commands: print chunk type in debugrevlog Each data entry ("chunk") in a revlog has a type based on the first byte of the data. This type indicates how to interpret the data. This seems like a useful thing to be able to query through a debug command. So let's add that to `hg debugrevlog`. This does make `hg debugrevlog` slightly slower, as it has to read more than just the index. However, even on the mozilla-unified manifest (which is ~200MB spread over ~350K revisions), this takes <400ms.

perf: add command for measuring revlog chunk operations Upcoming commits will teach revlogs to leverage the new compression engine API so that new compression formats can more easily be leveraged in revlogs. We want to be sure this refactoring doesn't regress performance. So this commit introduces "perfrevchunks" to explicitly test performance of reading, decompressing, and recompressing revlog chunks. Here is output when run on the mozilla-unified repo: $ hg perfrevlogchunks -c ! read ! wall 0.346603 comb 0.350000 user 0.340000 sys 0.010000 (best of 28) ! read w/ reused fd ! wall 0.337707 comb 0.340000 user 0.320000 sys 0.020000 (best of 30) ! read batch ! wall 0.013206 comb 0.020000 user 0.000000 sys 0.020000 (best of 221) ! read batch w/ reused fd ! wall 0.013259 comb 0.030000 user 0.010000 sys 0.020000 (best of 222) ! chunk ! wall 1.909939 comb 1.910000 user 1.900000 sys 0.010000 (best of 6) ! chunk batch ! wall 1.750677 comb 1.760000 user 1.740000 sys 0.020000 (best of 6) ! compress ! wall 5.668004 comb 5.670000 user 5.670000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) $ hg perfrevlogchunks -m ! read ! wall 0.365834 comb 0.370000 user 0.350000 sys 0.020000 (best of 26) ! read w/ reused fd ! wall 0.350160 comb 0.350000 user 0.320000 sys 0.030000 (best of 28) ! read batch ! wall 0.024777 comb 0.020000 user 0.000000 sys 0.020000 (best of 119) ! read batch w/ reused fd ! wall 0.024895 comb 0.030000 user 0.000000 sys 0.030000 (best of 118) ! chunk ! wall 2.514061 comb 2.520000 user 2.480000 sys 0.040000 (best of 4) ! chunk batch ! wall 2.380788 comb 2.380000 user 2.360000 sys 0.020000 (best of 5) ! compress ! wall 9.815297 comb 9.820000 user 9.820000 sys 0.000000 (best of 3) We already see some interesting data, such as how much slower non-batched chunk reading is and that zlib compression appears to be >2x slower than decompression. I didn't have the data when I wrote this commit message, but I ran this on Mozilla's NFS-based Mercurial server and the time for reading with a reused file descriptor was faster. So I think it is worth testing both with and without file descriptor reuse so we can make informed decisions about recycling file descriptors.

setup: add flag to build_ext to control building zstd Downstream packagers will inevitably want to disable building the vendored python-zstandard Python package. Rather than force them to patch setup.py, let's give them a knob to use. distutils Command classes support defining custom options. It requires setting certain class attributes (yes, class attributes: instance attributes don't work because the class type is consulted before it is instantiated). We already have a custom child class of build_ext, so we set these class attributes, implement some scaffolding, and override build_extensions to filter the Extension instance for the zstd extension if the `--no-zstd` argument is specified. Example usage: $ python setup.py build_ext --no-zstd

drawdag: update test repos by drawing the changelog DAG in ASCII Currently, we have "debugbuilddag" which is a powerful tool to build test cases but not intuitive. We may end up running "hg log" in the test to make the test more readable. This patch adds a "drawdag" extension with a "debugdrawdag" command for similar testing purpose. Unlike the cryptic "debugbuilddag" command, it reads an ASCII graph that is intuitive to human, so the test case can be more readable. Unlike "debugbuilddag", "drawdag" does not require an empty repo. So it can be used to add new changesets to an existing repo. Since the "drawdag" logic is not that trivial and only makes sense for testing purpose, the extension is added to the "tests" directory, to make the core logic clean. If we find it useful (for example, to demonstrate cases and help user understand some cases) and want to ship it by default in the future, we can move it to a ship-by-default "debugdrawdag" at that time.

posix: give checklink a fast path that cache the check file and is read only util.checklink would create a symlink and remove it again. That would sometimes happen multiple times. Write operations are relatively expensive and give disk tear and noise for applications monitoring file system activity. Instead of creating a symlink and deleting it again, just create it once and leave it in .hg/cache/check-link . If the file exists, just verify that os.islink reports true. We will assume that this check is as good as symlink creation not failing. Note: The symlink left in .hg/cache has to resolve to a file - otherwise 'make dist' will fail ... test-symlink-os-yes-fs-no.py does some monkey patching to simulate a platform without symlink support. The slightly different testing method requires additional monkeying.

posix: move checklink test file to .hg/cache This avoids unnecessary churn in the working directory. It is not necessarily a fully valid assumption that .hg/cache is on the same filesystem as the working directory, but I think it is an acceptable approximation. It could also be the case that different parts of the working directory is on different mount points so checking in the root folder could also be wrong.

