Mercurial > hg

Short help:

  $ hg
  Mercurial Distributed SCM

  basic commands:

   add           add the specified files on the next commit
   annotate      show changeset information by line for each file
   clone         make a copy of an existing repository
   commit        commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
   diff          diff repository (or selected files)
   export        dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
   forget        forget the specified files on the next commit
   init          create a new repository in the given directory
   log           show revision history of entire repository or files
   merge         merge another revision into working directory
   pull          pull changes from the specified source
   push          push changes to the specified destination
   remove        remove the specified files on the next commit
   serve         start stand-alone webserver
   status        show changed files in the working directory
   summary       summarize working directory state
   update        update working directory (or switch revisions)

  (use 'hg help' for the full list of commands or 'hg -v' for details)

  $ hg -q
   add           add the specified files on the next commit
   annotate      show changeset information by line for each file
   clone         make a copy of an existing repository
   commit        commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
   diff          diff repository (or selected files)
   export        dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
   forget        forget the specified files on the next commit
   init          create a new repository in the given directory
   log           show revision history of entire repository or files
   merge         merge another revision into working directory
   pull          pull changes from the specified source
   push          push changes to the specified destination
   remove        remove the specified files on the next commit
   serve         start stand-alone webserver
   status        show changed files in the working directory
   summary       summarize working directory state
   update        update working directory (or switch revisions)

Extra extensions will be printed in help output in a non-reliable order since
the extension is unknown.
#if no-extraextensions

  $ hg help
  Mercurial Distributed SCM

  list of commands:

  Repository creation:

   clone         make a copy of an existing repository
   init          create a new repository in the given directory

  Remote repository management:

   incoming      show new changesets found in source
   outgoing      show changesets not found in the destination
   paths         show aliases for remote repositories
   pull          pull changes from the specified source
   push          push changes to the specified destination
   serve         start stand-alone webserver

  Change creation:

   commit        commit the specified files or all outstanding changes

  Change manipulation:

   backout       reverse effect of earlier changeset
   graft         copy changes from other branches onto the current branch
   merge         merge another revision into working directory

  Change organization:

   bookmarks     create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
   branch        set or show the current branch name
   branches      list repository named branches
   phase         set or show the current phase name
   tag           add one or more tags for the current or given revision
   tags          list repository tags

  File content management:

   annotate      show changeset information by line for each file
   cat           output the current or given revision of files
   copy          mark files as copied for the next commit
   diff          diff repository (or selected files)
   grep          search for a pattern in specified files

  Change navigation:

   bisect        subdivision search of changesets
   heads         show branch heads
   identify      identify the working directory or specified revision
   log           show revision history of entire repository or files

  Working directory management:

   add           add the specified files on the next commit
   addremove     add all new files, delete all missing files
   files         list tracked files
   forget        forget the specified files on the next commit
   purge         removes files not tracked by Mercurial
   remove        remove the specified files on the next commit
   rename        rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
   resolve       redo merges or set/view the merge status of files
   revert        restore files to their checkout state
   root          print the root (top) of the current working directory
   shelve        save and set aside changes from the working directory
   status        show changed files in the working directory
   summary       summarize working directory state
   unshelve      restore a shelved change to the working directory
   update        update working directory (or switch revisions)

  Change import/export:

   archive       create an unversioned archive of a repository revision
   bundle        create a bundle file
   export        dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
   import        import an ordered set of patches
   unbundle      apply one or more bundle files

  Repository maintenance:

   manifest      output the current or given revision of the project manifest
   recover       roll back an interrupted transaction
   verify        verify the integrity of the repository

  Help:

   config        show combined config settings from all hgrc files
   help          show help for a given topic or a help overview
   version       output version and copyright information

  additional help topics:

  Mercurial identifiers:

   filesets      Specifying File Sets
   hgignore      Syntax for Mercurial Ignore Files
   patterns      File Name Patterns
   revisions     Specifying Revisions
   urls          URL Paths

  Mercurial output:

   color         Colorizing Outputs
   dates         Date Formats
   diffs         Diff Formats
   templating    Template Usage

  Mercurial configuration:

   config        Configuration Files
   environment   Environment Variables
   extensions    Using Additional Features
   flags         Command-line flags
   hgweb         Configuring hgweb
   merge-tools   Merge Tools
   pager         Pager Support
   rust          Rust in Mercurial

  Concepts:

   bundlespec    Bundle File Formats
   evolution     Safely rewriting history (EXPERIMENTAL)
   glossary      Glossary
   phases        Working with Phases
   subrepos      Subrepositories

  Miscellaneous:

   deprecated    Deprecated Features
   internals     Technical implementation topics
   scripting     Using Mercurial from scripts and automation

  (use 'hg help -v' to show built-in aliases and global options)

  $ hg -q help
  Repository creation:

   clone         make a copy of an existing repository
   init          create a new repository in the given directory

  Remote repository management:

   incoming      show new changesets found in source
   outgoing      show changesets not found in the destination
   paths         show aliases for remote repositories
   pull          pull changes from the specified source
   push          push changes to the specified destination
   serve         start stand-alone webserver

  Change creation:

   commit        commit the specified files or all outstanding changes

  Change manipulation:

   backout       reverse effect of earlier changeset
   graft         copy changes from other branches onto the current branch
   merge         merge another revision into working directory

  Change organization:

   bookmarks     create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
   branch        set or show the current branch name
   branches      list repository named branches
   phase         set or show the current phase name
   tag           add one or more tags for the current or given revision
   tags          list repository tags

  File content management:

   annotate      show changeset information by line for each file
   cat           output the current or given revision of files
   copy          mark files as copied for the next commit
   diff          diff repository (or selected files)
   grep          search for a pattern in specified files

  Change navigation:

   bisect        subdivision search of changesets
   heads         show branch heads
   identify      identify the working directory or specified revision
   log           show revision history of entire repository or files

  Working directory management:

   add           add the specified files on the next commit
   addremove     add all new files, delete all missing files
   files         list tracked files
   forget        forget the specified files on the next commit
   purge         removes files not tracked by Mercurial
   remove        remove the specified files on the next commit
   rename        rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
   resolve       redo merges or set/view the merge status of files
   revert        restore files to their checkout state
   root          print the root (top) of the current working directory
   shelve        save and set aside changes from the working directory
   status        show changed files in the working directory
   summary       summarize working directory state
   unshelve      restore a shelved change to the working directory
   update        update working directory (or switch revisions)

  Change import/export:

   archive       create an unversioned archive of a repository revision
   bundle        create a bundle file
   export        dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
   import        import an ordered set of patches
   unbundle      apply one or more bundle files

  Repository maintenance:

   manifest      output the current or given revision of the project manifest
   recover       roll back an interrupted transaction
   verify        verify the integrity of the repository

  Help:

   config        show combined config settings from all hgrc files
   help          show help for a given topic or a help overview
   version       output version and copyright information

  additional help topics:

  Mercurial identifiers:

   filesets      Specifying File Sets
   hgignore      Syntax for Mercurial Ignore Files
   patterns      File Name Patterns
   revisions     Specifying Revisions
   urls          URL Paths

  Mercurial output:

   color         Colorizing Outputs
   dates         Date Formats
   diffs         Diff Formats
   templating    Template Usage

  Mercurial configuration:

   config        Configuration Files
   environment   Environment Variables
   extensions    Using Additional Features
   flags         Command-line flags
   hgweb         Configuring hgweb
   merge-tools   Merge Tools
   pager         Pager Support
   rust          Rust in Mercurial

  Concepts:

   bundlespec    Bundle File Formats
   evolution     Safely rewriting history (EXPERIMENTAL)
   glossary      Glossary
   phases        Working with Phases
   subrepos      Subrepositories

  Miscellaneous:

   deprecated    Deprecated Features
   internals     Technical implementation topics
   scripting     Using Mercurial from scripts and automation

Test extension help:
  $ hg help extensions --config extensions.rebase= --config extensions.children=
  Using Additional Features
  """""""""""""""""""""""""

      Mercurial has the ability to add new features through the use of
      extensions. Extensions may add new commands, add options to existing
      commands, change the default behavior of commands, or implement hooks.

      To enable the "foo" extension, either shipped with Mercurial or in the
      Python search path, create an entry for it in your configuration file,
      like this:

        [extensions]
        foo =

      You may also specify the full path to an extension:

        [extensions]
        myfeature = ~/.hgext/myfeature.py

      See 'hg help config' for more information on configuration files.

      Extensions are not loaded by default for a variety of reasons: they can
      increase startup overhead; they may be meant for advanced usage only; they
      may provide potentially dangerous abilities (such as letting you destroy
      or modify history); they might not be ready for prime time; or they may
      alter some usual behaviors of stock Mercurial. It is thus up to the user
      to activate extensions as needed.

      To explicitly disable an extension enabled in a configuration file of
      broader scope, prepend its path with !:

        [extensions]
        # disabling extension bar residing in /path/to/extension/bar.py
        bar = !/path/to/extension/bar.py
        # ditto, but no path was supplied for extension baz
        baz = !

      enabled extensions:

       children      command to display child changesets (DEPRECATED)
       rebase        command to move sets of revisions to a different ancestor

      disabled extensions:

       acl           hooks for controlling repository access
       blackbox      log repository events to a blackbox for debugging
       bugzilla      hooks for integrating with the Bugzilla bug tracker
       censor        erase file content at a given revision
       churn         command to display statistics about repository history
       clonebundles  advertise pre-generated bundles to seed clones
       closehead     close arbitrary heads without checking them out first
       convert       import revisions from foreign VCS repositories into
                     Mercurial
       eol           automatically manage newlines in repository files
       extdiff       command to allow external programs to compare revisions
       factotum      http authentication with factotum
       fastexport    export repositories as git fast-import stream
       githelp       try mapping git commands to Mercurial commands
       gpg           commands to sign and verify changesets
       hgk           browse the repository in a graphical way
       highlight     syntax highlighting for hgweb (requires Pygments)
       histedit      interactive history editing
       keyword       expand keywords in tracked files
       largefiles    track large binary files
       mq            manage a stack of patches
       notify        hooks for sending email push notifications
       patchbomb     command to send changesets as (a series of) patch emails
       relink        recreates hardlinks between repository clones
       schemes       extend schemes with shortcuts to repository swarms
       share         share a common history between several working directories
       transplant    command to transplant changesets from another branch
       win32mbcs     allow the use of MBCS paths with problematic encodings
       zeroconf      discover and advertise repositories on the local network

#endif

Verify that deprecated extensions are included if --verbose:

  $ hg -v help extensions | grep children
       children      command to display child changesets (DEPRECATED)

Verify that extension keywords appear in help templates

  $ hg help --config extensions.transplant= templating|grep transplant > /dev/null

Test short command list with verbose option

  $ hg -v help shortlist
  Mercurial Distributed SCM

  basic commands:

   abort         abort an unfinished operation (EXPERIMENTAL)
   add           add the specified files on the next commit
   annotate, blame
                 show changeset information by line for each file
   clone         make a copy of an existing repository
   commit, ci    commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
   continue      resumes an interrupted operation (EXPERIMENTAL)
   diff          diff repository (or selected files)
   export        dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
   forget        forget the specified files on the next commit
   init          create a new repository in the given directory
   log, history  show revision history of entire repository or files
   merge         merge another revision into working directory
   pull          pull changes from the specified source
   push          push changes to the specified destination
   remove, rm    remove the specified files on the next commit
   serve         start stand-alone webserver
   status, st    show changed files in the working directory
   summary, sum  summarize working directory state
   update, up, checkout, co
                 update working directory (or switch revisions)

  global options ([+] can be repeated):

   -R --repository REPO   repository root directory or name of overlay bundle
                          file
      --cwd DIR           change working directory
   -y --noninteractive    do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for
                          all prompts
   -q --quiet             suppress output
   -v --verbose           enable additional output
      --color TYPE        when to colorize (boolean, always, auto, never, or
                          debug)
      --config CONFIG [+] set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')
      --debug             enable debugging output
      --debugger          start debugger
      --encoding ENCODE   set the charset encoding (default: ascii)
      --encodingmode MODE set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)
      --traceback         always print a traceback on exception
      --time              time how long the command takes
      --profile           print command execution profile
      --version           output version information and exit
   -h --help              display help and exit
      --hidden            consider hidden changesets
      --pager TYPE        when to paginate (boolean, always, auto, or never)
                          (default: auto)

  (use 'hg help' for the full list of commands)

  $ hg add -h
  hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  add the specified files on the next commit

      Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the repository.

