view tests/test-rebase-base-flag.t @ 35569:964212780daf

rust: implementation of `hg`

This commit provides a mostly-working implementation of the
`hg` script in Rust along with scaffolding to support Rust in
the repository.

If you are familiar with Rust, the contents of the added rust/
directory should be pretty straightforward. We create an "hgcli"
package that implements a binary application to run Mercurial.
The output of this package is an "hg" binary.

Our Rust `hg` (henceforth "rhg") essentially is a port of the existing
`hg` Python script. The main difference is the creation of the embedded
CPython interpreter is handled by the binary itself instead of relying
on the shebang. In that sense, rhg is more similar to the "exe wrapper"
we currently use on Windows. However, unlike the exe wrapper, rhg does
not call the `hg` Python script. Instead, it uses the CPython APIs to
import mercurial modules and call appropriate functions. The amount of
code here is surprisingly small.

It is my intent to replace the existing C-based exe wrapper with rhg.
Preferably in the next Mercurial release. This should be achievable -
at least for some Mercurial distributions. The future/timeline for
rhg on other platforms is less clear. We already ship a hg.exe on
Windows. So if we get the quirks with Rust worked out, shipping a
Rust-based hg.exe should hopefully not be too contentious.

Now onto the implementation.

We're using python27-sys and the cpython crates for talking to the
CPython API. We currently don't use too much functionality of the
cpython crate and could have probably cut it out. However, it does
provide a reasonable abstraction over unsafe {} CPython function
calls. While we still have our fair share of those, at least we're
not dealing with too much refcounting, error checking, etc. So I
think the use of the cpython crate is justified. Plus, there is
not-yet-implemented functionality that could benefit from cpython. I
see our use of this crate only increasing.

The cpython and python27-sys crates are not without their issues.
The cpython crate didn't seem to account for the embedding use case
in its design. Instead, it seems to assume that you are building
a Python extension. It is making some questionable decisions around
certain CPython APIs. For example, it insists that
PyEval_ThreadsInitialized() is called and that the Python code
likely isn't the main thread in the underlying application. It
is also missing some functionality that is important for embedded
use cases (such as exporting the path to the Python interpreter
from its build script). After spending several hours trying to
wrangle python27-sys and cpython, I gave up and forked the project
on GitHub. Our Cargo.toml tracks this fork. I'm optimistic that
the upstream project will accept our contributions and we can
eventually unfork.

There is a non-trivial amount of code in our custom Cargo build
script. Our build.rs (which is called as part of building the hgcli
crate):

* Validates that the Python interpreter that was detected by the
  python27-sys crate provides a shared library (we only support
  shared library linking at this time - although this restriction
  could be loosened).
* Validates that the Python is built with UCS-4 support. This ensures
  maximum Unicode compatibility.
* Exports variables to the crate build allowing the built crate to e.g.
  find the path to the Python interpreter.

The produced rhg should be considered alpha quality. There are several
known deficiencies. Many of these are documented with inline TODOs.

Probably the biggest limitation of rhg is that it assumes it is
running from the ./rust/target/<target> directory of a source
distribution. So, rhg is currently not very practical for real-world
use. But, if you can `cargo build` it, running the binary *should*
yield a working Mercurial CLI.

In order to support using rhg with the test harness, we needed to hack
up run-tests.py so the path to Mercurial's Python files is set properly.
The change is extremely hacky and is only intended to be a stop-gap
until the test harness gains first-class support for installing rhg.
This will likely occur after we support running rhg outside the
source directory.

Despite its officially alpha quality, rhg copes extremely well with
the test harness (at least on Linux). Using
`run-tests.py --with-hg ../rust/target/debug/hg`, I only encounter
the following failures:

* test-run-tests.t -- Warnings emitted about using an unexpected
  Mercurial library. This is due to the hacky nature of setting the
  Python directory when run-tests.py detected rhg.
* test-devel-warnings.t -- Expected stack trace missing frame for `hg`
  (This is expected since we no longer have an `hg` script!)
* test-convert.t -- Test running `$PYTHON "$BINDIR"/hg`, which obviously
  assumes `hg` is a Python script.
* test-merge-tools.t -- Same assumption about `hg` being executable with
  Python.
* test-http-bad-server.t -- Seeing exit code 255 instead of 1 around
  line 358.
* test-blackbox.t -- Exit code 255 instead of 1.
* test-basic.t -- Exit code 255 instead of 1.

