merge: introduce 'c' action like 'g', but with additional safety
_checkunknownfile() reads the filelog of the remote side's file. For
narrow clones, the filelog will not exist for all files and we need a
way to avoid reading them. While it would be easier for the narrow
extension to just override _checkunknownfile() and make it ignore
files outside the narrow clone, it seems cleaner to have
manifestmerge() not care about filelogs (considering its
name).
In order to move the calls to _checkunknownfile() out, we need to be
able to tell in which cases we should check for unknown files. Let's
start by introducing a new action distinct from 'g' for this
purpose. Specifically, the new action will be just like 'g' except
that it will check that for conflicting unknown files first. For now,
just add the new action type and convert it to 'g'.
# wireproto.py - generic wire protocol support functions
#
# Copyright 2005-2010 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
import urllib, tempfile, os, sys
from i18n import _
from node import bin, hex
import changegroup as changegroupmod, bundle2, pushkey as pushkeymod
import peer, error, encoding, util, store, exchange
class abstractserverproto(object):
"""abstract class that summarizes the protocol API
Used as reference and documentation.
"""
def getargs(self, args):
"""return the value for arguments in <args>
returns a list of values (same order as <args>)"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def getfile(self, fp):
"""write the whole content of a file into a file like object
The file is in the form::
(<chunk-size>\n<chunk>)+0\n
chunk size is the ascii version of the int.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def redirect(self):
"""may setup interception for stdout and stderr
See also the `restore` method."""
raise NotImplementedError()
# If the `redirect` function does install interception, the `restore`
# function MUST be defined. If interception is not used, this function
# MUST NOT be defined.
#
# left commented here on purpose
#
#def restore(self):
# """reinstall previous stdout and stderr and return intercepted stdout
# """
# raise NotImplementedError()
def groupchunks(self, cg):
"""return 4096 chunks from a changegroup object
Some protocols may have compressed the contents."""
raise NotImplementedError()
# abstract batching support
class future(object):
'''placeholder for a value to be set later'''
def set(self, value):
if util.safehasattr(self, 'value'):
raise error.RepoError("future is already set")
self.value = value
class batcher(object):
'''base class for batches of commands submittable in a single request
All methods invoked on instances of this class are simply queued and
return a a future for the result. Once you call submit(), all the queued
calls are performed and the results set in their respective futures.
'''
def __init__(self):
self.calls = []
def __getattr__(self, name):
def call(*args, **opts):
resref = future()
self.calls.append((name, args, opts, resref,))
return resref
return call
def submit(self):
pass
class localbatch(batcher):
'''performs the queued calls directly'''
def __init__(self, local):
batcher.__init__(self)
self.local = local
def submit(self):
for name, args, opts, resref in self.calls:
resref.set(getattr(self.local, name)(*args, **opts))
class remotebatch(batcher):
'''batches the queued calls; uses as few roundtrips as possible'''
def __init__(self, remote):
'''remote must support _submitbatch(encbatch) and
_submitone(op, encargs)'''
batcher.__init__(self)
self.remote = remote
def submit(self):
req, rsp = [], []
for name, args, opts, resref in self.calls:
mtd = getattr(self.remote, name)
batchablefn = getattr(mtd, 'batchable', None)
if batchablefn is not None:
batchable = batchablefn(mtd.im_self, *args, **opts)
encargsorres, encresref = batchable.next()
if encresref:
req.append((name, encargsorres,))
rsp.append((batchable, encresref, resref,))
else:
resref.set(encargsorres)
else:
if req:
self._submitreq(req, rsp)
req, rsp = [], []
resref.set(mtd(*args, **opts))
if req:
self._submitreq(req, rsp)
def _submitreq(self, req, rsp):
encresults = self.remote._submitbatch(req)
for encres, r in zip(encresults, rsp):
batchable, encresref, resref = r
encresref.set(encres)
resref.set(batchable.next())
def batchable(f):
'''annotation for batchable methods
Such methods must implement a coroutine as follows:
@batchable
def sample(self, one, two=None):
# Handle locally computable results first:
if not one:
yield "a local result", None
# Build list of encoded arguments suitable for your wire protocol:
encargs = [('one', encode(one),), ('two', encode(two),)]
# Create future for injection of encoded result:
encresref = future()
# Return encoded arguments and future:
yield encargs, encresref
# Assuming the future to be filled with the result from the batched
# request now. Decode it:
yield decode(encresref.value)
The decorator returns a function which wraps this coroutine as a plain
method, but adds the original method as an attribute called "batchable",
which is used by remotebatch to split the call into separate encoding and
decoding phases.