      The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To undo an
      add before that, see 'hg forget'.

      If no names are given, add all files to the repository (except files
      matching ".hgignore").

      Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.

  options ([+] can be repeated):

   -I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
   -X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
   -S --subrepos            recurse into subrepositories
   -n --dry-run             do not perform actions, just print output

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

Verbose help for add

  $ hg add -hv
  hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  add the specified files on the next commit

      Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the repository.

      The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To undo an
      add before that, see 'hg forget'.

      If no names are given, add all files to the repository (except files
      matching ".hgignore").

      Examples:

        - New (unknown) files are added automatically by 'hg add':

            $ ls
            foo.c
            $ hg status
            ? foo.c
            $ hg add
            adding foo.c
            $ hg status
            A foo.c

        - Specific files to be added can be specified:

            $ ls
            bar.c  foo.c
            $ hg status
            ? bar.c
            ? foo.c
            $ hg add bar.c
            $ hg status
            A bar.c
            ? foo.c

      Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.

  options ([+] can be repeated):

   -I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
   -X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
   -S --subrepos            recurse into subrepositories
   -n --dry-run             do not perform actions, just print output

  global options ([+] can be repeated):

   -R --repository REPO   repository root directory or name of overlay bundle
                          file
      --cwd DIR           change working directory
   -y --noninteractive    do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for
                          all prompts
   -q --quiet             suppress output
   -v --verbose           enable additional output
      --color TYPE        when to colorize (boolean, always, auto, never, or
                          debug)
      --config CONFIG [+] set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')
      --debug             enable debugging output
      --debugger          start debugger
      --encoding ENCODE   set the charset encoding (default: ascii)
      --encodingmode MODE set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)
      --traceback         always print a traceback on exception
      --time              time how long the command takes
      --profile           print command execution profile
      --version           output version information and exit
   -h --help              display help and exit
      --hidden            consider hidden changesets
      --pager TYPE        when to paginate (boolean, always, auto, or never)
                          (default: auto)

Test the textwidth config option

  $ hg root -h  --config ui.textwidth=50
  hg root

  print the root (top) of the current working
  directory

      Print the root directory of the current
      repository.

      Returns 0 on success.

  options:

   -T --template TEMPLATE display with template

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show
  complete help)

Test help option with version option

  $ hg add -h --version
  Mercurial Distributed SCM (version *) (glob)
  (see https://mercurial-scm.org for more information)

  Copyright (C) 2005-* Olivia Mackall and others (glob)
  This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
  warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

  $ hg add --skjdfks
  hg add: option --skjdfks not recognized
  hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  add the specified files on the next commit

  options ([+] can be repeated):

   -I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
   -X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
   -S --subrepos            recurse into subrepositories
   -n --dry-run             do not perform actions, just print output

  (use 'hg add -h' to show more help)
  [10]

Test ambiguous command help

  $ hg help ad
  list of commands:

   add           add the specified files on the next commit
   addremove     add all new files, delete all missing files

  (use 'hg help -v ad' to show built-in aliases and global options)

Test command without options

  $ hg help verify
  hg verify

  verify the integrity of the repository

      Verify the integrity of the current repository.

      This will perform an extensive check of the repository's integrity,
      validating the hashes and checksums of each entry in the changelog,
      manifest, and tracked files, as well as the integrity of their crosslinks
      and indices.

      Please see https://mercurial-scm.org/wiki/RepositoryCorruption for more
      information about recovery from corruption of the repository.

      Returns 0 on success, 1 if errors are encountered.

  options:

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

  $ hg help diff
  hg diff [OPTION]... ([-c REV] | [--from REV1] [--to REV2]) [FILE]...

  diff repository (or selected files)

      Show differences between revisions for the specified files.

      Differences between files are shown using the unified diff format.

      Note:
         'hg diff' may generate unexpected results for merges, as it will
         default to comparing against the working directory's first parent
         changeset if no revisions are specified.

      By default, the working directory files are compared to its first parent.
      To see the differences from another revision, use --from. To see the
      difference to another revision, use --to. For example, 'hg diff --from .^'
      will show the differences from the working copy's grandparent to the
      working copy, 'hg diff --to .' will show the diff from the working copy to
      its parent (i.e. the reverse of the default), and 'hg diff --from 1.0 --to
      1.2' will show the diff between those two revisions.

      Alternatively you can specify -c/--change with a revision to see the
      changes in that changeset relative to its first parent (i.e. 'hg diff -c
      42' is equivalent to 'hg diff --from 42^ --to 42')

      Without the -a/--text option, diff will avoid generating diffs of files it
      detects as binary. With -a, diff will generate a diff anyway, probably
      with undesirable results.

      Use the -g/--git option to generate diffs in the git extended diff format.
      For more information, read 'hg help diffs'.

      Returns 0 on success.

  options ([+] can be repeated):

      --from REV1           revision to diff from
      --to REV2             revision to diff to
   -c --change REV          change made by revision
   -a --text                treat all files as text
   -g --git                 use git extended diff format
      --binary              generate binary diffs in git mode (default)
      --nodates             omit dates from diff headers
      --noprefix            omit a/ and b/ prefixes from filenames
   -p --show-function       show which function each change is in
      --reverse             produce a diff that undoes the changes
   -w --ignore-all-space    ignore white space when comparing lines
   -b --ignore-space-change ignore changes in the amount of white space
   -B --ignore-blank-lines  ignore changes whose lines are all blank
   -Z --ignore-space-at-eol ignore changes in whitespace at EOL
   -U --unified NUM         number of lines of context to show
      --stat                output diffstat-style summary of changes
      --root DIR            produce diffs relative to subdirectory
   -I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
   -X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
   -S --subrepos            recurse into subrepositories

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

  $ hg help status
  hg status [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  aliases: st

  show changed files in the working directory

      Show status of files in the repository. If names are given, only files
      that match are shown. Files that are clean or ignored or the source of a
      copy/move operation, are not listed unless -c/--clean, -i/--ignored,
      -C/--copies or -A/--all are given. Unless options described with "show
      only ..." are given, the options -mardu are used.

      Option -q/--quiet hides untracked (unknown and ignored) files unless
      explicitly requested with -u/--unknown or -i/--ignored.

      Note:
         'hg status' may appear to disagree with diff if permissions have
         changed or a merge has occurred. The standard diff format does not
         report permission changes and diff only reports changes relative to one
         merge parent.

      If one revision is given, it is used as the base revision. If two
      revisions are given, the differences between them are shown. The --change
      option can also be used as a shortcut to list the changed files of a
      revision from its first parent.

      The codes used to show the status of files are:

        M = modified
        A = added
        R = removed
        C = clean
        ! = missing (deleted by non-hg command, but still tracked)
        ? = not tracked
        I = ignored
          = origin of the previous file (with --copies)

      Returns 0 on success.

  options ([+] can be repeated):

   -A --all                 show status of all files
   -m --modified            show only modified files
   -a --added               show only added files
   -r --removed             show only removed files
   -d --deleted             show only missing files
   -c --clean               show only files without changes
   -u --unknown             show only unknown (not tracked) files
   -i --ignored             show only ignored files
   -n --no-status           hide status prefix
   -C --copies              show source of copied files
   -0 --print0              end filenames with NUL, for use with xargs
      --rev REV [+]         show difference from revision
      --change REV          list the changed files of a revision
   -I --include PATTERN [+] include names matching the given patterns
   -X --exclude PATTERN [+] exclude names matching the given patterns
   -S --subrepos            recurse into subrepositories
   -T --template TEMPLATE   display with template

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

  $ hg -q help status
  hg status [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  show changed files in the working directory

  $ hg help foo
  abort: no such help topic: foo
  (try 'hg help --keyword foo')
  [10]

  $ hg skjdfks
  hg: unknown command 'skjdfks'
  (use 'hg help' for a list of commands)
  [10]

Typoed command gives suggestion
  $ hg puls
  hg: unknown command 'puls'
  (did you mean one of pull, push?)
  [10]

Not enabled extension gets suggested

  $ hg rebase
  hg: unknown command 'rebase'
  'rebase' is provided by the following extension:

      rebase        command to move sets of revisions to a different ancestor

  (use 'hg help extensions' for information on enabling extensions)
  [10]

Disabled extension gets suggested
  $ hg --config extensions.rebase=! rebase
  hg: unknown command 'rebase'
  'rebase' is provided by the following extension:

      rebase        command to move sets of revisions to a different ancestor

  (use 'hg help extensions' for information on enabling extensions)
  [10]

Checking that help adapts based on the config:

  $ hg help diff --config ui.tweakdefaults=true | egrep -e '^ *(-g|config)'
   -g --[no-]git            use git extended diff format (default: on from
                            config)

Make sure that we don't run afoul of the help system thinking that
this is a section and erroring out weirdly.

  $ hg .log
  hg: unknown command '.log'
  (did you mean log?)
  [10]

  $ hg log.
  hg: unknown command 'log.'
  (did you mean log?)
  [10]
  $ hg pu.lh
  hg: unknown command 'pu.lh'
  (did you mean one of pull, push?)
  [10]

  $ cat > helpext.py <<EOF
  > import os
  > from mercurial import commands, fancyopts, registrar
  >
  > def func(arg):
  >     return '%sfoo' % arg
  > class customopt(fancyopts.customopt):
  >     def newstate(self, oldstate, newparam, abort):
  >         return '%sbar' % oldstate
  > cmdtable = {}
  > command = registrar.command(cmdtable)
  >
  > @command(b'nohelp',
  >     [(b'', b'longdesc', 3, b'x'*67),
  >     (b'n', b'', None, b'normal desc'),
  >     (b'', b'newline', b'', b'line1\nline2'),
  >     (b'', b'default-off', False, b'enable X'),
  >     (b'', b'default-on', True, b'enable Y'),
  >     (b'', b'callableopt', func, b'adds foo'),
  >     (b'', b'customopt', customopt(''), b'adds bar'),
  >     (b'', b'customopt-withdefault', customopt('foo'), b'adds bar')],
  >     b'hg nohelp',
  >     norepo=True)
  > @command(b'debugoptADV', [(b'', b'aopt', None, b'option is (ADVANCED)')])
  > @command(b'debugoptDEP', [(b'', b'dopt', None, b'option is (DEPRECATED)')])
  > @command(b'debugoptEXP', [(b'', b'eopt', None, b'option is (EXPERIMENTAL)')])
  > def nohelp(ui, *args, **kwargs):
  >     pass
  >
  > @command(b'hashelp', [], b'hg hashelp', norepo=True)
  > def hashelp(ui, *args, **kwargs):
  >     """Extension command's help"""
  >
  > def uisetup(ui):
  >     ui.setconfig(b'alias', b'shellalias', b'!echo hi', b'helpext')
  >     ui.setconfig(b'alias', b'hgalias', b'summary', b'helpext')
  >     ui.setconfig(b'alias', b'hgalias:doc', b'My doc', b'helpext')
  >     ui.setconfig(b'alias', b'hgalias:category', b'navigation', b'helpext')
  >     ui.setconfig(b'alias', b'hgaliasnodoc', b'summary', b'helpext')
  >
  > EOF
  $ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
  $ echo "helpext = `pwd`/helpext.py" >> $HGRCPATH

Test for aliases

  $ hg help | grep hgalias
   hgalias       My doc

  $ hg help hgalias
  hg hgalias [--remote]

  alias for: hg summary

  My doc

  defined by: helpext

  options:

    --remote check for push and pull

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
  $ hg help hgaliasnodoc
  hg hgaliasnodoc [--remote]

  alias for: hg summary

  summarize working directory state

      This generates a brief summary of the working directory state, including
      parents, branch, commit status, phase and available updates.