It certainly looks like we have a bug around exit code handling. I
don't think it is severe enough to hold up review and landing of this
initial implementation. Perfect is the enemy of good.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D1581

Test the "--base" flag of the rebase command. (Tests unrelated to the "--base"
flag should probably live in somewhere else)

  $ cat >> $HGRCPATH <<EOF
  > [extensions]
  > rebase=
  > drawdag=$TESTDIR/drawdag.py
  > 
  > [phases]
  > publish=False
  > 
  > [alias]
  > tglog = log -G --template "{rev}: {node|short} {desc}"
  > EOF

  $ rebasewithdag() {
  >   N=`$PYTHON -c "print($N+1)"`
  >   hg init repo$N && cd repo$N
  >   hg debugdrawdag
  >   hg rebase "$@" > _rebasetmp
  >   r=$?
  >   grep -v 'saved backup bundle' _rebasetmp
  >   [ $r -eq 0 ] && hg tglog
  >   cd ..
  >   return $r
  > }

Single branching point, without merge:

  $ rebasewithdag -b D -d Z <<'EOS'
  >     D E
  >     |/
  > Z B C   # C: branching point, E should be picked
  >  \|/    # B should not be picked
  >   A
  >   |
  >   R
  > EOS
  rebasing 3:d6003a550c2c "C" (C)
  rebasing 5:4526cf523425 "D" (D)
  rebasing 6:b296604d9846 "E" (E tip)
  o  6: 4870f5e7df37 E
  |
  | o  5: dc999528138a D
  |/
  o  4: 6b3e11729672 C
  |
  o  3: 57e70bad1ea3 Z
  |
  | o  2: c1e6b162678d B
  |/
  o  1: 21a6c4502885 A
  |
  o  0: b41ce7760717 R
  
Multiple branching points caused by selecting a single merge changeset:

  $ rebasewithdag -b E -d Z <<'EOS'
  >     E
  >    /|
  >   B C D  # B, C: multiple branching points
  >   | |/   # D should not be picked
  > Z | /
  >  \|/
  >   A
  >   |
  >   R
  > EOS
  rebasing 2:c1e6b162678d "B" (B)
  rebasing 3:d6003a550c2c "C" (C)
  rebasing 6:54c8f00cb91c "E" (E tip)
  o    6: 00598421b616 E
  |\
  | o  5: 6b3e11729672 C
  | |
  o |  4: 85260910e847 B
  |/
  o  3: 57e70bad1ea3 Z
  |
  | o  2: 8924700906fe D
  |/
  o  1: 21a6c4502885 A
  |
  o  0: b41ce7760717 R
  
Rebase should not extend the "--base" revset using "descendants":

  $ rebasewithdag -b B -d Z <<'EOS'
  >     E
  >    /|
  > Z B C  # descendants(B) = B+E. With E, C will be included incorrectly
  >  \|/
  >   A
  >   |
  >   R
  > EOS
  rebasing 2:c1e6b162678d "B" (B)
  rebasing 5:54c8f00cb91c "E" (E tip)
  o    5: e583bf3ff54c E
  |\
  | o  4: 85260910e847 B
  | |
  | o  3: 57e70bad1ea3 Z
  | |
  o |  2: d6003a550c2c C
  |/
  o  1: 21a6c4502885 A
  |
  o  0: b41ce7760717 R
  
Rebase should not simplify the "--base" revset using "roots":