'''
def plain(*args, **opts):
batchable = f(*args, **opts)
encargsorres, encresref = batchable.next()
if not encresref:
return encargsorres # a local result in this case
self = args[0]
encresref.set(self._submitone(f.func_name, encargsorres))
return batchable.next()
setattr(plain, 'batchable', f)
return plain
# list of nodes encoding / decoding
def decodelist(l, sep=' '):
if l:
return map(bin, l.split(sep))
return []
def encodelist(l, sep=' '):
return sep.join(map(hex, l))
# batched call argument encoding
def escapearg(plain):
return (plain
.replace(':', '::')
.replace(',', ':,')
.replace(';', ':;')
.replace('=', ':='))
def unescapearg(escaped):
return (escaped
.replace(':=', '=')
.replace(':;', ';')
.replace(':,', ',')
.replace('::', ':'))
# mapping of options accepted by getbundle and their types
#
# Meant to be extended by extensions. It is extensions responsibility to ensure
# such options are properly processed in exchange.getbundle.
#
# supported types are:
#
# :nodes: list of binary nodes
# :csv: list of comma-separated values
# :plain: string with no transformation needed.
gboptsmap = {'heads': 'nodes',
'common': 'nodes',
'obsmarkers': 'boolean',
'bundlecaps': 'csv',
'listkeys': 'csv',
'cg': 'boolean'}
# client side
class wirepeer(peer.peerrepository):
def batch(self):
return remotebatch(self)
def _submitbatch(self, req):
cmds = []
for op, argsdict in req:
args = ','.join('%s=%s' % p for p in argsdict.iteritems())
cmds.append('%s %s' % (op, args))
rsp = self._call("batch", cmds=';'.join(cmds))
return rsp.split(';')
def _submitone(self, op, args):
return self._call(op, **args)
@batchable
def lookup(self, key):
self.requirecap('lookup', _('look up remote revision'))
f = future()
yield {'key': encoding.fromlocal(key)}, f
d = f.value
success, data = d[:-1].split(" ", 1)
if int(success):
yield bin(data)
self._abort(error.RepoError(data))
@batchable
def heads(self):
f = future()
yield {}, f
d = f.value
try:
yield decodelist(d[:-1])
except ValueError:
self._abort(error.ResponseError(_("unexpected response:"), d))
@batchable
def known(self, nodes):
f = future()
yield {'nodes': encodelist(nodes)}, f
d = f.value
try:
yield [bool(int(b)) for b in d]
except ValueError:
self._abort(error.ResponseError(_("unexpected response:"), d))
@batchable
def branchmap(self):
f = future()
yield {}, f
d = f.value
try:
branchmap = {}
for branchpart in d.splitlines():
branchname, branchheads = branchpart.split(' ', 1)
branchname = encoding.tolocal(urllib.unquote(branchname))
branchheads = decodelist(branchheads)
branchmap[branchname] = branchheads
yield branchmap
except TypeError:
self._abort(error.ResponseError(_("unexpected response:"), d))
def branches(self, nodes):
n = encodelist(nodes)
d = self._call("branches", nodes=n)
try:
br = [tuple(decodelist(b)) for b in d.splitlines()]
return br
except ValueError:
self._abort(error.ResponseError(_("unexpected response:"), d))
def between(self, pairs):
batch = 8 # avoid giant requests
r = []
for i in xrange(0, len(pairs), batch):
n = " ".join([encodelist(p, '-') for p in pairs[i:i + batch]])
d = self._call("between", pairs=n)
try:
r.extend(l and decodelist(l) or [] for l in d.splitlines())
except ValueError:
self._abort(error.ResponseError(_("unexpected response:"), d))
return r
@batchable
def pushkey(self, namespace, key, old, new):
if not self.capable('pushkey'):
yield False, None
f = future()
self.ui.debug('preparing pushkey for "%s:%s"\n' % (namespace, key))
yield {'namespace': encoding.fromlocal(namespace),
'key': encoding.fromlocal(key),
'old': encoding.fromlocal(old),
'new': encoding.fromlocal(new)}, f
d = f.value
