$ unset HGUSER
$ EMAIL="My Name <myname@example.com>"
$ export EMAIL
$ hg init test
$ cd test
$ touch asdf
$ hg add asdf
$ hg commit -m commit-1
$ hg tip
changeset: 0:53f268a58230
tag: tip
user: My Name <myname@example.com>
date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
summary: commit-1
$ unset EMAIL
$ echo 1234 > asdf
$ hg commit -u "foo@bar.com" -m commit-1
$ hg tip
changeset: 1:3871b2a9e9bf
tag: tip
user: foo@bar.com
date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
summary: commit-1
$ echo "[ui]" >> .hg/hgrc
$ echo "username = foobar <foo@bar.com>" >> .hg/hgrc
$ echo 12 > asdf
$ hg commit -m commit-1
$ hg tip
changeset: 2:8eeac6695c1c
tag: tip
user: foobar <foo@bar.com>
date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
summary: commit-1
$ echo 1 > asdf
$ hg commit -u "foo@bar.com" -m commit-1
$ hg tip
changeset: 3:957606a725e4
tag: tip
user: foo@bar.com
date: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
summary: commit-1
$ echo 123 > asdf
$ echo "[ui]" > .hg/hgrc
$ echo "username = " >> .hg/hgrc
$ hg commit -m commit-1
abort: no username supplied
(use "hg config --edit" to set your username)
[255]
$ rm .hg/hgrc
$ hg commit -m commit-1 2>&1
no username found, using '[^']*' instead (re)
$ echo space > asdf
$ hg commit -u ' ' -m commit-1
transaction abort!
rollback completed
abort: empty username!
[255]
$ cd ..