  $ rebasewithdag -b B+E -d Z <<'EOS'
  >     E
  >    /|
  > Z B C  # roots(B+E) = B. Without E, C will be missed incorrectly
  >  \|/
  >   A
  >   |
  >   R
  > EOS
  rebasing 2:c1e6b162678d "B" (B)
  rebasing 3:d6003a550c2c "C" (C)
  rebasing 5:54c8f00cb91c "E" (E tip)
  o    5: 00598421b616 E
  |\
  | o  4: 6b3e11729672 C
  | |
  o |  3: 85260910e847 B
  |/
  o  2: 57e70bad1ea3 Z
  |
  o  1: 21a6c4502885 A
  |
  o  0: b41ce7760717 R
  
The destination is one of the two branching points of a merge:

  $ rebasewithdag -b F -d Z <<'EOS'
  >     F
  >    / \
  >   E   D
  >  /   /
  > Z   C
  >  \ /
  >   B
  >   |
  >   A
  > EOS
  nothing to rebase
  [1]

Multiple branching points caused by multiple bases (issue5420):

  $ rebasewithdag -b E1+E2+C2+B1 -d Z <<'EOS'
  >   Z    E2
  >   |   /
  >   F E1 C2
  >   |/  /
  >   E C1 B2
  >   |/  /
  >   C B1
  >   |/
  >   B
  >   |
  >   A
  >   |
  >   R
  > EOS
  rebasing 3:a113dbaa660a "B1" (B1)
  rebasing 5:06ce7b1cc8c2 "B2" (B2)
  rebasing 6:0ac98cce32d3 "C1" (C1)
  rebasing 8:781512f5e33d "C2" (C2)
  rebasing 9:428d8c18f641 "E1" (E1)
  rebasing 11:e1bf82f6b6df "E2" (E2)
  o  12: e4a37b6fdbd2 E2
  |
  o  11: 9675bea983df E1
  |
  | o  10: 4faf5d4c80dc C2
  | |
  | o  9: d4799b1ad57d C1
  |/
  | o  8: 772732dc64d6 B2
  | |
  | o  7: ad3ac528a49f B1
  |/
  o  6: 2cbdfca6b9d5 Z
  |
  o  5: fcdb3293ec13 F
  |
  o  4: a4652bb8ac54 E
  |
  o  3: bd5548558fcf C
  |
  o  2: c1e6b162678d B
  |
  o  1: 21a6c4502885 A
  |
  o  0: b41ce7760717 R
  
Multiple branching points with multiple merges:

  $ rebasewithdag -b G+P -d Z <<'EOS'
  > G   H   P
  > |\ /|   |\
  > F E D   M N
  >  \|/|  /| |\
  > Z C B I J K L
  >  \|/  |/  |/
  >   A   A   A
  > EOS
  rebasing 2:dc0947a82db8 "C" (C)
  rebasing 8:4e4f9194f9f1 "D" (D)
  rebasing 9:03ca77807e91 "E" (E)
  rebasing 10:afc707c82df0 "F" (F)
  rebasing 13:690dfff91e9e "G" (G)
  rebasing 14:2893b886bb10 "H" (H)
  rebasing 3:08ebfeb61bac "I" (I)
  rebasing 4:a0a5005cec67 "J" (J)
  rebasing 5:83780307a7e8 "K" (K)
  rebasing 6:e131637a1cb6 "L" (L)
  rebasing 11:d1f6d0c3c7e4 "M" (M)
  rebasing 12:7aaec6f81888 "N" (N)
  rebasing 15:325bc8f1760d "P" (P tip)
  o    15: 6ef6a0ea3b18 P
  |\
  | o    14: 20ba3610a7e5 N
  | |\
  o \ \    13: cd4f6c06d2ab M
  |\ \ \
  | | | o  12: bca872041455 L
  | | | |
  | | o |  11: 7bbb6c8a6ad7 K
  | | |/
  | o /  10: de0cbffe893e J
  | |/
  o /  9: 0e710f176a88 I
  |/
  | o    8: 52507bab39ca H
  | |\
  | | | o  7: bb5fe4652f0d G
  | | |/|
  | | | o  6: f4ad4b31daf4 F
  | | | |
  | | o |  5: b168f85f2e78 E
  | | |/
  | o |  4: 8d09fcdb5594 D
  | |\|
  +---o  3: ab70b4c5a9c9 C
  | |
  o |  2: 262e37e34f63 Z
  | |
  | o  1: 112478962961 B
  |/
  o  0: 426bada5c675 A
  