d, output = d.split('\n', 1)
try:
d = bool(int(d))
except ValueError:
raise error.ResponseError(
_('push failed (unexpected response):'), d)
for l in output.splitlines(True):
self.ui.status(_('remote: '), l)
yield d
@batchable
def listkeys(self, namespace):
if not self.capable('pushkey'):
yield {}, None
f = future()
self.ui.debug('preparing listkeys for "%s"\n' % namespace)
yield {'namespace': encoding.fromlocal(namespace)}, f
d = f.value
yield pushkeymod.decodekeys(d)
def stream_out(self):
return self._callstream('stream_out')
def changegroup(self, nodes, kind):
n = encodelist(nodes)
f = self._callcompressable("changegroup", roots=n)
return changegroupmod.cg1unpacker(f, 'UN')
def changegroupsubset(self, bases, heads, kind):
self.requirecap('changegroupsubset', _('look up remote changes'))
bases = encodelist(bases)
heads = encodelist(heads)
f = self._callcompressable("changegroupsubset",
bases=bases, heads=heads)
return changegroupmod.cg1unpacker(f, 'UN')
def getbundle(self, source, **kwargs):
self.requirecap('getbundle', _('look up remote changes'))
opts = {}
for key, value in kwargs.iteritems():
if value is None:
continue
keytype = gboptsmap.get(key)
if keytype is None:
assert False, 'unexpected'
elif keytype == 'nodes':
value = encodelist(value)
elif keytype == 'csv':
value = ','.join(value)
elif keytype == 'boolean':
value = '%i' % bool(value)
elif keytype != 'plain':
raise KeyError('unknown getbundle option type %s'
% keytype)
opts[key] = value
f = self._callcompressable("getbundle", **opts)
bundlecaps = kwargs.get('bundlecaps')
if bundlecaps is not None and 'HG2Y' in bundlecaps:
return bundle2.unbundle20(self.ui, f)
else:
return changegroupmod.cg1unpacker(f, 'UN')
def unbundle(self, cg, heads, source):
'''Send cg (a readable file-like object representing the
changegroup to push, typically a chunkbuffer object) to the
remote server as a bundle.
When pushing a bundle10 stream, return an integer indicating the
result of the push (see localrepository.addchangegroup()).
When pushing a bundle20 stream, return a bundle20 stream.'''
if heads != ['force'] and self.capable('unbundlehash'):
heads = encodelist(['hashed',
util.sha1(''.join(sorted(heads))).digest()])
else:
heads = encodelist(heads)
if util.safehasattr(cg, 'deltaheader'):
# this a bundle10, do the old style call sequence
ret, output = self._callpush("unbundle", cg, heads=heads)
if ret == "":
raise error.ResponseError(
_('push failed:'), output)
try:
ret = int(ret)
except ValueError:
raise error.ResponseError(
_('push failed (unexpected response):'), ret)
for l in output.splitlines(True):
self.ui.status(_('remote: '), l)
else:
# bundle2 push. Send a stream, fetch a stream.
stream = self._calltwowaystream('unbundle', cg, heads=heads)
ret = bundle2.unbundle20(self.ui, stream)
return ret
def debugwireargs(self, one, two, three=None, four=None, five=None):
# don't pass optional arguments left at their default value
opts = {}
if three is not None:
opts['three'] = three
if four is not None:
opts['four'] = four
return self._call('debugwireargs', one=one, two=two, **opts)
def _call(self, cmd, **args):
"""execute <cmd> on the server
The command is expected to return a simple string.
returns the server reply as a string."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _callstream(self, cmd, **args):
"""execute <cmd> on the server
The command is expected to return a stream.
returns the server reply as a file like object."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _callcompressable(self, cmd, **args):
"""execute <cmd> on the server
The command is expected to return a stream.