      With the --remote option, this will check the default paths for incoming
      and outgoing changes. This can be time-consuming.

      Returns 0 on success.

  defined by: helpext

  options:

    --remote check for push and pull

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

  $ hg help shellalias
  hg shellalias

  shell alias for: echo hi

  (no help text available)

  defined by: helpext

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

Test command with no help text

  $ hg help nohelp
  hg nohelp

  (no help text available)

  options:

      --longdesc VALUE
                                    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
                                    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (default: 3)
   -n --                            normal desc
      --newline VALUE               line1 line2
      --default-off                 enable X
      --[no-]default-on             enable Y (default: on)
      --callableopt VALUE           adds foo
      --customopt VALUE             adds bar
      --customopt-withdefault VALUE adds bar (default: foo)

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

Test that default list of commands includes extension commands that have help,
but not those that don't, except in verbose mode, when a keyword is passed, or
when help about the extension is requested.

#if no-extraextensions

  $ hg help | grep hashelp
   hashelp       Extension command's help
  $ hg help | grep nohelp
  [1]
  $ hg help -v | grep nohelp
   nohelp        (no help text available)

  $ hg help -k nohelp
  Commands:

   nohelp hg nohelp

  Extension Commands:

   nohelp (no help text available)

  $ hg help helpext
  helpext extension - no help text available

  list of commands:

   hashelp       Extension command's help
   nohelp        (no help text available)

  (use 'hg help -v helpext' to show built-in aliases and global options)

#endif

Test list of internal help commands

  $ hg help debug
  debug commands (internal and unsupported):

   debug-repair-issue6528
                 find affected revisions and repair them. See issue6528 for more
                 details.
   debugancestor
                 find the ancestor revision of two revisions in a given index
   debugantivirusrunning
                 attempt to trigger an antivirus scanner to see if one is active
   debugapplystreamclonebundle
                 apply a stream clone bundle file
   debugbackupbundle
                 lists the changesets available in backup bundles
   debugbuilddag
                 builds a repo with a given DAG from scratch in the current
                 empty repo
   debugbundle   lists the contents of a bundle
   debugcapabilities
                 lists the capabilities of a remote peer
   debugchangedfiles
                 list the stored files changes for a revision
   debugcheckstate
                 validate the correctness of the current dirstate
   debugcolor    show available color, effects or style
   debugcommands
                 list all available commands and options
   debugcomplete
                 returns the completion list associated with the given command
   debugcreatestreamclonebundle
                 create a stream clone bundle file
   debugdag      format the changelog or an index DAG as a concise textual
                 description
   debugdata     dump the contents of a data file revision
   debugdate     parse and display a date
   debugdeltachain
                 dump information about delta chains in a revlog
   debugdirstate
                 show the contents of the current dirstate
   debugdirstateignorepatternshash
                 show the hash of ignore patterns stored in dirstate if v2,
   debugdiscovery
                 runs the changeset discovery protocol in isolation
   debugdownload
                 download a resource using Mercurial logic and config
   debugextensions
                 show information about active extensions
   debugfileset  parse and apply a fileset specification
   debugformat   display format information about the current repository
   debugfsinfo   show information detected about current filesystem
   debuggetbundle
                 retrieves a bundle from a repo
   debugignore   display the combined ignore pattern and information about
                 ignored files
   debugindex    dump index data for a storage primitive
   debugindexdot
                 dump an index DAG as a graphviz dot file
   debugindexstats
                 show stats related to the changelog index
   debuginstall  test Mercurial installation
   debugknown    test whether node ids are known to a repo
   debuglocks    show or modify state of locks
   debugmanifestfulltextcache
                 show, clear or amend the contents of the manifest fulltext
                 cache
   debugmergestate
                 print merge state
   debugnamecomplete
                 complete "names" - tags, open branch names, bookmark names
   debugnodemap  write and inspect on disk nodemap
   debugobsolete
                 create arbitrary obsolete marker
   debugoptADV   (no help text available)
   debugoptDEP   (no help text available)
   debugoptEXP   (no help text available)
   debugp1copies
                 dump copy information compared to p1
   debugp2copies
                 dump copy information compared to p2
   debugpathcomplete
                 complete part or all of a tracked path
   debugpathcopies
                 show copies between two revisions
   debugpeer     establish a connection to a peer repository
   debugpickmergetool
                 examine which merge tool is chosen for specified file
   debugpushkey  access the pushkey key/value protocol
   debugpvec     (no help text available)
   debugrebuilddirstate
                 rebuild the dirstate as it would look like for the given
                 revision
   debugrebuildfncache
                 rebuild the fncache file
   debugrename   dump rename information
   debugrequires
                 print the current repo requirements
   debugrevlog   show data and statistics about a revlog
   debugrevlogindex
                 dump the contents of a revlog index
   debugrevspec  parse and apply a revision specification
   debugserve    run a server with advanced settings
   debugsetparents
                 manually set the parents of the current working directory
                 (DANGEROUS)
   debugshell    run an interactive Python interpreter
   debugsidedata
                 dump the side data for a cl/manifest/file revision
   debugssl      test a secure connection to a server
   debugstrip    strip changesets and all their descendants from the repository
   debugsub      (no help text available)
   debugsuccessorssets
                 show set of successors for revision
   debugtagscache
                 display the contents of .hg/cache/hgtagsfnodes1
   debugtemplate
                 parse and apply a template
   debuguigetpass
                 show prompt to type password
   debuguiprompt
                 show plain prompt
   debugupdatecaches
                 warm all known caches in the repository
   debugupgraderepo
                 upgrade a repository to use different features
   debugwalk     show how files match on given patterns
   debugwhyunstable
                 explain instabilities of a changeset
   debugwireargs
                 (no help text available)
   debugwireproto
                 send wire protocol commands to a server

  (use 'hg help -v debug' to show built-in aliases and global options)

internals topic renders index of available sub-topics

  $ hg help internals
  Technical implementation topics
  """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

      To access a subtopic, use "hg help internals.{subtopic-name}"

       bid-merge     Bid Merge Algorithm
       bundle2       Bundle2
       bundles       Bundles
       cbor          CBOR
       censor        Censor
       changegroups  Changegroups
       config        Config Registrar
       dirstate-v2   dirstate-v2 file format
       extensions    Extension API
       mergestate    Mergestate
       requirements  Repository Requirements
       revlogs       Revision Logs
       wireprotocol  Wire Protocol
       wireprotocolrpc
                     Wire Protocol RPC
       wireprotocolv2
                     Wire Protocol Version 2

sub-topics can be accessed

  $ hg help internals.changegroups
  Changegroups
  """"""""""""

      Changegroups are representations of repository revlog data, specifically
      the changelog data, root/flat manifest data, treemanifest data, and
      filelogs.

      There are 4 versions of changegroups: "1", "2", "3" and "4". From a high-
      level, versions "1" and "2" are almost exactly the same, with the only
      difference being an additional item in the *delta header*. Version "3"
      adds support for storage flags in the *delta header* and optionally
      exchanging treemanifests (enabled by setting an option on the
      "changegroup" part in the bundle2). Version "4" adds support for
      exchanging sidedata (additional revision metadata not part of the digest).

      Changegroups when not exchanging treemanifests consist of 3 logical
      segments:

        +---------------------------------+
        |           |          |          |
        | changeset | manifest | filelogs |
        |           |          |          |
        |           |          |          |
        +---------------------------------+

      When exchanging treemanifests, there are 4 logical segments:

        +-------------------------------------------------+
        |           |          |               |          |
        | changeset |   root   | treemanifests | filelogs |
        |           | manifest |               |          |
        |           |          |               |          |
        +-------------------------------------------------+

      The principle building block of each segment is a *chunk*. A *chunk* is a
      framed piece of data:

        +---------------------------------------+
        |           |                           |
        |  length   |           data            |
        | (4 bytes) |   (<length - 4> bytes)    |
        |           |                           |
        +---------------------------------------+

      All integers are big-endian signed integers. Each chunk starts with a
      32-bit integer indicating the length of the entire chunk (including the
      length field itself).

      There is a special case chunk that has a value of 0 for the length
      ("0x00000000"). We call this an *empty chunk*.

      Delta Groups
      ============

      A *delta group* expresses the content of a revlog as a series of deltas,
      or patches against previous revisions.

      Delta groups consist of 0 or more *chunks* followed by the *empty chunk*
      to signal the end of the delta group:

        +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
        |                |             |               |             |           |
        | chunk0 length  | chunk0 data | chunk1 length | chunk1 data |    0x0    |
        |   (4 bytes)    |  (various)  |   (4 bytes)   |  (various)  | (4 bytes) |
        |                |             |               |             |           |
        +------------------------------------------------------------------------+

      Each *chunk*'s data consists of the following:

        +---------------------------------------+
        |                        |              |
        |     delta header       |  delta data  |
        |  (various by version)  |  (various)   |
        |                        |              |
        +---------------------------------------+

      The *delta data* is a series of *delta*s that describe a diff from an
      existing entry (either that the recipient already has, or previously
      specified in the bundle/changegroup).

      The *delta header* is different between versions "1", "2", "3" and "4" of
      the changegroup format.

      Version 1 (headerlen=80):

        +------------------------------------------------------+
        |            |             |             |             |
        |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   |  link node  |
        | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |
        |            |             |             |             |
        +------------------------------------------------------+

      Version 2 (headerlen=100):

        +------------------------------------------------------------------+
        |            |             |             |            |            |
        |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   | base node  | link node  |
        | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) |
        |            |             |             |            |            |
        +------------------------------------------------------------------+

      Version 3 (headerlen=102):

        +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
        |            |             |             |            |            |           |
        |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   | base node  | link node  |   flags   |
        | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (2 bytes) |
        |            |             |             |            |            |           |
        +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

      Version 4 (headerlen=103):

        +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
        |            |             |             |            |            |           |          |
        |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   | base node  | link node  |   flags   |  pflags  |
        | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (2 bytes) | (1 byte) |
        |            |             |             |            |            |           |          |
        +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+

      The *delta data* consists of "chunklen - 4 - headerlen" bytes, which
      contain a series of *delta*s, densely packed (no separators). These deltas
      describe a diff from an existing entry (either that the recipient already
      has, or previously specified in the bundle/changegroup). The format is
      described more fully in "hg help internals.bdiff", but briefly:

        +---------------------------------------------------------------+
        |              |            |            |                      |
        | start offset | end offset | new length |        content       |
        |  (4 bytes)   |  (4 bytes) |  (4 bytes) | (<new length> bytes) |
        |              |            |            |                      |
        +---------------------------------------------------------------+

      Please note that the length field in the delta data does *not* include
      itself.