Slightly more complex merge case (mentioned in https://www.mercurial-scm.org/pipermail/mercurial-devel/2016-November/091074.html):

  $ rebasewithdag -b A3+B3 -d Z <<'EOF'
  > Z     C1    A3     B3
  > |    /     / \    / \
  > M3 C0     A1  A2 B1  B2
  > | /       |   |  |   |
  > M2        M1  C1 C1  M3
  > |
  > M1
  > |
  > M0
  > EOF
  rebasing 4:8817fae53c94 "C0" (C0)
  rebasing 6:06ca5dfe3b5b "B2" (B2)
  rebasing 7:73508237b032 "C1" (C1)
  rebasing 9:fdb955e2faed "A2" (A2)
  rebasing 11:4e449bd1a643 "A3" (A3)
  rebasing 10:0a33b0519128 "B1" (B1)
  rebasing 12:209327807c3a "B3" (B3 tip)
  o    12: ceb984566332 B3
  |\
  | o  11: 19d93caac497 B1
  | |
  | | o    10: 058e73d3916b A3
  | | |\
  | +---o  9: 0ba13ad72234 A2
  | | |
  | o |  8: c122c2af10c6 C1
  | | |
  o | |  7: 74275896650e B2
  | | |
  | o |  6: 455ba9bd3ea2 C0
  |/ /
  o |  5: b3d7d2fda53b Z
  | |
  o |  4: 182ab6383dd7 M3
  | |
  o |  3: 6c3f73563d5f M2
  | |
  | o  2: 88c860fffcc2 A1
  |/
  o  1: bc852baa85dd M1
  |
  o  0: dbdfc5c9bcd5 M0
  
Disconnected graph:

  $ rebasewithdag -b B -d Z <<'EOS'
  >   B
  >   |
  > Z A
  > EOS
  nothing to rebase from 112478962961 to 48b9aae0607f
  [1]

Multiple roots. Roots are ancestors of dest:

  $ rebasewithdag -b B+D -d Z <<'EOF'
  > D Z B
  >  \|\|
  >   C A
  > EOF
  rebasing 2:112478962961 "B" (B)
  rebasing 3:b70f76719894 "D" (D)
  o  4: 511efad7bf13 D
  |
  | o  3: 25c4e279af62 B
  |/
  o    2: 3a49f54d7bb1 Z
  |\
  | o  1: 96cc3511f894 C
  |
  o  0: 426bada5c675 A
  
Multiple roots. One root is not an ancestor of dest:

  $ rebasewithdag -b B+D -d Z <<'EOF'
  > Z B D
  >  \|\|
  >   A C
  > EOF
  nothing to rebase from f675d5a1c6a4+b70f76719894 to 262e37e34f63
  [1]

Multiple roots. One root is not an ancestor of dest. Select using a merge:

  $ rebasewithdag -b E -d Z <<'EOF'
  >   E
  >   |\
  > Z B D
  >  \|\|
  >   A C
  > EOF
  rebasing 2:f675d5a1c6a4 "B" (B)
  rebasing 5:f68696fe6af8 "E" (E tip)
  o    5: f6e6f5081554 E
  |\
  | o    4: 30cabcba27be B
  | |\
  | | o  3: 262e37e34f63 Z
  | | |
  o | |  2: b70f76719894 D
  |/ /
  o /  1: 96cc3511f894 C
   /
  o  0: 426bada5c675 A
  
Multiple roots. Two children share two parents while dest has only one parent:

  $ rebasewithdag -b B+D -d Z <<'EOF'
  > Z B D
  >  \|\|\
  >   A C A
  > EOF
  rebasing 2:f675d5a1c6a4 "B" (B)
  rebasing 3:c2a779e13b56 "D" (D)
  o    4: 5eecd056b5f8 D
  |\
  +---o  3: 30cabcba27be B
  | |/
  | o  2: 262e37e34f63 Z
  | |
  o |  1: 96cc3511f894 C
   /
  o  0: 426bada5c675 A