view tests/test-filecache.py @ 40326:fed697fa1734

sqlitestore: file storage backend using SQLite

This commit provides an extension which uses SQLite to store file
data (as opposed to revlogs).

As the inline documentation describes, there are still several
aspects to the extension that are incomplete. But it's a start.
The extension does support basic clone, checkout, and commit
workflows, which makes it suitable for simple use cases.

One notable missing feature is support for "bundlerepos." This is
probably responsible for the most test failures when the extension
is activated as part of the test suite.

All revision data is stored in SQLite. Data is stored as zstd
compressed chunks (default if zstd is available), zlib compressed
chunks (default if zstd is not available), or raw chunks (if
configured or if a compressed delta is not smaller than the raw
delta). This makes things very similar to revlogs.

Unlike revlogs, the extension doesn't yet enforce a limit on delta
chain length. This is an obvious limitation and should be addressed.
This is somewhat mitigated by the use of zstd, which is much faster
than zlib to decompress.

There is a dedicated table for storing deltas. Deltas are stored
by the SHA-1 hash of their uncompressed content. The "fileindex" table
has columns that reference the delta for each revision and the base
delta that delta should be applied against. A recursive SQL query
is used to resolve the delta chain along with the delta data.

By storing deltas by hash, we are able to de-duplicate delta storage!
With revlogs, the same deltas in different revlogs would result in
duplicate storage of that delta. In this scheme, inserting the
duplicate delta is a no-op and delta chains simply reference the
existing delta.

When initially implementing this extension, I did not have
content-indexed deltas and deltas could be duplicated across files
(just like revlogs). When I implemented content-indexed deltas, the
size of the SQLite database for a full clone of mozilla-unified
dropped:

before: 2,554,261,504 bytes
after:  2,488,754,176 bytes

Surprisingly, this is still larger than the bytes size of revlog
files:

revlog files: 2,104,861,230 bytes
du -b:        2,254,381,614

I would have expected storage to be smaller since we're not limiting
delta chain length and since we're using zstd instead of zlib. I
suspect the SQLite indexes and per-column overhead account for the
bulk of the differences. (Keep in mind that revlog uses a 64-byte
packed struct for revision index data and deltas are stored without
padding. Aside from the 12 unused bytes in the 32 byte node field,
revlogs are pretty efficient.) Another source of overhead is file
name storage. With revlogs, file names are stored in the filesystem.
But with SQLite, we need to store file names in the database. This is
roughly equivalent to the size of the fncache file, which for the
mozilla-unified repository is ~34MB.

Since the SQLite database isn't append-only and since delta chains
can reference any delta, this opens some interesting possibilities.
For example, we could store deltas in reverse, such that fulltexts
are stored for newer revisions and deltas are applied to reconstruct
older revisions. This is likely a more optimal storage strategy for
version control, as new data tends to be more frequently accessed
than old data. We would obviously need wire protocol support for
transferring revision data from newest to oldest. And we would
probably need some kind of mechanism for "re-encoding" stores. But
it should be doable.

This extension is very much experimental quality. There are a handful
of features that don't work. It probably isn't suitable for day-to-day
use. But it could be used in limited cases (e.g. read-only checkouts
like in CI). And it is also a good proving ground for alternate
storage backends. As we continue to define interfaces for all things
storage, it will be useful to have a viable alternate storage backend
to see how things shake out in practice.

test-storage.py passes on Python 2 and introduces no new test failures on
Python 3. Having the storage-level unit tests has proved to be insanely
useful when developing this extension. Those tests caught numerous bugs
during development and I'm convinced this style of testing is the way
forward for ensuring alternate storage backends work as intended. Of
course, test coverage isn't close to what it needs to be. But it is
a start. And what coverage we have gives me confidence that basic store
functionality is implemented properly.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D4928

from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
import os
import stat
import subprocess
import sys

if subprocess.call(['python', '%s/hghave' % os.environ['TESTDIR'],
                    'cacheable']):
    sys.exit(80)

print_ = print
def print(*args, **kwargs):
    """print() wrapper that flushes stdout buffers to avoid py3 buffer issues

    We could also just write directly to sys.stdout.buffer the way the
    ui object will, but this was easier for porting the test.
    """
    print_(*args, **kwargs)
    sys.stdout.flush()

from mercurial import (
    extensions,
    hg,
    localrepo,
    pycompat,
    ui as uimod,
    util,
    vfs as vfsmod,
)

if pycompat.ispy3:
    xrange = range

class fakerepo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._filecache = {}

    class fakevfs(object):

        def join(self, p):
            return p

    vfs = fakevfs()

    def unfiltered(self):
        return self

    def sjoin(self, p):
        return p

    @localrepo.repofilecache('x', 'y')
    def cached(self):
        print('creating')
        return 'string from function'

    def invalidate(self):
        for k in self._filecache:
            try:
                delattr(self, pycompat.sysstr(k))
            except AttributeError:
                pass

def basic(repo):
    print("* neither file exists")
    # calls function
    repo.cached

    repo.invalidate()
    print("* neither file still exists")
    # uses cache
    repo.cached