      In version 1, the delta is always applied against the previous node from
      the changegroup or the first parent if this is the first entry in the
      changegroup.

      In version 2 and up, the delta base node is encoded in the entry in the
      changegroup. This allows the delta to be expressed against any parent,
      which can result in smaller deltas and more efficient encoding of data.

      The *flags* field holds bitwise flags affecting the processing of revision
      data. The following flags are defined:

      32768
         Censored revision. The revision's fulltext has been replaced by censor
         metadata. May only occur on file revisions.

      16384
         Ellipsis revision. Revision hash does not match data (likely due to
         rewritten parents).

      8192
         Externally stored. The revision fulltext contains "key:value" "\n"
         delimited metadata defining an object stored elsewhere. Used by the LFS
         extension.

      4096
         Contains copy information. This revision changes files in a way that
         could affect copy tracing. This does *not* affect changegroup handling,
         but is relevant for other parts of Mercurial.

      For historical reasons, the integer values are identical to revlog version
      1 per-revision storage flags and correspond to bits being set in this
      2-byte field. Bits were allocated starting from the most-significant bit,
      hence the reverse ordering and allocation of these flags.

      The *pflags* (protocol flags) field holds bitwise flags affecting the
      protocol itself. They are first in the header since they may affect the
      handling of the rest of the fields in a future version. They are defined
      as such:

      1 indicates whether to read a chunk of sidedata (of variable length) right
        after the revision flags.

      Changeset Segment
      =================

      The *changeset segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding
      changelog data. The *empty chunk* at the end of the *delta group* denotes
      the boundary to the *manifest segment*.

      Manifest Segment
      ================

      The *manifest segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding manifest
      data. If treemanifests are in use, it contains only the manifest for the
      root directory of the repository. Otherwise, it contains the entire
      manifest data. The *empty chunk* at the end of the *delta group* denotes
      the boundary to the next segment (either the *treemanifests segment* or
      the *filelogs segment*, depending on version and the request options).

      Treemanifests Segment
      ---------------------

      The *treemanifests segment* only exists in changegroup version "3" and
      "4", and only if the 'treemanifest' param is part of the bundle2
      changegroup part (it is not possible to use changegroup version 3 or 4
      outside of bundle2). Aside from the filenames in the *treemanifests
      segment* containing a trailing "/" character, it behaves identically to
      the *filelogs segment* (see below). The final sub-segment is followed by
      an *empty chunk* (logically, a sub-segment with filename size 0). This
      denotes the boundary to the *filelogs segment*.

      Filelogs Segment
      ================

      The *filelogs segment* consists of multiple sub-segments, each
      corresponding to an individual file whose data is being described:

        +--------------------------------------------------+
        |          |          |          |     |           |
        | filelog0 | filelog1 | filelog2 | ... |    0x0    |
        |          |          |          |     | (4 bytes) |
        |          |          |          |     |           |
        +--------------------------------------------------+

      The final filelog sub-segment is followed by an *empty chunk* (logically,
      a sub-segment with filename size 0). This denotes the end of the segment
      and of the overall changegroup.

      Each filelog sub-segment consists of the following:

        +------------------------------------------------------+
        |                 |                      |             |
        | filename length |       filename       | delta group |
        |    (4 bytes)    | (<length - 4> bytes) |  (various)  |
        |                 |                      |             |
        +------------------------------------------------------+

      That is, a *chunk* consisting of the filename (not terminated or padded)
      followed by N chunks constituting the *delta group* for this file. The
      *empty chunk* at the end of each *delta group* denotes the boundary to the
      next filelog sub-segment.

non-existent subtopics print an error

  $ hg help internals.foo
  abort: no such help topic: internals.foo
  (try 'hg help --keyword foo')
  [10]

test advanced, deprecated and experimental options are hidden in command help
  $ hg help debugoptADV
  hg debugoptADV

  (no help text available)

  options:

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
  $ hg help debugoptDEP
  hg debugoptDEP

  (no help text available)

  options:

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

  $ hg help debugoptEXP
  hg debugoptEXP

  (no help text available)

  options:

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

test advanced, deprecated and experimental options are shown with -v
  $ hg help -v debugoptADV | grep aopt
    --aopt option is (ADVANCED)
  $ hg help -v debugoptDEP | grep dopt
    --dopt option is (DEPRECATED)
  $ hg help -v debugoptEXP | grep eopt
    --eopt option is (EXPERIMENTAL)

#if gettext
test deprecated option is hidden with translation with untranslated description
(use many globy for not failing on changed transaction)
  $ LANGUAGE=sv hg help debugoptDEP
  hg debugoptDEP

  (*) (glob)

  options:

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
#endif

Test commands that collide with topics (issue4240)

  $ hg config -hq
  hg config [-u] [NAME]...

  show combined config settings from all hgrc files
  $ hg showconfig -hq
  hg config [-u] [NAME]...

  show combined config settings from all hgrc files

Test a help topic

  $ hg help dates
  Date Formats
  """"""""""""

      Some commands allow the user to specify a date, e.g.:

      - backout, commit, import, tag: Specify the commit date.
      - log, revert, update: Select revision(s) by date.

      Many date formats are valid. Here are some examples:

      - "Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006" (local timezone assumed)
      - "Dec 6 13:18 -0600" (year assumed, time offset provided)
      - "Dec 6 13:18 UTC" (UTC and GMT are aliases for +0000)
      - "Dec 6" (midnight)
      - "13:18" (today assumed)
      - "3:39" (3:39AM assumed)
      - "3:39pm" (15:39)
      - "2006-12-06 13:18:29" (ISO 8601 format)
      - "2006-12-6 13:18"
      - "2006-12-6"
      - "12-6"
      - "12/6"
      - "12/6/6" (Dec 6 2006)
      - "today" (midnight)
      - "yesterday" (midnight)
      - "now" - right now

      Lastly, there is Mercurial's internal format:

      - "1165411109 0" (Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006 UTC)

      This is the internal representation format for dates. The first number is
      the number of seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC). The second
      is the offset of the local timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative if
      the timezone is east of UTC).

      The log command also accepts date ranges:

      - "<DATE" - at or before a given date/time
      - ">DATE" - on or after a given date/time
      - "DATE to DATE" - a date range, inclusive
      - "-DAYS" - within a given number of days from today

Test repeated config section name

  $ hg help config.host
      "http_proxy.host"
          Host name and (optional) port of the proxy server, for example
          "myproxy:8000".

      "smtp.host"
          Host name of mail server, e.g. "mail.example.com".


Test section name with dot

  $ hg help config.ui.username
      "ui.username"
          The committer of a changeset created when running "commit". Typically
          a person's name and email address, e.g. "Fred Widget
          <fred@example.com>". Environment variables in the username are
          expanded.

          (default: "$EMAIL" or "username@hostname". If the username in hgrc is
          empty, e.g. if the system admin set "username =" in the system hgrc,
          it has to be specified manually or in a different hgrc file)


  $ hg help config.annotate.git
  abort: help section not found: config.annotate.git
  [10]

  $ hg help config.update.check
      "commands.update.check"
          Determines what level of checking 'hg update' will perform before
          moving to a destination revision. Valid values are "abort", "none",
          "linear", and "noconflict".

          - "abort" always fails if the working directory has uncommitted
            changes.
          - "none" performs no checking, and may result in a merge with
            uncommitted changes.
          - "linear" allows any update as long as it follows a straight line in
            the revision history, and may trigger a merge with uncommitted
            changes.
          - "noconflict" will allow any update which would not trigger a merge
            with uncommitted changes, if any are present.

          (default: "linear")


  $ hg help config.commands.update.check
      "commands.update.check"
          Determines what level of checking 'hg update' will perform before
          moving to a destination revision. Valid values are "abort", "none",
          "linear", and "noconflict".

          - "abort" always fails if the working directory has uncommitted
            changes.
          - "none" performs no checking, and may result in a merge with
            uncommitted changes.
          - "linear" allows any update as long as it follows a straight line in
            the revision history, and may trigger a merge with uncommitted
            changes.
          - "noconflict" will allow any update which would not trigger a merge
            with uncommitted changes, if any are present.

          (default: "linear")


  $ hg help config.ommands.update.check
  abort: help section not found: config.ommands.update.check
  [10]

Unrelated trailing paragraphs shouldn't be included

  $ hg help config.extramsg | grep '^$'


Test capitalized section name

  $ hg help scripting.HGPLAIN > /dev/null

Help subsection:

  $ hg help config.charsets |grep "Email example:" > /dev/null
  [1]

Show nested definitions
("profiling.type"[break]"ls"[break]"stat"[break])

  $ hg help config.type | egrep '^$'|wc -l
  \s*3 (re)

  $ hg help config.profiling.type.ls
          "profiling.type.ls"
            Use Python's built-in instrumenting profiler. This profiler works on
            all platforms, but each line number it reports is the first line of
            a function. This restriction makes it difficult to identify the
            expensive parts of a non-trivial function.


Separate sections from subsections

  $ hg help config.format | egrep '^    ("|-)|^\s*$' | uniq
      "format"
      --------

      "usegeneraldelta"

      "dotencode"

      "usefncache"

      "use-dirstate-v2"

      "use-dirstate-tracked-hint"

      "use-persistent-nodemap"

      "use-share-safe"

      "usestore"

      "sparse-revlog"

      "revlog-compression"

      "bookmarks-in-store"

      "profiling"
      -----------

      "format"

      "progress"
      ----------

      "format"


Last item in help config.*:

  $ hg help config.`hg help config|grep '^    "'| \
  >       tail -1|sed 's![ "]*!!g'`| \
  >   grep 'hg help -c config' > /dev/null
  [1]

note to use help -c for general hg help config:

  $ hg help config |grep 'hg help -c config' > /dev/null

Test templating help

  $ hg help templating | egrep '(desc|diffstat|firstline|nonempty)  '
      desc          String. The text of the changeset description.
      diffstat      String. Statistics of changes with the following format:
      firstline     Any text. Returns the first line of text.
      nonempty      Any text. Returns '(none)' if the string is empty.

