view mercurial/help/merge-tools.txt @ 41247:a89b20a49c13

rust-cpython: using MissingAncestors from Python code

As precedently done with LazyAncestors on cpython.rs, we test for the
presence of the 'rustext' module.

incrementalmissingrevs() has two callers within the Mercurial core:
`setdiscovery.partialdiscovery` and the `only()` revset.

This move shows a significant discovery performance improvement
in cases where the baseline is slow: using perfdiscovery on the PyPy
repos, prepared with `contrib/discovery-helper <repo> 50 100`, we
get averaged medians of 403ms with the Rust version vs 742ms without
(about 45% better).

But there are still indications that performance can be worse in cases
the baseline is fast, possibly due to the conversion from Python to
Rust and back becoming the bottleneck. We could measure this on
mozilla-central in cases were the delta is just a few changesets.
This requires confirmation, but if that's the reason, then an
upcoming `partialdiscovery` fully in Rust should solve the problem.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D5551

To merge files Mercurial uses merge tools.

A merge tool combines two different versions of a file into a merged
file. Merge tools are given the two files and the greatest common
ancestor of the two file versions, so they can determine the changes
made on both branches.

Merge tools are used both for :hg:`resolve`, :hg:`merge`, :hg:`update`,
:hg:`backout` and in several extensions.

Usually, the merge tool tries to automatically reconcile the files by
combining all non-overlapping changes that occurred separately in
the two different evolutions of the same initial base file. Furthermore, some
interactive merge programs make it easier to manually resolve
conflicting merges, either in a graphical way, or by inserting some
conflict markers. Mercurial does not include any interactive merge
programs but relies on external tools for that.

Available merge tools
=====================

External merge tools and their properties are configured in the
merge-tools configuration section - see hgrc(5) - but they can often just
be named by their executable.

A merge tool is generally usable if its executable can be found on the
system and if it can handle the merge. The executable is found if it
is an absolute or relative executable path or the name of an
application in the executable search path. The tool is assumed to be
able to handle the merge if it can handle symlinks if the file is a
symlink, if it can handle binary files if the file is binary, and if a
GUI is available if the tool requires a GUI.

There are some internal merge tools which can be used. The internal
merge tools are:

.. internaltoolsmarker

Internal tools are always available and do not require a GUI but will
by default not handle symlinks or binary files. See next section for
detail about "actual capabilities" described above.

Choosing a merge tool
=====================

Mercurial uses these rules when deciding which merge tool to use:

1. If a tool has been specified with the --tool option to merge or resolve, it
   is used.  If it is the name of a tool in the merge-tools configuration, its
   configuration is used. Otherwise the specified tool must be executable by
   the shell.

2. If the ``HGMERGE`` environment variable is present, its value is used and
   must be executable by the shell.

3. If the filename of the file to be merged matches any of the patterns in the
   merge-patterns configuration section, the first usable merge tool
   corresponding to a matching pattern is used.

4. If ui.merge is set it will be considered next. If the value is not the name
   of a configured tool, the specified value is used and must be executable by
   the shell. Otherwise the named tool is used if it is usable.

5. If any usable merge tools are present in the merge-tools configuration
   section, the one with the highest priority is used.

6. If a program named ``hgmerge`` can be found on the system, it is used - but
   it will by default not be used for symlinks and binary files.

7. If the file to be merged is not binary and is not a symlink, then
   internal ``:merge`` is used.

8. Otherwise, ``:prompt`` is used.

For historical reason, Mercurial treats merge tools as below while
examining rules above.

==== =============== ====== =======
step specified via   binary symlink
==== =============== ====== =======
1.   --tool          o/o    o/o
2.   HGMERGE         o/o    o/o
3.   merge-patterns  o/o(*) x/?(*)
4.   ui.merge        x/?(*) x/?(*)
==== =============== ====== =======

Each capability column indicates Mercurial behavior for
internal/external merge tools at examining each rule.

- "o": "assume that a tool has capability"
- "x": "assume that a tool does not have capability"
- "?": "check actual capability of a tool"

If ``merge.strict-capability-check`` configuration is true, Mercurial
checks capabilities of merge tools strictly in (*) cases above (= each
capability column becomes "?/?"). It is false by default for backward
compatibility.

.. note::

   After selecting a merge program, Mercurial will by default attempt
   to merge the files using a simple merge algorithm first. Only if it doesn't
   succeed because of conflicting changes will Mercurial actually execute the
   merge program. Whether to use the simple merge algorithm first can be
   controlled by the premerge setting of the merge tool. Premerge is enabled by
   default unless the file is binary or a symlink.

See the merge-tools and ui sections of hgrc(5) for details on the
configuration of merge tools.