view tests/test-filebranch.t @ 40326:fed697fa1734

sqlitestore: file storage backend using SQLite

This commit provides an extension which uses SQLite to store file
data (as opposed to revlogs).

As the inline documentation describes, there are still several
aspects to the extension that are incomplete. But it's a start.
The extension does support basic clone, checkout, and commit
workflows, which makes it suitable for simple use cases.

One notable missing feature is support for "bundlerepos." This is
probably responsible for the most test failures when the extension
is activated as part of the test suite.

All revision data is stored in SQLite. Data is stored as zstd
compressed chunks (default if zstd is available), zlib compressed
chunks (default if zstd is not available), or raw chunks (if
configured or if a compressed delta is not smaller than the raw
delta). This makes things very similar to revlogs.

Unlike revlogs, the extension doesn't yet enforce a limit on delta
chain length. This is an obvious limitation and should be addressed.
This is somewhat mitigated by the use of zstd, which is much faster
than zlib to decompress.

There is a dedicated table for storing deltas. Deltas are stored
by the SHA-1 hash of their uncompressed content. The "fileindex" table
has columns that reference the delta for each revision and the base
delta that delta should be applied against. A recursive SQL query
is used to resolve the delta chain along with the delta data.

By storing deltas by hash, we are able to de-duplicate delta storage!
With revlogs, the same deltas in different revlogs would result in
duplicate storage of that delta. In this scheme, inserting the
duplicate delta is a no-op and delta chains simply reference the
existing delta.

When initially implementing this extension, I did not have
content-indexed deltas and deltas could be duplicated across files
(just like revlogs). When I implemented content-indexed deltas, the
size of the SQLite database for a full clone of mozilla-unified
dropped:

before: 2,554,261,504 bytes
after:  2,488,754,176 bytes

Surprisingly, this is still larger than the bytes size of revlog
files:

revlog files: 2,104,861,230 bytes
du -b:        2,254,381,614

I would have expected storage to be smaller since we're not limiting
delta chain length and since we're using zstd instead of zlib. I
suspect the SQLite indexes and per-column overhead account for the
bulk of the differences. (Keep in mind that revlog uses a 64-byte
packed struct for revision index data and deltas are stored without
padding. Aside from the 12 unused bytes in the 32 byte node field,
revlogs are pretty efficient.) Another source of overhead is file
name storage. With revlogs, file names are stored in the filesystem.
But with SQLite, we need to store file names in the database. This is
roughly equivalent to the size of the fncache file, which for the
mozilla-unified repository is ~34MB.

Since the SQLite database isn't append-only and since delta chains
can reference any delta, this opens some interesting possibilities.
For example, we could store deltas in reverse, such that fulltexts
are stored for newer revisions and deltas are applied to reconstruct
older revisions. This is likely a more optimal storage strategy for
version control, as new data tends to be more frequently accessed
than old data. We would obviously need wire protocol support for
transferring revision data from newest to oldest. And we would
probably need some kind of mechanism for "re-encoding" stores. But
it should be doable.

This extension is very much experimental quality. There are a handful
of features that don't work. It probably isn't suitable for day-to-day
use. But it could be used in limited cases (e.g. read-only checkouts
like in CI). And it is also a good proving ground for alternate
storage backends. As we continue to define interfaces for all things
storage, it will be useful to have a viable alternate storage backend
to see how things shake out in practice.

test-storage.py passes on Python 2 and introduces no new test failures on
Python 3. Having the storage-level unit tests has proved to be insanely
useful when developing this extension. Those tests caught numerous bugs
during development and I'm convinced this style of testing is the way
forward for ensuring alternate storage backends work as intended. Of
course, test coverage isn't close to what it needs to be. But it is
a start. And what coverage we have gives me confidence that basic store
functionality is implemented properly.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D4928

This test makes sure that we don't mark a file as merged with its ancestor
when we do a merge.