Test deprecated items

  $ hg help -v templating | grep currentbookmark
      currentbookmark
  $ hg help templating | (grep currentbookmark || true)

Test help hooks

  $ cat > helphook1.py <<EOF
  > from mercurial import help
  >
  > def rewrite(ui, topic, doc):
  >     return doc + b'\nhelphook1\n'
  >
  > def extsetup(ui):
  >     help.addtopichook(b'revisions', rewrite)
  > EOF
  $ cat > helphook2.py <<EOF
  > from mercurial import help
  >
  > def rewrite(ui, topic, doc):
  >     return doc + b'\nhelphook2\n'
  >
  > def extsetup(ui):
  >     help.addtopichook(b'revisions', rewrite)
  > EOF
  $ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
  $ echo "helphook1 = `pwd`/helphook1.py" >> $HGRCPATH
  $ echo "helphook2 = `pwd`/helphook2.py" >> $HGRCPATH
  $ hg help revsets | grep helphook
      helphook1
      helphook2

help -c should only show debug --debug

  $ hg help -c --debug|egrep debug|wc -l|egrep '^\s*0\s*$'
  [1]

help -c should only show deprecated for -v

  $ hg help -c -v|egrep DEPRECATED|wc -l|egrep '^\s*0\s*$'
  [1]

Test -s / --system

  $ hg help config.files -s windows |grep 'etc/mercurial' | \
  > wc -l | sed -e 's/ //g'
  0
  $ hg help config.files --system unix | grep 'USER' | \
  > wc -l | sed -e 's/ //g'
  0

Test -e / -c / -k combinations

  $ hg help -c|egrep '^[A-Z].*:|^ debug'
  Commands:
  $ hg help -e|egrep '^[A-Z].*:|^ debug'
  Extensions:
  $ hg help -k|egrep '^[A-Z].*:|^ debug'
  Topics:
  Commands:
  Extensions:
  Extension Commands:
  $ hg help -c schemes
  abort: no such help topic: schemes
  (try 'hg help --keyword schemes')
  [10]
  $ hg help -e schemes |head -1
  schemes extension - extend schemes with shortcuts to repository swarms
  $ hg help -c -k dates |egrep '^(Topics|Extensions|Commands):'
  Commands:
  $ hg help -e -k a |egrep '^(Topics|Extensions|Commands):'
  Extensions:
  $ hg help -e -c -k date |egrep '^(Topics|Extensions|Commands):'
  Extensions:
  Commands:
  $ hg help -c commit > /dev/null
  $ hg help -e -c commit > /dev/null
  $ hg help -e commit
  abort: no such help topic: commit
  (try 'hg help --keyword commit')
  [10]

Test keyword search help

  $ cat > prefixedname.py <<EOF
  > '''matched against word "clone"
  > '''
  > EOF
  $ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
  $ echo "dot.dot.prefixedname = `pwd`/prefixedname.py" >> $HGRCPATH
  $ hg help -k clone
  Topics:

   config     Configuration Files
   extensions Using Additional Features
   glossary   Glossary
   phases     Working with Phases
   subrepos   Subrepositories
   urls       URL Paths

  Commands:

   bookmarks create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
   clone     make a copy of an existing repository
   paths     show aliases for remote repositories
   pull      pull changes from the specified source
   update    update working directory (or switch revisions)

  Extensions:

   clonebundles advertise pre-generated bundles to seed clones
   narrow       create clones which fetch history data for subset of files
                (EXPERIMENTAL)
   prefixedname matched against word "clone"
   relink       recreates hardlinks between repository clones

  Extension Commands:

   qclone clone main and patch repository at same time

Test unfound topic

  $ hg help nonexistingtopicthatwillneverexisteverever
  abort: no such help topic: nonexistingtopicthatwillneverexisteverever
  (try 'hg help --keyword nonexistingtopicthatwillneverexisteverever')
  [10]

Test unfound keyword

  $ hg help --keyword nonexistingwordthatwillneverexisteverever
  abort: no matches
  (try 'hg help' for a list of topics)
  [10]

Test omit indicating for help

  $ cat > addverboseitems.py <<EOF
  > r'''extension to test omit indicating.
  >
  > This paragraph is never omitted (for extension)
  >
  > .. container:: verbose
  >
  >   This paragraph is omitted,
  >   if :hg:\`help\` is invoked without \`\`-v\`\` (for extension)
  >
  > This paragraph is never omitted, too (for extension)
  > '''
  > from __future__ import absolute_import
  > from mercurial import commands, help
  > testtopic = br"""This paragraph is never omitted (for topic).
  >
  > .. container:: verbose
  >
  >   This paragraph is omitted,
  >   if :hg:\`help\` is invoked without \`\`-v\`\` (for topic)
  >
  > This paragraph is never omitted, too (for topic)
  > """
  > def extsetup(ui):
  >     help.helptable.append(([b"topic-containing-verbose"],
  >                            b"This is the topic to test omit indicating.",
  >                            lambda ui: testtopic))
  > EOF
  $ echo '[extensions]' >> $HGRCPATH
  $ echo "addverboseitems = `pwd`/addverboseitems.py" >> $HGRCPATH
  $ hg help addverboseitems
  addverboseitems extension - extension to test omit indicating.

  This paragraph is never omitted (for extension)

  This paragraph is never omitted, too (for extension)

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)

  no commands defined
  $ hg help -v addverboseitems
  addverboseitems extension - extension to test omit indicating.

  This paragraph is never omitted (for extension)

  This paragraph is omitted, if 'hg help' is invoked without "-v" (for
  extension)

  This paragraph is never omitted, too (for extension)

  no commands defined
  $ hg help topic-containing-verbose
  This is the topic to test omit indicating.
  """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

      This paragraph is never omitted (for topic).

      This paragraph is never omitted, too (for topic)

  (some details hidden, use --verbose to show complete help)
  $ hg help -v topic-containing-verbose
  This is the topic to test omit indicating.
  """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

      This paragraph is never omitted (for topic).

      This paragraph is omitted, if 'hg help' is invoked without "-v" (for
      topic)

      This paragraph is never omitted, too (for topic)

Test section lookup

  $ hg help revset.merge
      "merge()"
        Changeset is a merge changeset.

  $ hg help glossary.dag
      DAG
          The repository of changesets of a distributed version control system
          (DVCS) can be described as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), consisting
          of nodes and edges, where nodes correspond to changesets and edges
          imply a parent -> child relation. This graph can be visualized by
          graphical tools such as 'hg log --graph'. In Mercurial, the DAG is
          limited by the requirement for children to have at most two parents.


  $ hg help hgrc.paths
      "paths"
      -------

      Assigns symbolic names and behavior to repositories.

      Options are symbolic names defining the URL or directory that is the
      location of the repository. Example:

        [paths]
        my_server = https://example.com/my_repo
        local_path = /home/me/repo

      These symbolic names can be used from the command line. To pull from
      "my_server": 'hg pull my_server'. To push to "local_path": 'hg push
      local_path'. You can check 'hg help urls' for details about valid URLs.

      Options containing colons (":") denote sub-options that can influence
      behavior for that specific path. Example:

        [paths]
        my_server = https://example.com/my_path
        my_server:pushurl = ssh://example.com/my_path

      Paths using the 'path://otherpath' scheme will inherit the sub-options
      value from the path they point to.

      The following sub-options can be defined:

      "multi-urls"
         A boolean option. When enabled the value of the '[paths]' entry will be
         parsed as a list and the alias will resolve to multiple destination. If
         some of the list entry use the 'path://' syntax, the suboption will be
         inherited individually.

      "pushurl"
         The URL to use for push operations. If not defined, the location
         defined by the path's main entry is used.

      "pushrev"
         A revset defining which revisions to push by default.

         When 'hg push' is executed without a "-r" argument, the revset defined
         by this sub-option is evaluated to determine what to push.

         For example, a value of "." will push the working directory's revision
         by default.

         Revsets specifying bookmarks will not result in the bookmark being
         pushed.

      "bookmarks.mode"
        How bookmark will be dealt during the exchange. It support the following
        value

        - "default": the default behavior, local and remote bookmarks are
          "merged" on push/pull.
        - "mirror": when pulling, replace local bookmarks by remote bookmarks.
          This is useful to replicate a repository, or as an optimization.
        - "ignore": ignore bookmarks during exchange. (This currently only
          affect pulling)

      The following special named paths exist:

      "default"
         The URL or directory to use when no source or remote is specified.

         'hg clone' will automatically define this path to the location the
         repository was cloned from.

      "default-push"
         (deprecated) The URL or directory for the default 'hg push' location.
         "default:pushurl" should be used instead.

  $ hg help glossary.mcguffin
  abort: help section not found: glossary.mcguffin
  [10]

  $ hg help glossary.mc.guffin
  abort: help section not found: glossary.mc.guffin
  [10]

  $ hg help template.files
      files         List of strings. All files modified, added, or removed by
                    this changeset.
      files(pattern)
                    All files of the current changeset matching the pattern. See
                    'hg help patterns'.

Test section lookup by translated message

str.lower() instead of encoding.lower(str) on translated message might
make message meaningless, because some encoding uses 0x41(A) - 0x5a(Z)
as the second or later byte of multi-byte character.

For example, "\x8bL\x98^" (translation of "record" in ja_JP.cp932)
contains 0x4c (L). str.lower() replaces 0x4c(L) by 0x6c(l) and this
replacement makes message meaningless.

This tests that section lookup by translated string isn't broken by
such str.lower().

  $ "$PYTHON" <<EOF
  > def escape(s):
  >     return b''.join(b'\\u%x' % ord(uc) for uc in s.decode('cp932'))
  > # translation of "record" in ja_JP.cp932
  > upper = b"\x8bL\x98^"
  > # str.lower()-ed section name should be treated as different one
  > lower = b"\x8bl\x98^"
  > with open('ambiguous.py', 'wb') as fp:
  >     fp.write(b"""# ambiguous section names in ja_JP.cp932
  > u'''summary of extension
  >
  > %s
  > ----
  >
  > Upper name should show only this message
  >
  > %s
  > ----
  >
  > Lower name should show only this message
  >
  > subsequent section
  > ------------------
  >
  > This should be hidden at 'hg help ambiguous' with section name.
  > '''
  > """ % (escape(upper), escape(lower)))
  > EOF

  $ cat >> $HGRCPATH <<EOF
  > [extensions]
  > ambiguous = ./ambiguous.py
  > EOF

  $ "$PYTHON" <<EOF | sh
  > from mercurial.utils import procutil
  > upper = b"\x8bL\x98^"
  > procutil.stdout.write(b"hg --encoding cp932 help -e ambiguous.%s\n" % upper)
  > EOF
  \x8bL\x98^ (esc)
  ----

  Upper name should show only this message


  $ "$PYTHON" <<EOF | sh
  > from mercurial.utils import procutil
  > lower = b"\x8bl\x98^"
  > procutil.stdout.write(b"hg --encoding cp932 help -e ambiguous.%s\n" % lower)
  > EOF
  \x8bl\x98^ (esc)
  ----

  Lower name should show only this message


  $ cat >> $HGRCPATH <<EOF
  > [extensions]
  > ambiguous = !
  > EOF

Show help content of disabled extensions

  $ cat >> $HGRCPATH <<EOF
  > [extensions]
  > ambiguous = !./ambiguous.py
  > EOF
  $ hg help -e ambiguous
  ambiguous extension - (no help text available)

  (use 'hg help extensions' for information on enabling extensions)

Test dynamic list of merge tools only shows up once
  $ hg help merge-tools
  Merge Tools
  """""""""""

      To merge files Mercurial uses merge tools.

      A merge tool combines two different versions of a file into a merged file.
      Merge tools are given the two files and the greatest common ancestor of
      the two file versions, so they can determine the changes made on both
      branches.

      Merge tools are used both for 'hg resolve', 'hg merge', 'hg update', 'hg
      backout' and in several extensions.

      Usually, the merge tool tries to automatically reconcile the files by
      combining all non-overlapping changes that occurred separately in the two
      different evolutions of the same initial base file. Furthermore, some
      interactive merge programs make it easier to manually resolve conflicting
      merges, either in a graphical way, or by inserting some conflict markers.
      Mercurial does not include any interactive merge programs but relies on
      external tools for that.

      Available merge tools
      =====================

      External merge tools and their properties are configured in the merge-
      tools configuration section - see hgrc(5) - but they can often just be
      named by their executable.

      A merge tool is generally usable if its executable can be found on the
      system and if it can handle the merge. The executable is found if it is an
      absolute or relative executable path or the name of an application in the
      executable search path. The tool is assumed to be able to handle the merge
      if it can handle symlinks if the file is a symlink, if it can handle
      binary files if the file is binary, and if a GUI is available if the tool
      requires a GUI.

