tests/test-oldcgi.t

cborutil: implement sans I/O decoder

The vendored CBOR package decodes by calling read(n) on an object.
There are a number of disadvantages to this:

* Uses blocking I/O. If sufficient data is not available, the decoder
  will hang until it is.
* No support for partial reads. If the read(n) returns less data than
  requested, the decoder raises an error.
* Requires the use of a file like object. If the original data is in
  say a buffer, we need to "cast" it to e.g. a BytesIO to appease the
  decoder.

In addition, the vendored CBOR decoder doesn't provide flexibility
that we desire. Specifically:

* It buffers indefinite length bytestrings instead of streaming them.
* It doesn't allow limiting the set of types that can be decoded. This
  property is useful when implementing a "hardened" decoder that is
  less susceptible to abusive input.
* It doesn't provide sufficient "hook points" and introspection to
  institute checks around behavior. These are useful for implementing
  a "hardened" decoder.

This all adds up to a reasonable set of justifications for writing our
own decoder.

So, this commit implements our own CBOR decoder.

At the heart of the decoder is a function that decodes a single "item"
from a buffer. This item can be a complete simple value or a special
value, such as "start of array." Using this function, we can build a
decoder that effectively iterates over the stream of decoded items and
builds up higher-level values, such as arrays, maps, sets, and indefinite
length bytestrings. And we can do this without performing I/O in the
decoder itself.

The core of the sans I/O decoder will probably not be used directly.
Instead, it is expected that we'll build utility functions for invoking
the decoder given specific input types. This will allow extreme
flexibility in how data is delivered to the decoder.

I'm pretty happy with the state of the decoder modulo the TODO items
to track wanted features to help with a "hardened" decoder. The one
thing I could be convinced to change is the handling of semantic tags.
Since we only support a single semantic tag (sets), I thought it would
be easier to handle them inline in decodeitem(). This is simpler now.
But if we add support for other semantic tags, it will likely be easier
to move semantic tag handling outside of decodeitem(). But, properly
supporting semantic tags opens up a whole can of worms, as many
semantic tags imply new types. I'm optimistic we won't need these in
Mercurial. But who knows.

I'm also pretty happy with the test coverage. Writing comprehensive
tests for partial decoding did flush out a handful of bugs. One
general improvement to testing would be fuzz testing for partial
decoding. I may implement that later. I also anticipate switching the
wire protocol code to this new decoder will flush out any lingering
bugs.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D4414

#require no-msys # MSYS will translate web paths as if they were file paths

This tests if CGI files from before d0db3462d568 still work.

  $ hg init test
  $ cat >hgweb.cgi <<HGWEB
  > #!$PYTHON
  > #
  > # An example CGI script to use hgweb, edit as necessary
  > 
  > import cgitb, os, sys
  > cgitb.enable()
  > 
  > # sys.path.insert(0, "/path/to/python/lib") # if not a system-wide install
  > from mercurial import hgweb
  > 
  > h = hgweb.hgweb("test", "Empty test repository")
  > h.run()
  > HGWEB

  $ chmod 755 hgweb.cgi

  $ cat >hgweb.config <<HGWEBDIRCONF
  > [paths]
  > test = test
  > HGWEBDIRCONF

  $ cat >hgwebdir.cgi <<HGWEBDIR
  > #!$PYTHON
  > #
  > # An example CGI script to export multiple hgweb repos, edit as necessary
  > 
  > import cgitb, sys
  > cgitb.enable()
  > 
  > # sys.path.insert(0, "/path/to/python/lib") # if not a system-wide install
  > from mercurial import hgweb
  > 
  > # The config file looks like this.  You can have paths to individual
  > # repos, collections of repos in a directory tree, or both.
  > #
  > # [paths]
  > # virtual/path = /real/path
  > # virtual/path = /real/path
  > #
  > # [collections]
  > # /prefix/to/strip/off = /root/of/tree/full/of/repos
  > #
  > # collections example: say directory tree /foo contains repos /foo/bar,
  > # /foo/quux/baz.  Give this config section:
  > #   [collections]
  > #   /foo = /foo
  > # Then repos will list as bar and quux/baz.
  > 
  > # Alternatively you can pass a list of ('virtual/path', '/real/path') tuples
  > # or use a dictionary with entries like 'virtual/path': '/real/path'
  > 
  > h = hgweb.hgwebdir("hgweb.config")
  > h.run()
  > HGWEBDIR

  $ chmod 755 hgwebdir.cgi

  $ . "$TESTDIR/cgienv"
  $ $PYTHON hgweb.cgi > page1
  $ $PYTHON hgwebdir.cgi > page2

  $ PATH_INFO="/test/"
  $ PATH_TRANSLATED="/var/something/test.cgi"
  $ REQUEST_URI="/test/test/"
  $ SCRIPT_URI="http://hg.omnifarious.org/test/test/"
  $ SCRIPT_URL="/test/test/"
  $ $PYTHON hgwebdir.cgi > page3

  $ grep -i error page1 page2 page3
  [1]