view tests/test-convert-baz.t @ 35569:964212780daf

rust: implementation of `hg`

This commit provides a mostly-working implementation of the
`hg` script in Rust along with scaffolding to support Rust in
the repository.

If you are familiar with Rust, the contents of the added rust/
directory should be pretty straightforward. We create an "hgcli"
package that implements a binary application to run Mercurial.
The output of this package is an "hg" binary.

Our Rust `hg` (henceforth "rhg") essentially is a port of the existing
`hg` Python script. The main difference is the creation of the embedded
CPython interpreter is handled by the binary itself instead of relying
on the shebang. In that sense, rhg is more similar to the "exe wrapper"
we currently use on Windows. However, unlike the exe wrapper, rhg does
not call the `hg` Python script. Instead, it uses the CPython APIs to
import mercurial modules and call appropriate functions. The amount of
code here is surprisingly small.

It is my intent to replace the existing C-based exe wrapper with rhg.
Preferably in the next Mercurial release. This should be achievable -
at least for some Mercurial distributions. The future/timeline for
rhg on other platforms is less clear. We already ship a hg.exe on
Windows. So if we get the quirks with Rust worked out, shipping a
Rust-based hg.exe should hopefully not be too contentious.

Now onto the implementation.

We're using python27-sys and the cpython crates for talking to the
CPython API. We currently don't use too much functionality of the
cpython crate and could have probably cut it out. However, it does
provide a reasonable abstraction over unsafe {} CPython function
calls. While we still have our fair share of those, at least we're
not dealing with too much refcounting, error checking, etc. So I
think the use of the cpython crate is justified. Plus, there is
not-yet-implemented functionality that could benefit from cpython. I
see our use of this crate only increasing.

The cpython and python27-sys crates are not without their issues.
The cpython crate didn't seem to account for the embedding use case
in its design. Instead, it seems to assume that you are building
a Python extension. It is making some questionable decisions around
certain CPython APIs. For example, it insists that
PyEval_ThreadsInitialized() is called and that the Python code
likely isn't the main thread in the underlying application. It
is also missing some functionality that is important for embedded
use cases (such as exporting the path to the Python interpreter
from its build script). After spending several hours trying to
wrangle python27-sys and cpython, I gave up and forked the project
on GitHub. Our Cargo.toml tracks this fork. I'm optimistic that
the upstream project will accept our contributions and we can
eventually unfork.

There is a non-trivial amount of code in our custom Cargo build
script. Our build.rs (which is called as part of building the hgcli
crate):

* Validates that the Python interpreter that was detected by the
  python27-sys crate provides a shared library (we only support
  shared library linking at this time - although this restriction
  could be loosened).
* Validates that the Python is built with UCS-4 support. This ensures
  maximum Unicode compatibility.
* Exports variables to the crate build allowing the built crate to e.g.
  find the path to the Python interpreter.

The produced rhg should be considered alpha quality. There are several
known deficiencies. Many of these are documented with inline TODOs.

Probably the biggest limitation of rhg is that it assumes it is
running from the ./rust/target/<target> directory of a source
distribution. So, rhg is currently not very practical for real-world
use. But, if you can `cargo build` it, running the binary *should*
yield a working Mercurial CLI.

In order to support using rhg with the test harness, we needed to hack
up run-tests.py so the path to Mercurial's Python files is set properly.
The change is extremely hacky and is only intended to be a stop-gap
until the test harness gains first-class support for installing rhg.
This will likely occur after we support running rhg outside the
source directory.

Despite its officially alpha quality, rhg copes extremely well with
the test harness (at least on Linux). Using
`run-tests.py --with-hg ../rust/target/debug/hg`, I only encounter
the following failures:

* test-run-tests.t -- Warnings emitted about using an unexpected
  Mercurial library. This is due to the hacky nature of setting the
  Python directory when run-tests.py detected rhg.
* test-devel-warnings.t -- Expected stack trace missing frame for `hg`
  (This is expected since we no longer have an `hg` script!)
* test-convert.t -- Test running `$PYTHON "$BINDIR"/hg`, which obviously
  assumes `hg` is a Python script.
* test-merge-tools.t -- Same assumption about `hg` being executable with
  Python.
* test-http-bad-server.t -- Seeing exit code 255 instead of 1 around
  line 358.
* test-blackbox.t -- Exit code 255 instead of 1.
* test-basic.t -- Exit code 255 instead of 1.

It certainly looks like we have a bug around exit code handling. I
don't think it is severe enough to hold up review and landing of this
initial implementation. Perfect is the enemy of good.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D1581

#require baz symlink

  $ baz my-id "mercurial <[e-mail]>"