The stream may have been compressed in some implementations. This
function takes care of the decompression. This is the only difference
with _callstream.
returns the server reply as a file like object.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _callpush(self, cmd, fp, **args):
"""execute a <cmd> on server
The command is expected to be related to a push. Push has a special
return method.
returns the server reply as a (ret, output) tuple. ret is either
empty (error) or a stringified int.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _calltwowaystream(self, cmd, fp, **args):
"""execute <cmd> on server
The command will send a stream to the server and get a stream in reply.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _abort(self, exception):
"""clearly abort the wire protocol connection and raise the exception
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
# server side
# wire protocol command can either return a string or one of these classes.
class streamres(object):
"""wireproto reply: binary stream
The call was successful and the result is a stream.
Iterate on the `self.gen` attribute to retrieve chunks.
"""
def __init__(self, gen):
self.gen = gen
class pushres(object):
"""wireproto reply: success with simple integer return
The call was successful and returned an integer contained in `self.res`.
"""
def __init__(self, res):
self.res = res
class pusherr(object):
"""wireproto reply: failure
The call failed. The `self.res` attribute contains the error message.
"""
def __init__(self, res):
self.res = res
class ooberror(object):
"""wireproto reply: failure of a batch of operation
Something failed during a batch call. The error message is stored in
`self.message`.
"""
def __init__(self, message):
self.message = message
def dispatch(repo, proto, command):
repo = repo.filtered("served")
func, spec = commands[command]
args = proto.getargs(spec)
return func(repo, proto, *args)
def options(cmd, keys, others):
opts = {}
for k in keys:
if k in others:
opts[k] = others[k]
del others[k]
if others:
sys.stderr.write("warning: %s ignored unexpected arguments %s\n"
% (cmd, ",".join(others)))
return opts
# list of commands
commands = {}
def wireprotocommand(name, args=''):
"""decorator for wire protocol command"""
def register(func):
commands[name] = (func, args)
return func
return register
@wireprotocommand('batch', 'cmds *')
def batch(repo, proto, cmds, others):
repo = repo.filtered("served")
res = []
for pair in cmds.split(';'):
op, args = pair.split(' ', 1)
vals = {}
for a in args.split(','):
if a:
n, v = a.split('=')
vals[n] = unescapearg(v)
func, spec = commands[op]
if spec:
keys = spec.split()
data = {}
for k in keys:
if k == '*':
star = {}
for key in vals.keys():
if key not in keys:
star[key] = vals[key]
data['*'] = star
else:
data[k] = vals[k]
result = func(repo, proto, *[data[k] for k in keys])
else:
result = func(repo, proto)
if isinstance(result, ooberror):
return result
res.append(escapearg(result))
return ';'.join(res)
@wireprotocommand('between', 'pairs')
def between(repo, proto, pairs):
pairs = [decodelist(p, '-') for p in pairs.split(" ")]
r = []
for b in repo.between(pairs):
r.append(encodelist(b) + "\n")
return "".join(r)
@wireprotocommand('branchmap')
def branchmap(repo, proto):
branchmap = repo.branchmap()
heads = []
for branch, nodes in branchmap.iteritems():
branchname = urllib.quote(encoding.fromlocal(branch))
branchnodes = encodelist(nodes)
heads.append('%s %s' % (branchname, branchnodes))
return '\n'.join(heads)
@wireprotocommand('branches', 'nodes')
def branches(repo, proto, nodes):
nodes = decodelist(nodes)
r = []
for b in repo.branches(nodes):
r.append(encodelist(b) + "\n")
return "".join(r)
wireprotocaps = ['lookup', 'changegroupsubset', 'branchmap', 'pushkey',
'known', 'getbundle', 'unbundlehash', 'batch']
def _capabilities(repo, proto):
"""return a list of capabilities for a repo
This function exists to allow extensions to easily wrap capabilities
computation
- returns a lists: easy to alter
- change done here will be propagated to both `capabilities` and `hello`
command without any other action needed.