posix: give checkexec a fast path; keep the check files and test read only Before, Mercurial would create a new temporary file every time, stat it, change its exec mode, stat it again, and delete it. Most of this dance was done to handle the rare and not-so-essential case of VFAT mounts on unix. The cost of that was paid by the much more common and important case of using normal file systems. Instead, try to create and preserve .hg/cache/checkisexec and .hg/cache/checknoexec with and without exec flag set. If the files exist and have correct exec flags set, we can conclude that that file system supports the exec flag. Best case, the whole exec check can thus be done with two stat calls. Worst case, we delete the wrong files and check as usual. That will be because temporary loss of exec bit or on file systems without support for the exec bit. In that case we check as we did before, with the additional overhead of one extra stat call. It is possible that this different test algorithm in some cases on odd file systems will give different behaviour. Again, I think it will be rare and special cases and I think it is worth the risk. test-clone.t happens to show the situation where checkisexec is left behind from the old style check, while checknoexec only will be created next time a exec check will be performed.

posix: simplify checkexec check Use a slightly simpler logic that in some cases can avoid an unnecessary chmod and stat. Instead of flipping the X bits, make it more clear that we rely on no X bits being set on initial file creation, and that at least some of them stick after they all have been set.

posix: move checkexec test file to .hg/cache This avoids unnecessary churn in the working directory. It is not necessarily a fully valid assumption that .hg/cache is on the same filesystem as the working directory, but I think it is an acceptable approximation. It could also be the case that different parts of the working directory is on different mount points so checking in the root folder could also be wrong.

manifest: move manifestctx creation into manifestlog.get() Most manifestctx creation already happened in manifestlog.get(), but there was one spot in the manifestctx class itself that created an instance manually. This patch makes that one instance go through the manifestlog. This means extensions can just wrap manifestlog.get() and it will cover all manifestctx creations. It also means this code path now hits the manifestlog cache.

util: implement zstd compression engine Now that zstd is vendored and being built (in some configurations), we can implement a compression engine for zstd! The zstd engine is a little different from existing engines. Because it may not always be present, we have to defer load the module in case importing it fails. We facilitate this via a cached property that holds a reference to the module or None. The "available" method is implemented to reflect reality. The zstd engine declares its ability to handle bundles using the "zstd" human name and the "ZS" internal name. The latter was chosen because internal names are 2 characters (by only convention I think) and "ZS" seems reasonable. The engine, like others, supports specifying the compression level. However, there are no consumers of this API that yet pass in that argument. I have plans to change that, so stay tuned. Since all we need to do to support bundle generation with a new compression engine is implement and register the compression engine, bundle generation with zstd "just works!" Tests demonstrating this have been added. How does performance of zstd for bundle generation compare? On the mozilla-unified repo, `hg bundle --all -t <engine>-v2` yields the following on my i7-6700K on Linux: engine CPU time bundle size vs orig size throughput none 97.0s 4,054,405,584 100.0% 41.8 MB/s bzip2 (l=9) 393.6s 975,343,098 24.0% 10.3 MB/s gzip (l=6) 184.0s 1,140,533,074 28.1% 22.0 MB/s zstd (l=1) 108.2s 1,119,434,718 27.6% 37.5 MB/s zstd (l=2) 111.3s 1,078,328,002 26.6% 36.4 MB/s zstd (l=3) 113.7s 1,011,823,727 25.0% 35.7 MB/s zstd (l=4) 116.0s 1,008,965,888 24.9% 35.0 MB/s zstd (l=5) 121.0s 977,203,148 24.1% 33.5 MB/s zstd (l=6) 131.7s 927,360,198 22.9% 30.8 MB/s zstd (l=7) 139.0s 912,808,505 22.5% 29.2 MB/s zstd (l=12) 198.1s 854,527,714 21.1% 20.5 MB/s zstd (l=18) 681.6s 789,750,690 19.5% 5.9 MB/s On compression, zstd for bundle generation delivers: * better compression than gzip with significantly less CPU utilization * better than bzip2 compression ratios while still being significantly faster than gzip * ability to aggressively tune compression level to achieve significantly smaller bundles That last point is important. With clone bundles, a server can pre-generate a bundle file, upload it to a static file server, and redirect clients to transparently download it during clone. The server could choose to produce a zstd bundle with the highest compression settings possible. This would take a very long time - a magnitude longer than a typical zstd bundle generation - but the result would be hundreds of megabytes smaller! For the clone volume we do at Mozilla, this could translate to petabytes of bandwidth savings per year and faster clones (due to smaller transfer size). I don't have detailed numbers to report on decompression. However, zstd decompression is fast: >1 GB/s output throughput on this machine, even through the Python bindings. And it can do that regardless of the compression level of the input. By the time you have enough data to worry about overhead of decompression, you have plenty of other things to worry about performance wise. zstd is wins all around. I can't wait to implement support for it on the wire protocol and in revlogs.

hghave: add check for zstd support Not all configurations will support zstd. Add a check so we can conditionalize tests.

exchange: obtain compression engines from the registrar util.compengines has knowledge of all registered compression engines and the metadata that associates them with various bundle types. This patch removes the now redundant declaration of this metadata from exchange.py and obtains it from the new source. The effect of this patch is that once a new compression engine is registered with util.compengines, `hg bundle -t <engine>` will just work.

bundle2: equate 'UN' with no compression An upcoming patch will change the "alg" argument passed to this function from None to "UN" when no compression is wanted. The existing implementation of bundle2 does not set a "Compression" parameter if no compression is used. In theory, setting "Compression=UN" should work. But I haven't audited the code to see if all client versions supporting bundle2 will accept this. Rather than take the risk, avoid the BC breakage and treat "UN" the same as None.