvbytes=closeafterrecvbytes,
                                     closeaftersendbytes=closeaftersendbytes)

            return super(badserver, self).process_request(socket, address)

    server.MercurialHTTPServer = badserver