  $ cat <<EOF > merge
  > from __future__ import print_function
  > import sys, os
  > print("merging for", os.path.basename(sys.argv[1]))
  > EOF
  $ HGMERGE="$PYTHON ../merge"; export HGMERGE

Creating base:

  $ hg init a
  $ cd a
  $ echo 1 > foo
  $ echo 1 > bar
  $ echo 1 > baz
  $ echo 1 > quux
  $ hg add foo bar baz quux
  $ hg commit -m "base"

  $ cd ..
  $ hg clone a b
  updating to branch default
  4 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved

Creating branch a:

  $ cd a
  $ echo 2a > foo
  $ echo 2a > bar
  $ hg commit -m "branch a"

Creating branch b:

  $ cd ..
  $ cd b
  $ echo 2b > foo
  $ echo 2b > baz
  $ hg commit -m "branch b"

We shouldn't have anything but n state here:

  $ hg debugstate --no-dates | grep -v "^n"
  [1]

Merging:

  $ hg pull ../a
  pulling from ../a
  searching for changes
  adding changesets
  adding manifests
  adding file changes
  added 1 changesets with 2 changes to 2 files (+1 heads)
  new changesets bdd988058d16
  (run 'hg heads' to see heads, 'hg merge' to merge)

  $ hg merge -v
  resolving manifests
  getting bar
  merging foo
  merging for foo
  1 files updated, 1 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
  (branch merge, don't forget to commit)

  $ echo 2m > foo
  $ echo 2b > baz
  $ echo new > quux

  $ hg ci -m "merge"

main: we should have a merge here:

  $ hg debugindex --changelog
     rev linkrev nodeid       p1           p2
       0       0 cdca01651b96 000000000000 000000000000
       1       1 f6718a9cb7f3 cdca01651b96 000000000000
       2       2 bdd988058d16 cdca01651b96 000000000000
       3       3 d8a521142a3c f6718a9cb7f3 bdd988058d16

log should show foo and quux changed:

  $ hg log -v -r tip
  changeset:   3:d8a521142a3c
  tag:         tip
  parent:      1:f6718a9cb7f3
  parent:      2:bdd988058d16
  user:        test
  date:        Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
  files:       foo quux
  description:
  merge
  
  

foo: we should have a merge here:

  $ hg debugindex foo
     rev linkrev nodeid       p1           p2
       0       0 b8e02f643373 000000000000 000000000000
       1       1 2ffeddde1b65 b8e02f643373 000000000000
       2       2 33d1fb69067a b8e02f643373 000000000000
       3       3 aa27919ee430 2ffeddde1b65 33d1fb69067a

bar: we should not have a merge here:

  $ hg debugindex bar
     rev linkrev nodeid       p1           p2
       0       0 b8e02f643373 000000000000 000000000000
       1       2 33d1fb69067a b8e02f643373 000000000000

baz: we should not have a merge here:

  $ hg debugindex baz
     rev linkrev nodeid       p1           p2
       0       0 b8e02f643373 000000000000 000000000000
       1       1 2ffeddde1b65 b8e02f643373 000000000000

quux: we should not have a merge here:

  $ hg debugindex quux
     rev linkrev nodeid       p1           p2
       0       0 b8e02f643373 000000000000 000000000000
       1       3 6128c0f33108 b8e02f643373 000000000000

Manifest entries should match tips of all files:

  $ hg manifest --debug
  33d1fb69067a0139622a3fa3b7ba1cdb1367972e 644   bar
  2ffeddde1b65b4827f6746174a145474129fa2ce 644   baz
  aa27919ee4303cfd575e1fb932dd64d75aa08be4 644   foo
  6128c0f33108e8cfbb4e0824d13ae48b466d7280 644   quux

Everything should be clean now:

  $ hg status

  $ hg verify
  checking changesets
  checking manifests
  crosschecking files in changesets and manifests
  checking files
  checked 4 changesets with 10 changes to 4 files

  $ cd ..