mergestate: reduce the number of attribute lookups This code is called a lot during updates, this is a very small but also very easy thing to do.

test-lfs-serve-access: account for output differences in Python 3.12 This test is quite noisy, but the fix was very easy.

patchbomb: don't test ambiguous address This is a bug in Python's `email` package and shouldn't be relied on. Python 3.12 has fixed this problem¹ and raises an exception. We keep the multiple `-t` because this is still relevant for testing. [1] https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/102988 [2] https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html

contrib: install pip 24.2 in the Windows dependency installer script One of the modern pythons was crying about the old version importing `distutils`.

contrib: install the latest py 3.11-3.13 in the Windows dependency script Note that python 3.11 adds an installer for arm64, which we ignore here because I don't have a Windows system running arm64, and it's likely we will be dropping support for some platforms before I get my hands on one.

contrib: update to the latest py3.9 and 3.10 in the Windows dependency script Python3.8 was already at its last version with an installer, FWIW.

contrib: drop python 3.7 from the Windows dependency installer script I'm tempted to drop 3.8 too, since we use 3.9 on Windows.

contrib: drop python 3.5 requirements file for Linux automation The new minimum this cycle is py3.8.

windows: implement `util.cachestat` to fix numerous dirstate problems I got here by bisecting the issue1790 related failure on Windows to keep an entry from being marked "unset" in `test-dirstate.t` back to eedbf8256263. There were a handful of other tests failing with an unexpected dirstate entry state like this, as well as numerous "skip updating dirstate: identity mismatch" messages added to various tests, as well as an issue with dirstate wrapping with the largefiles extension[1], all of which appear to be fixed by this. In total, ~25 tests are fully fixed on Windows with this change on default. This is basically a copy/paste of the posix implementation, but we drop the `st_mode` comparison- I think the only reason we care about the mode on posix is to detect +/-x mode changes, but the executable bits on Windows are synthesized based on the name of the file[2]. None of the other parts of the codebase are equipped to handle executable bits in the filesystem on Windows anyway, so it doesn't make sense to worry about them here. Note that `st_uid` and `st_gid` seem to always be 0 on Windows (and I can't find them being initialized), so they can probably be dropped from the comparison. But I doubt they matter any more on posix, since we don't track ownership. The `st_ino`, `st_dev`, and `st_nlink` attributes all seem to have reasonable values for comparing like on posix[3]. Also note that `st_ctime` is apparently deprecated in 3.12+ (for reasons I haven't explored)[4]. [1] https://foss.heptapod.net/mercurial/mercurial-devel/-/merge_requests/884 [2] https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/aab3210271136ad8e8fecd927b806602c463e1f2/Modules/posixmodule.c#L1948 [3] https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/aab3210271136ad8e8fecd927b806602c463e1f2/Python/fileutils.c#L1158 [4] https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/aab3210271136ad8e8fecd927b806602c463e1f2/Modules/posixmodule.c#L2200

extdiff: don't run gui programs when in a cli-only environment In order to provide a useful error message to override the behavior, we also need to slightly change the way that tool.gui is found in the config. Before, it had to be where tool.diffargs is located, which might not exist. Now, tool.isgui can exist on its own. A test is added for the new error message. We also need to force procutil.isgui() to return true, so we set $DISPLAY to a non-empty value before running any test expecting to have a gui.

bookflow: fix bullet list indentation in docstring

doc: generate separate commands/topics/extension pages This change modifies gendoc.py and Makefile so that individual pages for commands, help topics, and extensions can be generated. A new index page is also generated with links to all these pages. This makes it easier to look up and search the help text of a given command or topic, instead of having to deal with the giant hg.1 "all-in-one" page. Since the list of individual pages varies based on the source code, we generate a dynamic Makefile that contains this list of files as individual targets. This gives us fine-grained control over output files. However, it greatly increases the time spent generating all help pages. It's recommended to run make with -j to make use of multi-core archs. Individual man pages are produced in doc/man, and HTML ones are in doc/html

doc: refactor gendoc for better reusability This change separates the gathering of commands/topics/etc from the logic of printing their documentation out.

stream: prefer keeping an open file handle to volatile file instead of copy We will still do copy if too many file handle are open. Currently, have less than 10 volatile files in typical usage, so we should be fine. See inline documentation for details.

stream: remove __getitem__ from the VolatileManager It is no longer used and that API will get in the way of the new order.