"""
# copy to prevent modification of the global list
caps = list(wireprotocaps)
if _allowstream(repo.ui):
if repo.ui.configbool('server', 'preferuncompressed', False):
caps.append('stream-preferred')
requiredformats = repo.requirements & repo.supportedformats
# if our local revlogs are just revlogv1, add 'stream' cap
if not requiredformats - set(('revlogv1',)):
caps.append('stream')
# otherwise, add 'streamreqs' detailing our local revlog format
else:
caps.append('streamreqs=%s' % ','.join(requiredformats))
if repo.ui.configbool('experimental', 'bundle2-exp', False):
capsblob = bundle2.encodecaps(bundle2.getrepocaps(repo))
caps.append('bundle2-exp=' + urllib.quote(capsblob))
caps.append('unbundle=%s' % ','.join(changegroupmod.bundlepriority))
caps.append('httpheader=1024')
return caps
# If you are writing an extension and consider wrapping this function. Wrap
# `_capabilities` instead.
@wireprotocommand('capabilities')
def capabilities(repo, proto):
return ' '.join(_capabilities(repo, proto))
@wireprotocommand('changegroup', 'roots')
def changegroup(repo, proto, roots):
nodes = decodelist(roots)
cg = changegroupmod.changegroup(repo, nodes, 'serve')
return streamres(proto.groupchunks(cg))
@wireprotocommand('changegroupsubset', 'bases heads')
def changegroupsubset(repo, proto, bases, heads):
bases = decodelist(bases)
heads = decodelist(heads)
cg = changegroupmod.changegroupsubset(repo, bases, heads, 'serve')
return streamres(proto.groupchunks(cg))
@wireprotocommand('debugwireargs', 'one two *')
def debugwireargs(repo, proto, one, two, others):
# only accept optional args from the known set
opts = options('debugwireargs', ['three', 'four'], others)
return repo.debugwireargs(one, two, **opts)
# List of options accepted by getbundle.
#
# Meant to be extended by extensions. It is the extension's responsibility to
# ensure such options are properly processed in exchange.getbundle.
gboptslist = ['heads', 'common', 'bundlecaps']
@wireprotocommand('getbundle', '*')
def getbundle(repo, proto, others):
opts = options('getbundle', gboptsmap.keys(), others)
for k, v in opts.iteritems():
keytype = gboptsmap[k]
if keytype == 'nodes':
opts[k] = decodelist(v)
elif keytype == 'csv':
opts[k] = set(v.split(','))
elif keytype == 'boolean':
opts[k] = bool(v)
elif keytype != 'plain':
raise KeyError('unknown getbundle option type %s'
% keytype)
cg = exchange.getbundle(repo, 'serve', **opts)
return streamres(proto.groupchunks(cg))
@wireprotocommand('heads')
def heads(repo, proto):
h = repo.heads()
return encodelist(h) + "\n"
@wireprotocommand('hello')
def hello(repo, proto):
'''the hello command returns a set of lines describing various
interesting things about the server, in an RFC822-like format.
Currently the only one defined is "capabilities", which
consists of a line in the form:
capabilities: space separated list of tokens
'''
return "capabilities: %s\n" % (capabilities(repo, proto))
@wireprotocommand('listkeys', 'namespace')
def listkeys(repo, proto, namespace):
d = repo.listkeys(encoding.tolocal(namespace)).items()
return pushkeymod.encodekeys(d)
@wireprotocommand('lookup', 'key')
def lookup(repo, proto, key):
try:
k = encoding.tolocal(key)
c = repo[k]
r = c.hex()
success = 1
except Exception, inst:
r = str(inst)
success = 0
return "%s %s\n" % (success, r)
@wireprotocommand('known', 'nodes *')
def known(repo, proto, nodes, others):
return ''.join(b and "1" or "0" for b in repo.known(decodelist(nodes)))
@wireprotocommand('pushkey', 'namespace key old new')
def pushkey(repo, proto, namespace, key, old, new):
# compatibility with pre-1.8 clients which were accidentally
# sending raw binary nodes rather than utf-8-encoded hex
if len(new) == 20 and new.encode('string-escape') != new:
# looks like it could be a binary node
try:
new.decode('utf-8')
new = encoding.tolocal(new) # but cleanly decodes as UTF-8
except UnicodeDecodeError:
pass # binary, leave unmodified
else:
new = encoding.tolocal(new) # normal path
if util.safehasattr(proto, 'restore'):
proto.redirect()
try:
r = repo.pushkey(encoding.tolocal(namespace), encoding.tolocal(key),
encoding.tolocal(old), new) or False
except util.Abort:
r = False
output = proto.restore()
return '%s\n%s' % (int(r), output)
r = repo.pushkey(encoding.tolocal(namespace), encoding.tolocal(key),
encoding.tolocal(old), new)
return '%s\n' % int(r)
def _allowstream(ui):
return ui.configbool('server', 'uncompressed', True, untrusted=True)
def _walkstreamfiles(repo):
# this is it's own function so extensions can override it
return repo.store.walk()
@wireprotocommand('stream_out')
def stream(repo, proto):
'''If the server supports streaming clone, it advertises the "stream"
capability with a value representing the version and flags of the repo
it is serving. Client checks to see if it understands the format.