      There are some internal merge tools which can be used. The internal merge
      tools are:

      ":dump"
        Creates three versions of the files to merge, containing the contents of
        local, other and base. These files can then be used to perform a merge
        manually. If the file to be merged is named "a.txt", these files will
        accordingly be named "a.txt.local", "a.txt.other" and "a.txt.base" and
        they will be placed in the same directory as "a.txt".

        This implies premerge. Therefore, files aren't dumped, if premerge runs
        successfully. Use :forcedump to forcibly write files out.

        (actual capabilities: binary, symlink)

      ":fail"
        Rather than attempting to merge files that were modified on both
        branches, it marks them as unresolved. The resolve command must be used
        to resolve these conflicts.

        (actual capabilities: binary, symlink)

      ":forcedump"
        Creates three versions of the files as same as :dump, but omits
        premerge.

        (actual capabilities: binary, symlink)

      ":local"
        Uses the local 'p1()' version of files as the merged version.

        (actual capabilities: binary, symlink)

      ":merge"
        Uses the internal non-interactive simple merge algorithm for merging
        files. It will fail if there are any conflicts and leave markers in the
        partially merged file. Markers will have two sections, one for each side
        of merge.

      ":merge-local"
        Like :merge, but resolve all conflicts non-interactively in favor of the
        local 'p1()' changes.

      ":merge-other"
        Like :merge, but resolve all conflicts non-interactively in favor of the
        other 'p2()' changes.

      ":merge3"
        Uses the internal non-interactive simple merge algorithm for merging
        files. It will fail if there are any conflicts and leave markers in the
        partially merged file. Marker will have three sections, one from each
        side of the merge and one for the base content.

      ":mergediff"
        Uses the internal non-interactive simple merge algorithm for merging
        files. It will fail if there are any conflicts and leave markers in the
        partially merged file. The marker will have two sections, one with the
        content from one side of the merge, and one with a diff from the base
        content to the content on the other side. (experimental)

      ":other"
        Uses the other 'p2()' version of files as the merged version.

        (actual capabilities: binary, symlink)

      ":prompt"
        Asks the user which of the local 'p1()' or the other 'p2()' version to
        keep as the merged version.

        (actual capabilities: binary, symlink)

      ":tagmerge"
        Uses the internal tag merge algorithm (experimental).

      ":union"
        Uses the internal non-interactive simple merge algorithm for merging
        files. It will use both left and right sides for conflict regions. No
        markers are inserted.

      Internal tools are always available and do not require a GUI but will by
      default not handle symlinks or binary files. See next section for detail
      about "actual capabilities" described above.

      Choosing a merge tool
      =====================

      Mercurial uses these rules when deciding which merge tool to use:

      1. If a tool has been specified with the --tool option to merge or
         resolve, it is used.  If it is the name of a tool in the merge-tools
         configuration, its configuration is used. Otherwise the specified tool
         must be executable by the shell.
      2. If the "HGMERGE" environment variable is present, its value is used and
         must be executable by the shell.
      3. If the filename of the file to be merged matches any of the patterns in
         the merge-patterns configuration section, the first usable merge tool
         corresponding to a matching pattern is used.
      4. If ui.merge is set it will be considered next. If the value is not the
         name of a configured tool, the specified value is used and must be
         executable by the shell. Otherwise the named tool is used if it is
         usable.
      5. If any usable merge tools are present in the merge-tools configuration
         section, the one with the highest priority is used.
      6. If a program named "hgmerge" can be found on the system, it is used -
         but it will by default not be used for symlinks and binary files.
      7. If the file to be merged is not binary and is not a symlink, then
         internal ":merge" is used.
      8. Otherwise, ":prompt" is used.

      For historical reason, Mercurial treats merge tools as below while
      examining rules above.

      step specified via  binary symlink
      ----------------------------------
      1.   --tool         o/o    o/o
      2.   HGMERGE        o/o    o/o
      3.   merge-patterns o/o(*) x/?(*)
      4.   ui.merge       x/?(*) x/?(*)

      Each capability column indicates Mercurial behavior for internal/external
      merge tools at examining each rule.

      - "o": "assume that a tool has capability"
      - "x": "assume that a tool does not have capability"
      - "?": "check actual capability of a tool"

      If "merge.strict-capability-check" configuration is true, Mercurial checks
      capabilities of merge tools strictly in (*) cases above (= each capability
      column becomes "?/?"). It is false by default for backward compatibility.

      Note:
         After selecting a merge program, Mercurial will by default attempt to
         merge the files using a simple merge algorithm first. Only if it
         doesn't succeed because of conflicting changes will Mercurial actually
         execute the merge program. Whether to use the simple merge algorithm
         first can be controlled by the premerge setting of the merge tool.
         Premerge is enabled by default unless the file is binary or a symlink.

      See the merge-tools and ui sections of hgrc(5) for details on the
      configuration of merge tools.

Compression engines listed in `hg help bundlespec`

  $ hg help bundlespec | grep gzip
          "v1" bundles can only use the "gzip", "bzip2", and "none" compression
        An algorithm that produces smaller bundles than "gzip".
        This engine will likely produce smaller bundles than "gzip" but will be
      "gzip"
        better compression than "gzip". It also frequently yields better (?)

Test usage of section marks in help documents

  $ cd "$TESTDIR"/../doc
  $ "$PYTHON" check-seclevel.py
  $ cd $TESTTMP

#if serve

Test the help pages in hgweb.

Dish up an empty repo; serve it cold.

  $ hg init "$TESTTMP/test"
  $ hg serve -R "$TESTTMP/test" -n test -p $HGPORT -d --pid-file=hg.pid
  $ cat hg.pid >> $DAEMON_PIDS

  $ get-with-headers.py $LOCALIP:$HGPORT "help"
  200 Script output follows

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>Help: Index</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
  <li class="active">help</li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>

  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>
  <table class="bigtable">
  <tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="topics" href="#topics">Topics</a></h2></td></tr>

  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/bundlespec">
  bundlespec
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Bundle File Formats
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/color">
  color
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Colorizing Outputs
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/config">
  config
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Configuration Files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/dates">
  dates
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Date Formats
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/deprecated">
  deprecated
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Deprecated Features
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/diffs">
  diffs
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Diff Formats
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/environment">
  environment
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Environment Variables
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/evolution">
  evolution
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Safely rewriting history (EXPERIMENTAL)
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/extensions">
  extensions
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Using Additional Features
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/filesets">
  filesets
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Specifying File Sets
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/flags">
  flags
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Command-line flags
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/glossary">
  glossary
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Glossary
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/hgignore">
  hgignore
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Syntax for Mercurial Ignore Files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/hgweb">
  hgweb
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Configuring hgweb
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals">
  internals
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Technical implementation topics
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/merge-tools">
  merge-tools
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Merge Tools
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/pager">
  pager
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Pager Support
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/patterns">
  patterns
  </a>
  </td><td>
  File Name Patterns
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/phases">
  phases
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Working with Phases
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/revisions">
  revisions
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Specifying Revisions
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/rust">
  rust
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Rust in Mercurial
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/scripting">
  scripting
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Using Mercurial from scripts and automation
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/subrepos">
  subrepos
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Subrepositories
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/templating">
  templating
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Template Usage
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/urls">
  urls
  </a>
  </td><td>
  URL Paths
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/topic-containing-verbose">
  topic-containing-verbose
  </a>
  </td><td>
  This is the topic to test omit indicating.
  </td></tr>


  <tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="main" href="#main">Main Commands</a></h2></td></tr>

  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/abort">
  abort
  </a>
  </td><td>
  abort an unfinished operation (EXPERIMENTAL)
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/add">
  add
  </a>
  </td><td>
  add the specified files on the next commit
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/annotate">
  annotate
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show changeset information by line for each file
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/clone">
  clone
  </a>
  </td><td>
  make a copy of an existing repository
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/commit">
  commit
  </a>
  </td><td>
  commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/continue">
  continue
  </a>
  </td><td>
  resumes an interrupted operation (EXPERIMENTAL)
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/diff">
  diff
  </a>
  </td><td>
  diff repository (or selected files)
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/export">
  export
  </a>
  </td><td>
  dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/forget">
  forget
  </a>
  </td><td>
  forget the specified files on the next commit
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/init">
  init
  </a>
  </td><td>
  create a new repository in the given directory
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/log">
  log
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show revision history of entire repository or files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/merge">
  merge
  </a>
  </td><td>
  merge another revision into working directory
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/pull">
  pull
  </a>
  </td><td>
  pull changes from the specified source
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/push">
  push
  </a>
  </td><td>
  push changes to the specified destination
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/remove">
  remove
  </a>
  </td><td>
  remove the specified files on the next commit
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/serve">
  serve
  </a>
  </td><td>
  start stand-alone webserver
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/status">
  status
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show changed files in the working directory
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/summary">
  summary
  </a>
  </td><td>
  summarize working directory state
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/update">
  update
  </a>
  </td><td>
  update working directory (or switch revisions)
  </td></tr>


  <tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="other" href="#other">Other Commands</a></h2></td></tr>

  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/addremove">
  addremove
  </a>
  </td><td>
  add all new files, delete all missing files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/archive">
  archive
  </a>
  </td><td>
  create an unversioned archive of a repository revision
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/backout">
  backout
  </a>
  </td><td>
  reverse effect of earlier changeset
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/bisect">
  bisect
  </a>
  </td><td>
  subdivision search of changesets
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/bookmarks">
  bookmarks
  </a>
  </td><td>
  create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/branch">
  branch
  </a>
  </td><td>
  set or show the current branch name
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/branches">
  branches
  </a>
  </td><td>
  list repository named branches
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/bundle">
  bundle
  </a>
  </td><td>
  create a bundle file
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/cat">
  cat
  </a>
  </td><td>
  output the current or given revision of files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/config">
  config
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show combined config settings from all hgrc files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/copy">
  copy
  </a>
  </td><td>
  mark files as copied for the next commit
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/files">
  files
  </a>
  </td><td>
  list tracked files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/graft">
  graft
  </a>
  </td><td>
  copy changes from other branches onto the current branch
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/grep">
  grep
  </a>
  </td><td>
  search for a pattern in specified files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/hashelp">
  hashelp
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Extension command's help
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/heads">
  heads
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show branch heads
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/help">
  help
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show help for a given topic or a help overview
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/hgalias">
  hgalias
  </a>
  </td><td>
  My doc
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/hgaliasnodoc">
  hgaliasnodoc
  </a>
  </td><td>
  summarize working directory state
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/identify">
  identify
  </a>
  </td><td>
  identify the working directory or specified revision
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/import">
  import
  </a>
  </td><td>
  import an ordered set of patches
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/incoming">
  incoming
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show new changesets found in source
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/manifest">
  manifest
  </a>
  </td><td>
  output the current or given revision of the project manifest
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/nohelp">
  nohelp
  </a>
  </td><td>
  (no help text available)
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/outgoing">
  outgoing
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show changesets not found in the destination
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/paths">
  paths
  </a>
  </td><td>
  show aliases for remote repositories
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/phase">
  phase
  </a>
  </td><td>
  set or show the current phase name
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/purge">
  purge
  </a>
  </td><td>
  removes files not tracked by Mercurial
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/recover">
  recover
  </a>
  </td><td>
  roll back an interrupted transaction
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/rename">
  rename
  </a>
  </td><td>
  rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/resolve">
  resolve
  </a>
  </td><td>
  redo merges or set/view the merge status of files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/revert">
  revert
  </a>
  </td><td>
  restore files to their checkout state
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/root">
  root
  </a>
  </td><td>
  print the root (top) of the current working directory
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/shellalias">
  shellalias
  </a>
  </td><td>
  (no help text available)
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/shelve">
  shelve
  </a>
  </td><td>
  save and set aside changes from the working directory
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/tag">
  tag
  </a>
  </td><td>
  add one or more tags for the current or given revision
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/tags">
  tags
  </a>
  </td><td>
  list repository tags
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/unbundle">
  unbundle
  </a>
  </td><td>
  apply one or more bundle files
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/unshelve">
  unshelve
  </a>
  </td><td>
  restore a shelved change to the working directory
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/verify">
  verify
  </a>
  </td><td>
  verify the integrity of the repository
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/version">
  version
  </a>
  </td><td>
  output version and copyright information
  </td></tr>