    # create empty file
    f = open('x', 'w')
    f.close()
    repo.invalidate()
    print("* empty file x created")
    # should recreate the object
    repo.cached

    f = open('x', 'w')
    f.write('a')
    f.close()
    repo.invalidate()
    print("* file x changed size")
    # should recreate the object
    repo.cached

    repo.invalidate()
    print("* nothing changed with either file")
    # stats file again, reuses object
    repo.cached

    # atomic replace file, size doesn't change
    # hopefully st_mtime doesn't change as well so this doesn't use the cache
    # because of inode change
    f = vfsmod.vfs(b'.')(b'x', b'w', atomictemp=True)
    f.write(b'b')
    f.close()

    repo.invalidate()
    print("* file x changed inode")
    repo.cached

    # create empty file y
    f = open('y', 'w')
    f.close()
    repo.invalidate()
    print("* empty file y created")
    # should recreate the object
    repo.cached

    f = open('y', 'w')
    f.write('A')
    f.close()
    repo.invalidate()
    print("* file y changed size")
    # should recreate the object
    repo.cached

    f = vfsmod.vfs(b'.')(b'y', b'w', atomictemp=True)
    f.write(b'B')
    f.close()

    repo.invalidate()
    print("* file y changed inode")
    repo.cached

    f = vfsmod.vfs(b'.')(b'x', b'w', atomictemp=True)
    f.write(b'c')
    f.close()
    f = vfsmod.vfs(b'.')(b'y', b'w', atomictemp=True)
    f.write(b'C')
    f.close()

    repo.invalidate()
    print("* both files changed inode")
    repo.cached

def fakeuncacheable():
    def wrapcacheable(orig, *args, **kwargs):
        return False

    def wrapinit(orig, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    originit = extensions.wrapfunction(util.cachestat, '__init__', wrapinit)
    origcacheable = extensions.wrapfunction(util.cachestat, 'cacheable',
                                            wrapcacheable)

    for fn in ['x', 'y']:
        try:
            os.remove(fn)
        except OSError:
            pass

    basic(fakerepo())

    util.cachestat.cacheable = origcacheable
    util.cachestat.__init__ = originit

def test_filecache_synced():
    # test old behavior that caused filecached properties to go out of sync
    os.system('hg init && echo a >> a && hg ci -qAm.')
    repo = hg.repository(uimod.ui.load())
    # first rollback clears the filecache, but changelog to stays in __dict__
    repo.rollback()
    repo.commit(b'.')
    # second rollback comes along and touches the changelog externally
    # (file is moved)
    repo.rollback()
    # but since changelog isn't under the filecache control anymore, we don't
    # see that it changed, and return the old changelog without reconstructing
    # it
    repo.commit(b'.')

def setbeforeget(repo):
    os.remove('x')
    os.remove('y')
    repo.cached = 'string set externally'
    repo.invalidate()
    print("* neither file exists")
    print(repo.cached)
    repo.invalidate()
    f = open('x', 'w')
    f.write('a')
    f.close()
    print("* file x created")
    print(repo.cached)

    repo.cached = 'string 2 set externally'
    repo.invalidate()
    print("* string set externally again")
    print(repo.cached)

    repo.invalidate()
    f = open('y', 'w')
    f.write('b')
    f.close()
    print("* file y created")
    print(repo.cached)

def antiambiguity():
    filename = 'ambigcheck'

    # try some times, because reproduction of ambiguity depends on
    # "filesystem time"
    for i in xrange(5):
        fp = open(filename, 'w')
        fp.write('FOO')
        fp.close()

        oldstat = os.stat(filename)
        if oldstat[stat.ST_CTIME] != oldstat[stat.ST_MTIME]:
            # subsequent changing never causes ambiguity
            continue

        repetition = 3

        # repeat changing via checkambigatclosing, to examine whether
        # st_mtime is advanced multiple times as expected
        for i in xrange(repetition):
            # explicit closing
            fp = vfsmod.checkambigatclosing(open(filename, 'a'))
            fp.write('FOO')
            fp.close()

            # implicit closing by "with" statement
            with vfsmod.checkambigatclosing(open(filename, 'a')) as fp:
                fp.write('BAR')

        newstat = os.stat(filename)
        if oldstat[stat.ST_CTIME] != newstat[stat.ST_CTIME]:
            # timestamp ambiguity was naturally avoided while repetition
            continue

        # st_mtime should be advanced "repetition * 2" times, because
        # all changes occurred at same time (in sec)
        expected = (oldstat[stat.ST_MTIME] + repetition * 2) & 0x7fffffff
        if newstat[stat.ST_MTIME] != expected:
            print("'newstat[stat.ST_MTIME] %s is not %s (as %s + %s * 2)" %
                  (newstat[stat.ST_MTIME], expected,
                   oldstat[stat.ST_MTIME], repetition))

        # no more examination is needed regardless of result
        break
    else:
        # This platform seems too slow to examine anti-ambiguity
        # of file timestamp (or test happened to be executed at
        # bad timing). Exit silently in this case, because running
        # on other faster platforms can detect problems
        pass

print('basic:')
print()
basic(fakerepo())
print()
print('fakeuncacheable:')
print()
fakeuncacheable()
test_filecache_synced()
print()
print('setbeforeget:')
print()
setbeforeget(fakerepo())
print()
print('antiambiguity:')
print()
antiambiguity()