The format is simple: the server writes out a line with the amount
of files, then the total amount of bytes to be transferred (separated
by a space). Then, for each file, the server first writes the filename
and file size (separated by the null character), then the file contents.
'''
if not _allowstream(repo.ui):
return '1\n'
entries = []
total_bytes = 0
try:
# get consistent snapshot of repo, lock during scan
lock = repo.lock()
try:
repo.ui.debug('scanning\n')
for name, ename, size in _walkstreamfiles(repo):
if size:
entries.append((name, size))
total_bytes += size
finally:
lock.release()
except error.LockError:
return '2\n' # error: 2
def streamer(repo, entries, total):
'''stream out all metadata files in repository.'''
yield '0\n' # success
repo.ui.debug('%d files, %d bytes to transfer\n' %
(len(entries), total_bytes))
yield '%d %d\n' % (len(entries), total_bytes)
sopener = repo.sopener
oldaudit = sopener.mustaudit
debugflag = repo.ui.debugflag
sopener.mustaudit = False
try:
for name, size in entries:
if debugflag:
repo.ui.debug('sending %s (%d bytes)\n' % (name, size))
# partially encode name over the wire for backwards compat
yield '%s\0%d\n' % (store.encodedir(name), size)
if size <= 65536:
fp = sopener(name)
try:
data = fp.read(size)
finally:
fp.close()
yield data
else:
for chunk in util.filechunkiter(sopener(name), limit=size):
yield chunk
# replace with "finally:" when support for python 2.4 has been dropped
except Exception:
sopener.mustaudit = oldaudit
raise
sopener.mustaudit = oldaudit
return streamres(streamer(repo, entries, total_bytes))
@wireprotocommand('unbundle', 'heads')
def unbundle(repo, proto, heads):
their_heads = decodelist(heads)
try:
proto.redirect()
exchange.check_heads(repo, their_heads, 'preparing changes')
# write bundle data to temporary file because it can be big
fd, tempname = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='hg-unbundle-')
fp = os.fdopen(fd, 'wb+')
r = 0
try:
proto.getfile(fp)
fp.seek(0)
gen = exchange.readbundle(repo.ui, fp, None)
r = exchange.unbundle(repo, gen, their_heads, 'serve',
proto._client())
if util.safehasattr(r, 'addpart'):
# The return looks streamable, we are in the bundle2 case and
# should return a stream.
return streamres(r.getchunks())
return pushres(r)
finally:
fp.close()
os.unlink(tempname)
except error.BundleValueError, exc:
bundler = bundle2.bundle20(repo.ui)
errpart = bundler.newpart('b2x:error:unsupportedcontent')
if exc.parttype is not None:
errpart.addparam('parttype', exc.parttype)
if exc.params:
errpart.addparam('params', '\0'.join(exc.params))
return streamres(bundler.getchunks())
except util.Abort, inst:
# The old code we moved used sys.stderr directly.
# We did not change it to minimise code change.
# This need to be moved to something proper.
# Feel free to do it.
if getattr(inst, 'duringunbundle2', False):
bundler = bundle2.bundle20(repo.ui)
manargs = [('message', str(inst))]
advargs = []
if inst.hint is not None:
advargs.append(('hint', inst.hint))
bundler.addpart(bundle2.bundlepart('b2x:error:abort',
manargs, advargs))
return streamres(bundler.getchunks())
else:
sys.stderr.write("abort: %s\n" % inst)
return pushres(0)
except error.PushRaced, exc:
if getattr(exc, 'duringunbundle2', False):
bundler = bundle2.bundle20(repo.ui)
bundler.newpart('b2x:error:pushraced', [('message', str(exc))])
return streamres(bundler.getchunks())
else:
return pusherr(str(exc))