  </table>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>


  $ get-with-headers.py $LOCALIP:$HGPORT "help/add"
  200 Script output follows

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>Help: add</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
   <li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
  <h3>Help: add</h3>

  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>
  <div id="doc">
  <p>
  hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...
  </p>
  <p>
  add the specified files on the next commit
  </p>
  <p>
  Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the
  repository.
  </p>
  <p>
  The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To
  undo an add before that, see 'hg forget'.
  </p>
  <p>
  If no names are given, add all files to the repository (except
  files matching &quot;.hgignore&quot;).
  </p>
  <p>
  Examples:
  </p>
  <ul>
   <li> New (unknown) files are added   automatically by 'hg add':
  <pre>
  \$ ls (re)
  foo.c
  \$ hg status (re)
  ? foo.c
  \$ hg add (re)
  adding foo.c
  \$ hg status (re)
  A foo.c
  </pre>
   <li> Specific files to be added can be specified:
  <pre>
  \$ ls (re)
  bar.c  foo.c
  \$ hg status (re)
  ? bar.c
  ? foo.c
  \$ hg add bar.c (re)
  \$ hg status (re)
  A bar.c
  ? foo.c
  </pre>
  </ul>
  <p>
  Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.
  </p>
  <p>
  options ([+] can be repeated):
  </p>
  <table>
  <tr><td>-I</td>
  <td>--include PATTERN [+]</td>
  <td>include names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-X</td>
  <td>--exclude PATTERN [+]</td>
  <td>exclude names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-S</td>
  <td>--subrepos</td>
  <td>recurse into subrepositories</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-n</td>
  <td>--dry-run</td>
  <td>do not perform actions, just print output</td></tr>
  </table>
  <p>
  global options ([+] can be repeated):
  </p>
  <table>
  <tr><td>-R</td>
  <td>--repository REPO</td>
  <td>repository root directory or name of overlay bundle file</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--cwd DIR</td>
  <td>change working directory</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-y</td>
  <td>--noninteractive</td>
  <td>do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for all prompts</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-q</td>
  <td>--quiet</td>
  <td>suppress output</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-v</td>
  <td>--verbose</td>
  <td>enable additional output</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--color TYPE</td>
  <td>when to colorize (boolean, always, auto, never, or debug)</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--config CONFIG [+]</td>
  <td>set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--debug</td>
  <td>enable debugging output</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--debugger</td>
  <td>start debugger</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--encoding ENCODE</td>
  <td>set the charset encoding (default: ascii)</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--encodingmode MODE</td>
  <td>set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--traceback</td>
  <td>always print a traceback on exception</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--time</td>
  <td>time how long the command takes</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--profile</td>
  <td>print command execution profile</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--version</td>
  <td>output version information and exit</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-h</td>
  <td>--help</td>
  <td>display help and exit</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--hidden</td>
  <td>consider hidden changesets</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--pager TYPE</td>
  <td>when to paginate (boolean, always, auto, or never) (default: auto)</td></tr>
  </table>

  </div>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>


  $ get-with-headers.py $LOCALIP:$HGPORT "help/remove"
  200 Script output follows

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>Help: remove</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
   <li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
  <h3>Help: remove</h3>

  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>
  <div id="doc">
  <p>
  hg remove [OPTION]... FILE...
  </p>
  <p>
  aliases: rm
  </p>
  <p>
  remove the specified files on the next commit
  </p>
  <p>
  Schedule the indicated files for removal from the current branch.
  </p>
  <p>
  This command schedules the files to be removed at the next commit.
  To undo a remove before that, see 'hg revert'. To undo added
  files, see 'hg forget'.
  </p>
  <p>
  -A/--after can be used to remove only files that have already
  been deleted, -f/--force can be used to force deletion, and -Af
  can be used to remove files from the next revision without
  deleting them from the working directory.
  </p>
  <p>
  The following table details the behavior of remove for different
  file states (columns) and option combinations (rows). The file
  states are Added [A], Clean [C], Modified [M] and Missing [!]
  (as reported by 'hg status'). The actions are Warn, Remove
  (from branch) and Delete (from disk):
  </p>
  <table>
  <tr><td>opt/state</td>
  <td>A</td>
  <td>C</td>
  <td>M</td>
  <td>!</td></tr>
  <tr><td>none</td>
  <td>W</td>
  <td>RD</td>
  <td>W</td>
  <td>R</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-f</td>
  <td>R</td>
  <td>RD</td>
  <td>RD</td>
  <td>R</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-A</td>
  <td>W</td>
  <td>W</td>
  <td>W</td>
  <td>R</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-Af</td>
  <td>R</td>
  <td>R</td>
  <td>R</td>
  <td>R</td></tr>
  </table>
  <p>
  <b>Note:</b>
  </p>
  <p>
  'hg remove' never deletes files in Added [A] state from the
  working directory, not even if &quot;--force&quot; is specified.
  </p>
  <p>
  Returns 0 on success, 1 if any warnings encountered.
  </p>
  <p>
  options ([+] can be repeated):
  </p>
  <table>
  <tr><td>-A</td>
  <td>--after</td>
  <td>record delete for missing files</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-f</td>
  <td>--force</td>
  <td>forget added files, delete modified files</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-S</td>
  <td>--subrepos</td>
  <td>recurse into subrepositories</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-I</td>
  <td>--include PATTERN [+]</td>
  <td>include names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-X</td>
  <td>--exclude PATTERN [+]</td>
  <td>exclude names matching the given patterns</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-n</td>
  <td>--dry-run</td>
  <td>do not perform actions, just print output</td></tr>
  </table>
  <p>
  global options ([+] can be repeated):
  </p>
  <table>
  <tr><td>-R</td>
  <td>--repository REPO</td>
  <td>repository root directory or name of overlay bundle file</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--cwd DIR</td>
  <td>change working directory</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-y</td>
  <td>--noninteractive</td>
  <td>do not prompt, automatically pick the first choice for all prompts</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-q</td>
  <td>--quiet</td>
  <td>suppress output</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-v</td>
  <td>--verbose</td>
  <td>enable additional output</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--color TYPE</td>
  <td>when to colorize (boolean, always, auto, never, or debug)</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--config CONFIG [+]</td>
  <td>set/override config option (use 'section.name=value')</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--debug</td>
  <td>enable debugging output</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--debugger</td>
  <td>start debugger</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--encoding ENCODE</td>
  <td>set the charset encoding (default: ascii)</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--encodingmode MODE</td>
  <td>set the charset encoding mode (default: strict)</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--traceback</td>
  <td>always print a traceback on exception</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--time</td>
  <td>time how long the command takes</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--profile</td>
  <td>print command execution profile</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--version</td>
  <td>output version information and exit</td></tr>
  <tr><td>-h</td>
  <td>--help</td>
  <td>display help and exit</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--hidden</td>
  <td>consider hidden changesets</td></tr>
  <tr><td></td>
  <td>--pager TYPE</td>
  <td>when to paginate (boolean, always, auto, or never) (default: auto)</td></tr>
  </table>

  </div>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>


  $ get-with-headers.py $LOCALIP:$HGPORT "help/dates"
  200 Script output follows

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>Help: dates</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
   <li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
  <h3>Help: dates</h3>

  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>
  <div id="doc">
  <h1>Date Formats</h1>
  <p>
  Some commands allow the user to specify a date, e.g.:
  </p>
  <ul>
   <li> backout, commit, import, tag: Specify the commit date.
   <li> log, revert, update: Select revision(s) by date.
  </ul>
  <p>
  Many date formats are valid. Here are some examples:
  </p>
  <ul>
   <li> &quot;Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006&quot; (local timezone assumed)
   <li> &quot;Dec 6 13:18 -0600&quot; (year assumed, time offset provided)
   <li> &quot;Dec 6 13:18 UTC&quot; (UTC and GMT are aliases for +0000)
   <li> &quot;Dec 6&quot; (midnight)
   <li> &quot;13:18&quot; (today assumed)
   <li> &quot;3:39&quot; (3:39AM assumed)
   <li> &quot;3:39pm&quot; (15:39)
   <li> &quot;2006-12-06 13:18:29&quot; (ISO 8601 format)
   <li> &quot;2006-12-6 13:18&quot;
   <li> &quot;2006-12-6&quot;
   <li> &quot;12-6&quot;
   <li> &quot;12/6&quot;
   <li> &quot;12/6/6&quot; (Dec 6 2006)
   <li> &quot;today&quot; (midnight)
   <li> &quot;yesterday&quot; (midnight)
   <li> &quot;now&quot; - right now
  </ul>
  <p>
  Lastly, there is Mercurial's internal format:
  </p>
  <ul>
   <li> &quot;1165411109 0&quot; (Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006 UTC)
  </ul>
  <p>
  This is the internal representation format for dates. The first number
  is the number of seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC). The
  second is the offset of the local timezone, in seconds west of UTC
  (negative if the timezone is east of UTC).
  </p>
  <p>
  The log command also accepts date ranges:
  </p>
  <ul>
   <li> &quot;&lt;DATE&quot; - at or before a given date/time
   <li> &quot;&gt;DATE&quot; - on or after a given date/time
   <li> &quot;DATE to DATE&quot; - a date range, inclusive
   <li> &quot;-DAYS&quot; - within a given number of days from today
  </ul>

  </div>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>


  $ get-with-headers.py $LOCALIP:$HGPORT "help/pager"
  200 Script output follows

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>Help: pager</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
   <li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
  <h3>Help: pager</h3>

  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>
  <div id="doc">
  <h1>Pager Support</h1>
  <p>
  Some Mercurial commands can produce a lot of output, and Mercurial will
  attempt to use a pager to make those commands more pleasant.
  </p>
  <p>
  To set the pager that should be used, set the application variable:
  </p>
  <pre>
  [pager]
  pager = less -FRX
  </pre>
  <p>
  If no pager is set in the user or repository configuration, Mercurial uses the
  environment variable $PAGER. If $PAGER is not set, pager.pager from the default
  or system configuration is used. If none of these are set, a default pager will
  be used, typically 'less' on Unix and 'more' on Windows.
  </p>
  <p>
  You can disable the pager for certain commands by adding them to the
  pager.ignore list:
  </p>
  <pre>
  [pager]
  ignore = version, help, update
  </pre>
  <p>
  To ignore global commands like 'hg version' or 'hg help', you have
  to specify them in your user configuration file.
  </p>
  <p>
  To control whether the pager is used at all for an individual command,
  you can use --pager=&lt;value&gt;:
  </p>
  <ul>
   <li> use as needed: 'auto'.
   <li> require the pager: 'yes' or 'on'.
   <li> suppress the pager: 'no' or 'off' (any unrecognized value   will also work).
  </ul>
  <p>
  To globally turn off all attempts to use a pager, set:
  </p>
  <pre>
  [ui]
  paginate = never
  </pre>
  <p>
  which will prevent the pager from running.
  </p>

  </div>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>


Sub-topic indexes rendered properly

  $ get-with-headers.py $LOCALIP:$HGPORT "help/internals"
  200 Script output follows

