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encoding: define an enum that specifies what normcase does to ASCII strings

For C code we don't want to pay the cost of calling into a Python function for
the common case of ASCII filenames. However, while on most POSIX platforms we
normalize filenames by lowercasing them, on Windows we uppercase them. We
define an enum here indicating the direction that filenames should be
normalized as. Some platforms (notably Cygwin) have more complicated
normalization behavior -- we add a case for that too.

In upcoming patches we'll also define a fallback function that is called if the
string has non-ASCII bytes.

This enum will be replicated in the C code to make foldmaps. There's
unfortunately no nice way to avoid that -- we can't have encoding import
parsers because of import cycles. One way might be to have parsers import
encoding, but accessing Python modules from C code is just awkward.

The name 'normcasespecs' was chosen to indicate that this is merely an integer
that specifies a behavior, not a function. The name was pluralized since in
upcoming patches we'll introduce 'normcasespec' which will be one of these
values.

copyright (c) 2006-2010 David JEAN LOUIS

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