  $ echo "[extensions]" >> $HGRCPATH
  $ echo "convert=" >> $HGRCPATH

create baz archive
  $ baz make-archive baz@mercurial--convert hg-test-convert-baz

initialize baz repo
  $ mkdir baz-repo
  $ cd baz-repo/
  $ baz init-tree baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0
  $ baz import
  * creating version baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0
  * imported baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0

create initial files
  $ echo 'this is a file' > a
  $ baz add a
  $ mkdir src
  $ baz add src
  $ cd src
  $ dd count=1 if=/dev/zero of=b > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
  $ baz add b
HACK: hide GNU tar-1.22 "tar: The --preserve option is deprecated, use --preserve-permissions --preserve-order instead"
  $ baz commit -s "added a file, src and src/b (binary)" 2>&1 | grep -v '^tar'
  * build pristine tree for baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--base-0
  * Scanning for full-tree revision: .
  * from import revision: baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--base-0
  A/ .arch-ids
  A/ src
  A/ src/.arch-ids
  A  .arch-ids/a.id
  A  a
  A  src/.arch-ids/=id
  A  src/.arch-ids/b.id
  A  src/b
  * update pristine tree (baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--base-0 => baz--test--0--patch-1)
  * committed baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-1

create link file and modify a
  $ ln -s ../a a-link
  $ baz add a-link
  $ echo 'this a modification to a' >> ../a
  $ baz commit -s "added link to a and modify a"
  A  src/.arch-ids/a-link.id
  A  src/a-link
  M  a
  * update pristine tree (baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-1 => baz--test--0--patch-2)
  * committed baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-2

create second link and modify b
  $ ln -s ../a a-link-2
  $ baz add a-link-2
  $ dd count=1 seek=1 if=/dev/zero of=b > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
  $ baz commit -s "added second link and modify b"
  A  src/.arch-ids/a-link-2.id
  A  src/a-link-2
  Mb src/b
  * update pristine tree (baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-2 => baz--test--0--patch-3)
  * committed baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-3

b file to link and a-link-2 to regular file
  $ rm -f a-link-2
  $ echo 'this is now a regular file' > a-link-2
  $ ln -sf ../a b
  $ baz commit -s "file to link and link to file test"
  fl src/b
  lf src/a-link-2
  * update pristine tree (baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-3 => baz--test--0--patch-4)
  * committed baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-4

move a-link-2 file and src directory
  $ cd ..
  $ baz mv src/a-link-2 c
  $ baz mv src test
  $ baz commit -s "move and rename a-link-2 file and src directory"
  D/ src/.arch-ids
  A/ test/.arch-ids
  /> src	test
  => src/.arch-ids/a-link-2.id	.arch-ids/c.id
  => src/a-link-2	c
  => src/.arch-ids/=id	test/.arch-ids/=id
  => src/.arch-ids/a-link.id	test/.arch-ids/a-link.id
  => src/.arch-ids/b.id	test/.arch-ids/b.id
  * update pristine tree (baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-4 => baz--test--0--patch-5)
  * committed baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-5

move and add the moved file again
  $ echo e > e
  $ baz add e
  $ baz commit -s "add e"
  A  .arch-ids/e.id
  A  e
  * update pristine tree (baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-5 => baz--test--0--patch-6)
  * committed baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-6
  $ baz mv e f
  $ echo ee > e
  $ baz add e
  $ baz commit -s "move e and recreate it again"
  A  .arch-ids/e.id
  A  e
  => .arch-ids/e.id	.arch-ids/f.id
  => e	f
  * update pristine tree (baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-6 => baz--test--0--patch-7)
  * committed baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0--patch-7
  $ cd ..

converting baz repo to Mercurial
  $ hg convert baz-repo baz-repo-hg
  initializing destination baz-repo-hg repository
  analyzing tree version baz@mercurial--convert/baz--test--0...
  scanning source...
  sorting...
  converting...
  7 initial import
  6 added a file, src and src/b (binary)
  5 added link to a and modify a
  4 added second link and modify b
  3 file to link and link to file test
  2 move and rename a-link-2 file and src directory
  1 add e
  0 move e and recreate it again

  $ baz register-archive -d baz@mercurial--convert

  $ glog()
  > {
  >     hg log -G --template '{rev} "{desc|firstline}" files: {files}\n' "$@"
  > }

show graph log
  $ glog -R baz-repo-hg
  o  7 "move e and recreate it again" files: e f
  |
  o  6 "add e" files: e
  |
  o  5 "move and rename a-link-2 file and src directory" files: c src/a-link src/a-link-2 src/b test/a-link test/b
  |
  o  4 "file to link and link to file test" files: src/a-link-2 src/b
  |
  o  3 "added second link and modify b" files: src/a-link-2 src/b
  |
  o  2 "added link to a and modify a" files: a src/a-link
  |
  o  1 "added a file, src and src/b (binary)" files: a src/b
  |
  o  0 "initial import" files:
  
  $ hg up -q -R baz-repo-hg
  $ hg -R baz-repo-hg manifest --debug
  c4072c4b72e1cabace081888efa148ee80ca3cbb 644   a
  0201ac32a3a8e86e303dff60366382a54b48a72e 644   c
  1a4a864db0073705a11b1439f563bfa4b46d9246 644   e
  09e0222742fc3f75777fa9d68a5d8af7294cb5e7 644   f
  c0067ba5ff0b7c9a3eb17270839d04614c435623 644 @ test/a-link
  375f4263d86feacdea7e3c27100abd1560f2a973 644 @ test/b
  $ hg -R baz-repo-hg log -r 5 -r 7 -C --debug | grep copies
  copies:      c (src/a-link-2) test/a-link (src/a-link) test/b (src/b)
  copies:      f (e)