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>Help: internals</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/help">help</a></li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>

  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>
  <table class="bigtable">
  <tr><td colspan="2"><h2><a name="topics" href="#topics">Topics</a></h2></td></tr>

  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.bid-merge">
  bid-merge
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Bid Merge Algorithm
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.bundle2">
  bundle2
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Bundle2
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.bundles">
  bundles
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Bundles
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.cbor">
  cbor
  </a>
  </td><td>
  CBOR
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.censor">
  censor
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Censor
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.changegroups">
  changegroups
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Changegroups
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.config">
  config
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Config Registrar
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.dirstate-v2">
  dirstate-v2
  </a>
  </td><td>
  dirstate-v2 file format
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.extensions">
  extensions
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Extension API
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.mergestate">
  mergestate
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Mergestate
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.requirements">
  requirements
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Repository Requirements
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.revlogs">
  revlogs
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Revision Logs
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.wireprotocol">
  wireprotocol
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Wire Protocol
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.wireprotocolrpc">
  wireprotocolrpc
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Wire Protocol RPC
  </td></tr>
  <tr><td>
  <a href="/help/internals.wireprotocolv2">
  wireprotocolv2
  </a>
  </td><td>
  Wire Protocol Version 2
  </td></tr>


  </table>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>


Sub-topic topics rendered properly

  $ get-with-headers.py $LOCALIP:$HGPORT "help/internals.changegroups"
  200 Script output follows

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>Help: internals.changegroups</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
   <li class="active"><a href="/help">help</a></li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
  <h3>Help: internals.changegroups</h3>

  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>
  <div id="doc">
  <h1>Changegroups</h1>
  <p>
  Changegroups are representations of repository revlog data, specifically
  the changelog data, root/flat manifest data, treemanifest data, and
  filelogs.
  </p>
  <p>
  There are 4 versions of changegroups: &quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot; and &quot;4&quot;. From a
  high-level, versions &quot;1&quot; and &quot;2&quot; are almost exactly the same, with the
  only difference being an additional item in the *delta header*. Version
  &quot;3&quot; adds support for storage flags in the *delta header* and optionally
  exchanging treemanifests (enabled by setting an option on the
  &quot;changegroup&quot; part in the bundle2). Version &quot;4&quot; adds support for exchanging
  sidedata (additional revision metadata not part of the digest).
  </p>
  <p>
  Changegroups when not exchanging treemanifests consist of 3 logical
  segments:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +---------------------------------+
  |           |          |          |
  | changeset | manifest | filelogs |
  |           |          |          |
  |           |          |          |
  +---------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  When exchanging treemanifests, there are 4 logical segments:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +-------------------------------------------------+
  |           |          |               |          |
  | changeset |   root   | treemanifests | filelogs |
  |           | manifest |               |          |
  |           |          |               |          |
  +-------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  The principle building block of each segment is a *chunk*. A *chunk*
  is a framed piece of data:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +---------------------------------------+
  |           |                           |
  |  length   |           data            |
  | (4 bytes) |   (&lt;length - 4&gt; bytes)    |
  |           |                           |
  +---------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  All integers are big-endian signed integers. Each chunk starts with a 32-bit
  integer indicating the length of the entire chunk (including the length field
  itself).
  </p>
  <p>
  There is a special case chunk that has a value of 0 for the length
  (&quot;0x00000000&quot;). We call this an *empty chunk*.
  </p>
  <h2>Delta Groups</h2>
  <p>
  A *delta group* expresses the content of a revlog as a series of deltas,
  or patches against previous revisions.
  </p>
  <p>
  Delta groups consist of 0 or more *chunks* followed by the *empty chunk*
  to signal the end of the delta group:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                |             |               |             |           |
  | chunk0 length  | chunk0 data | chunk1 length | chunk1 data |    0x0    |
  |   (4 bytes)    |  (various)  |   (4 bytes)   |  (various)  | (4 bytes) |
  |                |             |               |             |           |
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  Each *chunk*'s data consists of the following:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +---------------------------------------+
  |                        |              |
  |     delta header       |  delta data  |
  |  (various by version)  |  (various)   |
  |                        |              |
  +---------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  The *delta data* is a series of *delta*s that describe a diff from an existing
  entry (either that the recipient already has, or previously specified in the
  bundle/changegroup).
  </p>
  <p>
  The *delta header* is different between versions &quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot; and &quot;4&quot;
  of the changegroup format.
  </p>
  <p>
  Version 1 (headerlen=80):
  </p>
  <pre>
  +------------------------------------------------------+
  |            |             |             |             |
  |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   |  link node  |
  | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |
  |            |             |             |             |
  +------------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  Version 2 (headerlen=100):
  </p>
  <pre>
  +------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |            |             |             |            |            |
  |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   | base node  | link node  |
  | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) |
  |            |             |             |            |            |
  +------------------------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  Version 3 (headerlen=102):
  </p>
  <pre>
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |            |             |             |            |            |           |
  |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   | base node  | link node  |   flags   |
  | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (2 bytes) |
  |            |             |             |            |            |           |
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  Version 4 (headerlen=103):
  </p>
  <pre>
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
  |            |             |             |            |            |           |          |
  |    node    |   p1 node   |   p2 node   | base node  | link node  |   flags   |  pflags  |
  | (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) |  (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (20 bytes) | (2 bytes) | (1 byte) |
  |            |             |             |            |            |           |          |
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  The *delta data* consists of &quot;chunklen - 4 - headerlen&quot; bytes, which contain a
  series of *delta*s, densely packed (no separators). These deltas describe a diff
  from an existing entry (either that the recipient already has, or previously
  specified in the bundle/changegroup). The format is described more fully in
  &quot;hg help internals.bdiff&quot;, but briefly:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +---------------------------------------------------------------+
  |              |            |            |                      |
  | start offset | end offset | new length |        content       |
  |  (4 bytes)   |  (4 bytes) |  (4 bytes) | (&lt;new length&gt; bytes) |
  |              |            |            |                      |
  +---------------------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  Please note that the length field in the delta data does *not* include itself.
  </p>
  <p>
  In version 1, the delta is always applied against the previous node from
  the changegroup or the first parent if this is the first entry in the
  changegroup.
  </p>
  <p>
  In version 2 and up, the delta base node is encoded in the entry in the
  changegroup. This allows the delta to be expressed against any parent,
  which can result in smaller deltas and more efficient encoding of data.
  </p>
  <p>
  The *flags* field holds bitwise flags affecting the processing of revision
  data. The following flags are defined:
  </p>
  <dl>
   <dt>32768
   <dd>Censored revision. The revision's fulltext has been replaced by censor metadata. May only occur on file revisions.
   <dt>16384
   <dd>Ellipsis revision. Revision hash does not match data (likely due to rewritten parents).
   <dt>8192
   <dd>Externally stored. The revision fulltext contains &quot;key:value&quot; &quot;\n&quot; delimited metadata defining an object stored elsewhere. Used by the LFS extension.
   <dt>4096
   <dd>Contains copy information. This revision changes files in a way that could affect copy tracing. This does *not* affect changegroup handling, but is relevant for other parts of Mercurial.
  </dl>
  <p>
  For historical reasons, the integer values are identical to revlog version 1
  per-revision storage flags and correspond to bits being set in this 2-byte
  field. Bits were allocated starting from the most-significant bit, hence the
  reverse ordering and allocation of these flags.
  </p>
  <p>
  The *pflags* (protocol flags) field holds bitwise flags affecting the protocol
  itself. They are first in the header since they may affect the handling of the
  rest of the fields in a future version. They are defined as such:
  </p>
  <dl>
   <dt>1 indicates whether to read a chunk of sidedata (of variable length) right
   <dd>after the revision flags.
  </dl>
  <h2>Changeset Segment</h2>
  <p>
  The *changeset segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding
  changelog data. The *empty chunk* at the end of the *delta group* denotes
  the boundary to the *manifest segment*.
  </p>
  <h2>Manifest Segment</h2>
  <p>
  The *manifest segment* consists of a single *delta group* holding manifest
  data. If treemanifests are in use, it contains only the manifest for the
  root directory of the repository. Otherwise, it contains the entire
  manifest data. The *empty chunk* at the end of the *delta group* denotes
  the boundary to the next segment (either the *treemanifests segment* or the
  *filelogs segment*, depending on version and the request options).
  </p>
  <h3>Treemanifests Segment</h3>
  <p>
  The *treemanifests segment* only exists in changegroup version &quot;3&quot; and &quot;4&quot;,
  and only if the 'treemanifest' param is part of the bundle2 changegroup part
  (it is not possible to use changegroup version 3 or 4 outside of bundle2).
  Aside from the filenames in the *treemanifests segment* containing a
  trailing &quot;/&quot; character, it behaves identically to the *filelogs segment*
  (see below). The final sub-segment is followed by an *empty chunk* (logically,
  a sub-segment with filename size 0). This denotes the boundary to the
  *filelogs segment*.
  </p>
  <h2>Filelogs Segment</h2>
  <p>
  The *filelogs segment* consists of multiple sub-segments, each
  corresponding to an individual file whose data is being described:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +--------------------------------------------------+
  |          |          |          |     |           |
  | filelog0 | filelog1 | filelog2 | ... |    0x0    |
  |          |          |          |     | (4 bytes) |
  |          |          |          |     |           |
  +--------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  The final filelog sub-segment is followed by an *empty chunk* (logically,
  a sub-segment with filename size 0). This denotes the end of the segment
  and of the overall changegroup.
  </p>
  <p>
  Each filelog sub-segment consists of the following:
  </p>
  <pre>
  +------------------------------------------------------+
  |                 |                      |             |
  | filename length |       filename       | delta group |
  |    (4 bytes)    | (&lt;length - 4&gt; bytes) |  (various)  |
  |                 |                      |             |
  +------------------------------------------------------+
  </pre>
  <p>
  That is, a *chunk* consisting of the filename (not terminated or padded)
  followed by N chunks constituting the *delta group* for this file. The
  *empty chunk* at the end of each *delta group* denotes the boundary to the
  next filelog sub-segment.
  </p>

  </div>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>


  $ get-with-headers.py 127.0.0.1:$HGPORT "help/unknowntopic"
  404 Not Found

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
  <head>
  <link rel="icon" href="/static/hgicon.png" type="image/png" />
  <meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style-paper.css" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/mercurial.js"></script>

  <title>test: error</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div class="container">
  <div class="menu">
  <div class="logo">
  <a href="https://mercurial-scm.org/">
  <img src="/static/hglogo.png" width=75 height=90 border=0 alt="mercurial" /></a>
  </div>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/shortlog">log</a></li>
  <li><a href="/graph">graph</a></li>
  <li><a href="/tags">tags</a></li>
  <li><a href="/bookmarks">bookmarks</a></li>
  <li><a href="/branches">branches</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="/help">help</a></li>
  </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">

  <h2 class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Mercurial</a> </h2>
  <h3>error</h3>


  <form class="search" action="/log">

  <p><input name="rev" id="search1" type="text" size="30" value="" /></p>
  <div id="hint">Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision
  number or hash, or <a href="/help/revsets">revset expression</a>.</div>
  </form>

  <div class="description">
  <p>
  An error occurred while processing your request:
  </p>
  <p>
  Not Found
  </p>
  </div>
  </div>
  </div>


  </body>
  </html>

  [1]

  $ killdaemons.py

#endif
author	Augie Fackler <augie@google.com>
date	Wed, 02 Mar 2022 10:25:11 -0500
parents	6e559391f96e
children	42d2b31cee0b 308e45f7b455